HATE    仇恨惡／怨

ENDURING ANGER AND DESIRE to HARM.
LOATHEDETESTDESPISEDISLIKEABHOREXECRATEBE REPELLED BYBE UNABLE TO BEAR/STANDFIND INTOLERABLERECOIL FROMSHRINK FROMFORMAL ABOMINATEHATREDLOATHINGDETESTATIONDISLIKEDISTASTEABHORRENCEABOMINATIONEXECRATIONAVERSIONHOSTILITYENMITYANIMOSITYANTIPATHYREVULSIONDISGUSTCONTEMPTODIUM
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The dominant general word referring to intense dislike is wù 惡 (ant. ài 愛 "love") which can relate to all kinds of concrete or abstract objects. 2. Yuàn 怨 is resentment due to identified concrete causes, and the emotion is typically directed towards superiors or equals. 3. Zēng 憎 (ant. ài 愛 "love") is a rather mild and lingering form of resentment directed at a person. 4. Jí 疾 / 嫉 can refer to intense personally focussed resentment. 5. Jì 忌, jí 嫉, and dù 妒 refer to intense personal resentment typically occasioned by envy for some success in love (jealousy) or in politics. 6. Hèn 恨 "nourish feelings of hatred" is relatively rare in this meaning in pre-Qin times, and it stresses the emotional aspect of hatred. 7. Yàn 厭 "come to be fed up with" (ant. hào 好 "be fond of") is a resentment due to overexposure to some condition or to a person's behaviour. 8. Fán 煩 "be irritated at, be annoyed with" refers to a dissatisfaction due to overexposure to some condition or to a person's behaviour. 9. Kǔ 苦 "resent bitterly", huàn 患 "REGARD AS DISASTROUS> be upset by", and bìng 病 "feel profoundly offended" focus on resentment of some prevailing condition as insufferable and may be directed at responsible officials but not primarily in a personal way. 10. Wàng 望 is archaising word typically referrring to resentment against superiors.
Modern Chinese Criteria
仇恨 憎恨 恨 憎惡 怨 怨恨 怨望 怨艾 怨尤 怨懟 怨恚 恚恨 惱恨 仇視 疾 交惡 怨毒 反目成仇 狹路相逢 懷恨 銜恨 記恨 抱恨 藏怒 挾嫌 抱恨終天 恨之入骨 恨入骨髓 痛心疾首 疾惡如仇 同仇敵愾 不共戴天 食肉寢皮 視如寇仇 憤世嫉俗 投畀豺虎 憤恨 憤毒 憤盈 痛恨 切齒痛恨 切齒腐心 咬牙切齒 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • MISANTHROPY　GENERALLY HATE ALL HUMANS AND THEIR CULTURES. (anc: 14/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • DESIREGOOD FEELING IN-RELATION-TO ONESELF concerning the FUTURE HAVING, CONTROLLING, or ACTING:doing SOMETHING DEFINED.
  • LOVEINTENSE AND OFTEN PARTIAL DESIRE to be INTIMATE with a PERSON OR to POSSESS a THING.
See also
  • WORRYDISTRESS CAUSED-BY THINKING about something PRESENT OR FUTURE, which is DANGEROUS OR DIFFICULT.
  • ANGUISHDISTRESS AND LACK of HOPE for IMPROVEment. 
Hypernym
  • ANGER　SUDDEN BAD FEELING (AND OFTEN the SHOWING of this FEELING) of HUMAN IN-RELATION-TO CREATURE AND IN-RELATION-TO an ACTION by THAT CREATURE which THAT HUMAN HATES.  (anc: 12/0, child: 1)
  • FEELING　NATURAL REACTION IN one's MIND. (anc: 11/0, child: 17)
  • REACT　CHANGE one's THINKING OR ACTING BECAUSE one is PERCEIVING something. (anc: 10/0, child: 5)
  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 511

  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 16.41

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    HATE

    odium refers to the feeling of hatred as something positive and deep-rooted.

    invidia refers to the feeling of hatred as a negative character, like disaffection, and as a temporary emotional disposition.

    inimicitia denotes any external and overt enmity which has its foundation in antipathy or disagreement.

    simultas refers to an exterior state characterised by hatred, political enmity which has its foundation in rivalry.

