Taxonomy of meanings for 病:　　

  • 病 bìng (OC: bɢraŋs MC: bɯiaŋ) 皮命切 去 廣韻：【憂也苦也說文曰疾加也皮命切四 】
    • ILLNESS
      • n[adN]ill person
      • nab.prIllness (personified??)
      • nabstativeserious lasting disease; sometimes generalised: natural disease, sickness
      • vadNgradedsick 甚病之人
      • vadVbecause of a natural illness
      • vibe seriously sick or ill; (of states etc) be disabled [move those examples to fig]
      • vichangefall seriously ill; (of an acute illness:) become a serious irremediable medical state
      • vtoNstativebe sick with respect to; suffer from the disease N
      • specific: mild> TIRED
        • vibe seriously worn out
        • external conditions> POOR
        • generalised:feature> BAD
          • vtoNregard an evil; regard as bad for oneCH
          • subjective> DISTRESS
            • general> DEFECT
              • nabfeaturedefect
              • vtoV[0]suffer from the defect of V-ingCH
              • temporary> MISTAKE
                • nabactmistake
                • viactbe mistaken; get things wrong
                • vtoNmake mistakes regarding
                • vtoNputativeconsider as a mistake
                • vt+V[0]make the mistake of V-ingLZ
                • event> FAIL
                  • vtoNabhave serious trouble with NPab-ingCH
                • feature: psychological> VICE
                  • nabfeaturevice DC 7.缺點；錯誤。《孔子家語·在厄》：" 孔子 聖賢，其所刺譏，皆中諸侯之病。" 三國 魏 曹植 《與楊德祖書》："世人之著述，不能無病。僕常好人譏彈其文，有不善者，應時改定。" 宋 司馬光 《訓儉示康》："眾人皆以奢靡為榮，吾心獨以儉素為美；人皆嗤吾固陋，吾不以為病。" 清 俞樾 《春在堂隨筆》卷五："著書之家，千慮一失，往往有之，不足為先生病。"
                  • vtoNab{S}suffer from the deplorable vice of SCH
              • generalised: external> DAMAGE
                • vtoNcause to be injured, inflict damage on; cause trouble for
                • inflict damage on> ATTACK
                  • suffer damage from: be defeated> DEFEAT
                    • major> DISASTER
                      • n[adN]nonreferentialthose who are in distress
                      • nabstativestate of distress; trouble; mental trauma 
                      • vigradedget into trouble; suffer disaster
                      • vt+prep+Nbring disaster to
                    • putative: be concerned with possible damage> WORRY
                      • vtoNputativefind (something) troublesome; worry very much about something, be disturbed by the thought of
                      • vtoV[0]be worried about V-ingCH
                      • find morally worrysome, be ashamed of> SHAME
                      • judgemental> DISSATISFIED
                        • vadNaggrieved, annoyed
                        • vt+V[0]be deeply dissatisfied with (V-ing), be deeply dissatisfied that one V-s
                        • vtoNputativeregard as distressing, embarrassing or dissatisfying; feel and show strong dissatisfaction with
                        • vtoNPab{S}be deeply dissatisfied that, be deeply unhappy that
                        • vt(oN)be dissatisfied with the contextually determinate situation
                        • intensitive:emotional> HATE
                          • vt+V[0]{PASS}take exception to being V-ed
                          • vtoNfeel offended by; be enraged; take exception to
                          • vtoNab{S}hate that SCH
                        • declarative:intellectual> CRITICISE
                          • vtoNfind fault with

              Additional information about 病

              說文解字: 【病】，疾加也。从疒、丙聲。 【皮命切】

                Criteria
              • DISSATISFIED

                1. A general word for dissatisfaction of any kind, and for any reason, is hèn 恨 (ant. qiè 慊 / 愜 "be satisfied"), but this word is rare in ancient times, the current way of expressing this idea is to use bù yuè 不悅／說.

                2. Yàn 厭 / 饜 typically refers to dissatisfaction as a result of overexposure to something.

                3. Hàn 憾 refers to a nagging kind of lingering grievance or personal dissatisfaction.

                4. Bìng 病 refers to dissatisfaction as a result of a considered judgment that something is unreasonable or not right.

                NB: There are a number of poetic words for dissatisfaction, notably in CHUCI, which are hard to define in terms to synonym group contrasts.

              • ILLNESS

                1. From Warring States onwards the most current general word for illness was bìng 病, but in earlier times the word referred even more generally to troubles and difficulties of many kinds. This archaic usage did continue into later usage. When used specifically, bìng 病 refers to a lasting long-term medical condition. Interestingly, mental/emotional conditions tend to be bìng 病, perhaps because they are taken to be lasting and not acute.

                2. Jí 疾 is the oldest general word for illness, from OBI times onwards, and often this word continues to be used in this generalised way. But sometimes the word comes to refer more specifically to an acute short-term medical condition, adjectivally in jí bìng 疾病, and especially a change in medical condition, that can be very serious but is not normally construed as chronic. (Seasonal epidemiological conditions are also jí 疾.)

                3. Yàng 恙 is largely restricted to the common idiomatic formula wú yàng 無恙 "be in good health" and sometimes yǒu yàng 有恙 "have medical problems".

                4. Lì 癘 often refers to pest and the like, and comes to refer to any very serious disease. For specific meanings see also ILLNESSES.

              • HATE

                1. The dominant general word referring to intense dislike is wù 惡 (ant. ài 愛 "love") which can relate to all kinds of concrete or abstract objects.

                2. Yuàn 怨 is resentment due to identified concrete causes, and the emotion is typically directed towards superiors or equals.

                3. Zēng 憎 (ant. ài 愛 "love") is a rather mild and lingering form of resentment directed at a person.

                4. Jí 疾 / 嫉 can refer to intense personally focussed resentment.

                5. Jì 忌, jí 嫉, and dù 妒 refer to intense personal resentment typically occasioned by envy for some success in love (jealousy) or in politics.

                6. Hèn 恨 "nourish feelings of hatred" is relatively rare in this meaning in pre-Qin times, and it stresses the emotional aspect of hatred.

                7. Yàn 厭 "come to be fed up with" (ant. hào 好 "be fond of") is a resentment due to overexposure to some condition or to a person's behaviour.

                8. Fán 煩 "be irritated at, be annoyed with" refers to a dissatisfaction due to overexposure to some condition or to a person's behaviour.

                9. Kǔ 苦 "resent bitterly", huàn 患 "REGARD AS DISASTROUS> be upset by", and bìng 病 "feel profoundly offended" focus on resentment of some prevailing condition as insufferable and may be directed at responsible officials but not primarily in a personal way.

                10. Wàng 望 is archaising word typically referrring to resentment against superiors.

              • HEALTHY

                1. The most general word for good condition of health is jiàn 健 (ant. bìng 病 "sick").

                2. Wú yàng 無恙 is the general polite way of referring to good health.

                3. Kāng 康 and ān 安 are only occasionally used to refer to physical health.

                Word relations
              • Contrast: (WORRY)傷/WORRY
              • Assoc: (ILLNESS)疾/ILLNESS Jí 疾 is the oldest general word for illness and sometimes continues to be used in this generalised way, but the word often came to refer more specifically to an acute short-term medical condition, and especially a change in medical condition, that can be very serious but is not normally construed as chronic.
              • Assoc: (ILLNESS)羸/WEAK Léi 羸 (ant. jiàn 健 "strong and healthy") typically refers to physical weakness in humans. 3. Bào 薄 (ant. zhuàng 壯 "strong and vigorous") can refer to a low or weak intensity of something.