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 102

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 197/8

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    ODIUM

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 53

  • Dictionnaire explicatif et combinatoire du francais contemporain, vol. I ( Mel'cuk I) p. 106

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 163

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 0000

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 2.1530

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 5.1406

    MISANTHROPIE (FOR REFERENCE ONLY...)

  • Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik ( SCHMIDT 1889) p. 120

  • Democritus Ridens ( WEBER 1857) p. 5.167

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.306.269

    HAINE.AVERSION.ANTIPATHIE.REPUGNANCE; INIMITIE.RANCUNE; ABHORRER.DETESTER

  • New Dictiornary of the History of Ideas, 6 vols. ( HOROWITZ 2005) p.

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 49B

    ABNEIGUNG

    • Words (47 items)

    惡  wù OC: qaaɡs MC: ʔuo̝ 131 Attributions

    The dominant general word referring to intense dislike is wù 惡 (ant. ài 愛 "love") which can relate to all kinds of concrete or abstract objects.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 喜/DELIGHT Xǐ 喜 (ant. yōu 憂 "worry") is openly manifested delight, manifested in an individual, visible to all, but not normally of any profound significance.
    • Ant: 善/FRIEND
    • Ant: 好/DESIRE Hào 好 (ant.* yàn 厭 "be fed up with VPing") refers to a general strong, and strongly motivated, inclination in favour of something. 好戰 "is fond of warfare". xxx
    • Ant: 寵/LOVE Chǒng 寵 refers to enjoying the affections of a superior.
    • Ant: 悅 / 說/DELIGHT The general current word referring to the purely psychological notion of a transitory or temporary feeling of pleasure or delight is yuè 悅 (ant. yùn 慍 "feel intensely dissatisfied with, feel offended by").
    • Ant: 欲 / 慾/DESIRE The dominant standard word is yù 欲 (ant. fú 弗 "refused to, would not") which refers to any concrete - and typically temporary - intention or desire of any kind, irrespective how strongly motivated it is. 欲戰 "wants to fight".
    • Ant: 愛/LOVE The clearly dominant word referring to love is ài 愛 (ant. hèn 恨 "dislike"; rarely zēng 憎 "dislike"; and wù 惡 "hate"), and this word refers both to the feelings of love and to the expression of love in loving care for another person as well as in sexual relations. (Occasionally, the word may refer to the emotional preference that a small child feels for its parents. For this meaning see PREFER.)
    • Contrast: 怨/HATE Yuàn 怨 is resentment due to identified concrete causes, and the emotion is typically directed towards superiors or equals.
    • Assoc: 嫉 / 嫉 / 疾/HATE Jì 忌, jí 嫉, and dù 妒 refer to intense personal resentment typically occasioned by envy for some success in love (jealousy) or in politics.
    • Assoc: 疾/HATE Jí 疾 feel intense personally focussed resentment.
    • Assoc: 慍/ANGUISH Yùn 慍 (ant. yú 愉 "feel generally pleased") is lingering or lasting somewhat milder and more diffuse dissatisfaction or anguish. See ANGER. [OVERT], [LASTING]

      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychhatred; dislikes (versus likes); bad feelings; hating people
    • vt(oN)dislike the contextually determinate N
    • vt+prep+Nact hatefully towards
    • vt+prep+Ncausativecause to be hated by
    • vt+V[0]hate to
    • vtoNtake a hostile attitude towards, act hatefully towardsCH
    • vtoNgradedhate openly, detest, dislike strongly; LY 4.3: truly and properly dislike　甚惡"strongly dislike"
    • vtoNPab{S}hate it that, hate it when
    • vtoNPab{S}hate the very idea that S might happenLZ
    • vtoNpassivebe hated, be exposed to hatred
    • vtoNpsychhate (oneself)
    • vtpost-.VtoNhave relations of hatred with N
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2causativecause N1 to be hated by N2
    怨  yuàn OC: qons MC: ʔi̯ɐn 109 Attributions

    Yuàn 怨 is resentment due to identified concrete causes, and the emotion is typically directed towards superiors or equals.

      Word relations
    • Result: 詐/CHEAT Zhà 詐 (ant. què 愨 "honest") is a fraudulent act of cheating designed to harm the interests of others.
    • Ant: 德 / 得/GENEROUS Dé 德 and the rarer zé 澤 refer to graceful and spiritually inspiring munificence, typically from a person of supremely high status.
    • Ant: 悅 / 說/DELIGHT The general current word referring to the purely psychological notion of a transitory or temporary feeling of pleasure or delight is yuè 悅 (ant. yùn 慍 "feel intensely dissatisfied with, feel offended by").
    • Ant: 施/GENEROUS Shī 施 focuses on the very activity involved in generous treatment of others, and the subject of this activitiy is normally a person of superior status.
    • Epithet: 敵/ENEMY The general word for an enemy or opponent of any kind is dí 敵 (ant. yǒu 友 "friend") which can also often refer to mere competitors or adversaries.
    • Epithet: 讎/ENEMY Chóu 讎 (ant. yǒu 友 "friend") emphasises the intense emotional nature of the conflict between the enemies concerned.
    • Contrast: 惡/HATE The dominant general word referring to intense dislike is wù 惡 (ant. ài 愛 "love") which can relate to all kinds of concrete or abstract objects.
    • Assoc: 仇/HATE
    • Assoc: 望 / 望/HATE
    • Assoc: 恨/HATE
    • Assoc: 疾/HATE Jí 疾 feel intense personally focussed resentment.
    • Assoc: 苦/HATE
    • Assoc: 讎/HATE
    • Oppos: 德/PARTIAL

      Syntactic words
    • nab(post-N)resentment from the part of the contextually determinate NCH
    • nab.post-NN=objindignation or hatred directed against N
    • nab.t:+prep+Nindignation or hatred for
    • nabactresentful indignant behaviour against superiors
    • nabpassiveintense resentment sufferedCH
    • nabpsychindigation; intense resentment (typically against superiors)
    • v[adN]humanthe indignant and resentful onesLZ
    • vadNindignant, resentful (words, women etc); spiteful (words)
    • vichangebecome indignant, resentful
    • vt(oN)feel resentment against a contextually determinate person
    • vt+prep+Nstativefeel indignant resentful or hateful towards N
    • vt+prep+Sbe indignant or resentful that S (which can be a minor sentence and therefore hard to distinguish on any solid basis from a V)
    • vt[oN]be indignant against others; resentful (typically towards superiors), be full of indignation; be full of resentment to each other
    • vt[oN]hate one's superiorsCH
    • vtoNfeel a lasting aggressive indignation and hatred for (often superiors); feel intensely resentful about the fact that; resent; gear a grudge against
    • vtoNcausativecause to hate one> arouse indignation or resentment in
    • vtoNN=nonhuhate (actions etc)
    • vtoNPab{S}figurativebe indignant about S, resent that S
    • vtoNpassiveincur the resentment of
    • vtoNpsychresent (oneself)
    • vtoSbe resentful that S
    憎  zēng OC: tsɯɯŋ MC: tsəŋ 34 Attributions

    Zēng 憎 (ant. ài 愛 "love") is a rather mild and lingering form of resentment directed at a person.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 善/PRAISE Měi 美 and shàn 善 (all ant. wù 惡 "speak ill of") refer to the bringing out of positive, admirable or morally commendable aspects in something or someone through discourse.
    • Ant: 愛/LOVE The clearly dominant word referring to love is ài 愛 (ant. hèn 恨 "dislike"; rarely zēng 憎 "dislike"; and wù 惡 "hate"), and this word refers both to the feelings of love and to the expression of love in loving care for another person as well as in sexual relations. (Occasionally, the word may refer to the emotional preference that a small child feels for its parents. For this meaning see PREFER.)
    • Ant: 甘/DESIRE Gān 甘 derives its special force from the culinary meaning "have a taste for" and refers to any predilection, typically for material things.
    • Ant: 好/DESIRE Hào 好 (ant.* yàn 厭 "be fed up with VPing") refers to a general strong, and strongly motivated, inclination in favour of something. 好戰 "is fond of warfare". xxx
    • Ant: 好/LIKE The general words expressing preference is ài 愛, but the notion is often hard to distinguish from a preferential desire, and for the semantically closely related hào 好 see DESIRE.
    • Assoc: 慍/ANGER Yùn 慍 (ant. yì 懌 "feel perfectly pleased with something") is mild lingering indignation which may or may not be overt. See ANGUISH

      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychhatred, hate, rejection
    • vadNhateful, characterised by a tendency to hate
    • vt(oN)nonreferentialfeel and behave negatively towards people, hate peopleCH
    • vt+prep+Npassivebe disliked or hated; be disliked 憎於人
    • vt+V[0]hate to V
    • vtoNgradedshow comparative dislike for 甚憎
    • vtoNpassivebe detested
    • vtoNpsychdetest; harbour strong dislike
    仇  chóu MC: -- OC: -- 25 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 讎/HATE
    • Assoc: 怨/HATE Yuàn 怨 is resentment due to identified concrete causes, and the emotion is typically directed towards superiors or equals.

      Syntactic words
    • nabacthostility in practice, enmity in action; vendetta; hostile acts
    • nabpsychhatred
    • vadNhatefulCH
    • vtoNputativeregard as an enemy, hate
    讎  chóu OC: ɡju MC: dʑɨu 9 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 仇/HATE
    • Assoc: 怨/HATE Yuàn 怨 is resentment due to identified concrete causes, and the emotion is typically directed towards superiors or equals.

      Syntactic words
    • nab.tacthatred for N
    • vt(oN)resent the determinate object
    • vt+prep+Npassivebe hated, be abhorred
    • vtoNregard as an enemy of hostile competitor> abhor; feel enmity towards, feel hostile towards
    疾  jí OC: dzid MC: dzit 9 Attributions

    Jí 疾 feel intense personally focussed resentment.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 惡/HATE The dominant general word referring to intense dislike is wù 惡 (ant. ài 愛 "love") which can relate to all kinds of concrete or abstract objects.
    • Assoc: 怨/HATE Yuàn 怨 is resentment due to identified concrete causes, and the emotion is typically directed towards superiors or equals.

      Syntactic words
    • vadVfigurativewith hate, resentfully
    • vipsychbe full of hate
    • vt+prep+Nhate, resent
    • vtoNN=humanresent (somebody) intensely and personally
    • vtoNN=nonhuresent (something)
    • vtoSdetest it when (S)
    嫉  zì OC: dzids MC: dzi
    嫉  jí OC: dzid MC: dzit
    疾  jí OC: dzid MC: dzit 7 Attributions

    Jì 忌, jí 嫉, and dù 妒 refer to intense personal resentment typically occasioned by envy for some success in love (jealousy) or in politics.

      Word relations

      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychresentment
    • vtoNbe resentful of; resent (often but not always (cf. LY) out of envy); detest
    苦  kǔ OC: khaaʔ MC: khuo̝ 6 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 良/EXCELLENT The standard current general word for anything or anyone who naturally meets certain generally accepted high standards of excellence is liáng 良 (ant. liè 劣 "inferior").
    • Assoc: 怨/HATE Yuàn 怨 is resentment due to identified concrete causes, and the emotion is typically directed towards superiors or equals.

      Syntactic words
    • nsubj=nonhumanwhat is hateful or irritating and not conducive to one's purposes
    • vt+prep+Nfeel resentment towards, find irritating
    • vt+V[0]hate to V
    • vtoNgradedfind troublesome and irritating, dislike as something highly inconvenient 最苦
    憾  hàn OC: ɡooms MC: ɦəm 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychhatred; resentment
    • vadNhateful; resentful; full of hatred
    • vibe full of loathing; hatred, grievance; be indignant
    病  bìng OC: bɢraŋs MC: bɣaŋ 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]{PASS}take exception to being V-ed
    • vtoNfeel offended by; be enraged; take exception to
    • vtoNab{S}hate that SCH
    忮  zhì OC: kjes MC: tɕiɛ 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychresentmentLZ
    • vadNintensitivefull of resentmentCH
    • vibe full of resentment
    • vt+prep+Ncontinuativebe resentful with regard to; feel resentment regardingCH
    • vtoNarchaic and poetic: resent
    恨  hèn OC: ɡɯɯns MC: ɦən 5 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 欣 / 歆/DELIGHT Xīn 欣 refers to grateful delight in what is designed to gratify one's desires.
    • Contrast: 忿/ANGER Fèn 忿 (ant. yuè 說／悅 "feel not the slightest anger but on the contrary feel pleased") refers to momentary and intense anger, and it does not typically focus on an show of emotion. There is a difference of degree between nù 怒 "show (often great) anger (怒甚, 大怒) and fèn 忿 "be momentarily angry" (there is no dà fèn 大忿, fèn shèn 忿甚). Nù 怒 forms vtS, whereas fèn 忿 does not have that function. [INTENSE], [MOMENTARY], [PERSONAL]
    • Assoc: 忿/ANGER Fèn 忿 (ant. yuè 說／悅 "feel not the slightest anger but on the contrary feel pleased") refers to momentary and intense anger, and it does not typically focus on an show of emotion. There is a difference of degree between nù 怒 "show (often great) anger (怒甚, 大怒) and fèn 忿 "be momentarily angry" (there is no dà fèn 大忿, fèn shèn 忿甚). Nù 怒 forms vtS, whereas fèn 忿 does not have that function. [INTENSE], [MOMENTARY], [PERSONAL]
    • Assoc: 怨/HATE Yuàn 怨 is resentment due to identified concrete causes, and the emotion is typically directed towards superiors or equals.
    • Assoc: 恚/ANGER Huì 恚 is a general word for anger that is remarkably frequent in collocation with near-synonyms.

      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychhatred
    • vadNhateful
    • vt1post.vt2oNN=objhave very bad relations with, hate
    • vtoNdetest, dislike
    望  wàng OC: maŋs MC: mi̯ɐŋ
    望  (wáng) OC: maŋ MC: mi̯ɐŋ 4 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 怨/HATE Yuàn 怨 is resentment due to identified concrete causes, and the emotion is typically directed towards superiors or equals.

      Syntactic words
    • vipsychfeel resentment 怨望
    • vt+prep+Nfeel resentment against 怨望
    • vtoNresent
    憎惡  zēng wù OC: tsɯɯŋ qaaɡs MC: tsəŋ ʔuo̝ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPobjecthatred, what one hates
    嫌  xián OC: ɡleem MC: ɦem 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychhatred XUN: 一時之嫌
    • vtoNdespise and disapprove of
    • vtt(oN.)+V[0]dislike N as being V
    忌  jì OC: ɡɯs MC: gɨ 3 Attributions

    Jì 忌, jí 嫉, and dù 妒 refer to intense personal resentment typically occasioned by envy for some success in love (jealousy) or in politics.

      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]hate to V, dislike to V
    • vtoNabhor out of envy and/or fear
    怨恨  yuàn hèn OC: qons ɡɯɯns MC: ʔi̯ɐn ɦən 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe full of resentment
    可惡  kě wù MC: khaX 'uH OC: khlaalʔ qaaɡs 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeaturedetestabilityLZ
    郤  xì MC: khjaek OC: khaɡ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabfigurativerift; discordTW
    醜  chǒu OC: khljuʔ MC: tɕhɨu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychhatred
    • vtoNpassivebe hated; be exposed to hatred
    • vtoNputativedislike intensely, find appalling
    怨讎  yuàn chóu OC: qons ɡju MC: ʔi̯ɐn dʑɨu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPresentments and enmities
    厭  yàn OC: qems MC: ʔiɛm 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe hateful, be unpleasing 令你討厭
    • vtoNloathe, be hateful towards, resent
    不欲  bù yù OC: pɯʔ k-loɡ MC: pi̯ut ji̯ok 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+V[0]litotes: want to avoid V-ing; dislike V-ing
    • VPt+V[0]{PASS}hate to be V-ed, hate to have V-ing done to oneselfCH
    煩  fán OC: ban MC: bi̯ɐn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNirritated
    • vtoNto irritate (the mind)
    • vtoNpassivebe annoyed with, be irritated at
    尤嫉  yóu jí OC: ɢʷɯ dzid MC: ɦɨu dzit 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychresentment
    怨府  yuàn fǔ MC: 'jwonH pjuX OC: qons poʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPmetaphoricalstorehaus full of resentment; a place of concentrated resentmentDS
    可憎  kě zēng OC: khlaalʔ tsɯɯŋ MC: khɑ tsəŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPihateful, appalling
    怨疾  yuàn jí MC: 'jwonH dzit OC: qons dzid 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychresentmentLZ
    慍惡  yùn wù OC: quns qaaɡs MC: ʔi̯un ʔuo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPipsychbe full of resentment
    憎嫉  zēng jí OC: tsɯɯŋ dzid MC: tsəŋ dzit 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNbe resentful and jealous of
    怨責  yuàn zé OC: qons skreeɡ MC: ʔi̯ɐn ʈʂɣɛk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychresentment
    離疾  lí jí MC: lje dzit OC: b-rel dzid 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNget estranged and resentLZ
    厲厲焉  lì lì yān MC: ljejH ljejH hjen OC: b-rads b-rads ɢan 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVstative word that evokes the atmosphere of omnipresent hatredLZ
    不喜  bù xǐ MC: pjut xiX OC: pɯʔ qhɯʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(0)oNone hates N; all of us dislike NDS
    嫉恚  jí huì OC: dzid qʷes MC: dzit ʔiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychjealousy and resentment
    嫌恨  xián hèn OC: ɡleem ɡɯɯns MC: ɦem ɦən 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychill feelings
    嫉惡  jí wù OC: dzid qaaɡs MC: dzit ʔuo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNstativeresent intensely
    冤結  yuān jié MC: 'jwon ket OC: qon kiid 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabresentment at injustice sufferedCH
    憝  duì OC: duuls MC: duo̝i 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychresentment
    戕  qiāng OC: sɡaŋ MC: dzi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychdesire to injure
    仇怨  qiú yuàn OC: ɡu qons MC: gɨu ʔi̯ɐn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychresentment, enmity
    怨仇  yuàn qiú OC: qons ɡu MC: ʔi̯ɐn gɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPab{N1=N2}hatred, enmity; resentment of all kinds
    怨以  yuàn yǐ OC: qons k-lɯʔ MC: ʔi̯ɐn jɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVresentfully [???SURELY 以 GOES WITH WHAT FOLLOWS!!!CH]
    望望然  wàng wàng rán OC: maŋs maŋs njen MC: mi̯ɐŋ mi̯ɐŋ ȵiɛn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVintensitivewith great aversion
    作惡  zuò wù MC: tsuH 'uH OC: tsaaɡ qaaɡs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactivity on the basis of one's personal dislikesLZ
    妒  dù OC: k-laas MC: tuo̝ 0 Attributions

    Jì 忌, jí 嫉, and dù 妒 refer to intense personal resentment typically occasioned by envy for some success in love (jealousy) or in politics.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNresent (typically out of jealousy)[See JEALOUS][CA]
    不相能  bù xiāng néng OC: pɯʔ sqaŋ nɯɯŋ MC: pi̯ut si̯ɐŋ nəŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPi2hate each other; be unable to stand each other