ANGUISH    憤恨疾

DISTRESS AND LACK of HOPE for IMPROVEment. 
AGONYPAINTORMENTTORTURESUFFERINGDISTRESSANGSTMISERYSORROWGRIEFHEARTACHEDESOLATIONDESPAIR
Old Chinese Criteria
[IMPERSONAL/PERSONAL] [PRECISE/VAGUE] [POETIC/PROSAIC] [LASTING/TRANSITORY] 1. Jí 疾 (ant. kuài 快 "be delighted") is acute temporary or momentary anguish directed at a definite cause of dissatisfaction. See also HATE. [PRECISE], [TRANSITORY] 2. Yùn 慍 (ant. yú 愉 "feel generally pleased") is lingering or lasting somewhat milder and more diffuse dissatisfaction or anguish. See ANGER. The distinction is miserably uncertain in many contexts. [OVERT], [LASTING] 3. Fèn 憤 "pent-up dissatisfaction and resentment" (ant.* chàng 暢 "vent one's feelings freely" is not a regular antonym that is stylistically acceptable in parallelism) can be a general feeling of dissatisfaction without any concrete person to be dissatisfied about. See also ANGER. [COVERT], [IMPERSONAL], [INTENSE], [LASTING] 4. Chàng 悵 (ant. xīn rán 欣然 "be pleased with oneself") is poetic and intensely personal without being directed at any particular person, and involves a strong element of despondency. [INTENSE], [IMPERSONAL], [LASTING], [POETIC]; [[RARE]]
Modern Chinese Criteria
煩悶 煩心 糟心 煩亂 煩躁 煩惱 煩擾 憂煩 憂悶 沉悶 苦悶 鬱悶 愁悶 憋悶 悶氣 憋氣 窩囊 窩憋 不快 不快意憋 堵 煩 悶 苦惱 抑鬱 鬱悒 沉鬱 窩心 憤懣 first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis 18.11.2003. CH/
Antonym
  • DELIGHTINTENSELY GOOD FEELING IN-RELATION-TO something NOW.*The joy of the enjoyer X over something enjoyed Y.
See also
  • SADDISTRESS ARISING from BAD THOUGHTS NOW IN ONE'S MIND which CAUSE one to LACK DELIGHT:joy.NB: The words I have chosen to include in this group pose special problems of contrastive analysis. There is something irretrievably diffuse about their usage, in many cases, and in many others the number of relevant examples in the early literature is so small that it is impossible to get anything like a firm grip on their precise semantics. Under these circumstances I have tried to compensate for lack of neat analysis with more quotation, especially from Chǔcí. Throughout this section I quote my teacher David Hawkes' translations, mindful of the fact that many of these were written in the third year of his study of Chinese...
  • HATEENDURING ANGER AND DESIRE to HARM.
  • PAINDISTRESS CAUSED by a BAD SITUATION in one's BODY.
  • ANGERSUDDEN BAD FEELING (AND OFTEN the SHOWING of this FEELING) of HUMAN IN-RELATION-TO CREATURE AND IN-RELATION-TO an ACTION by THAT CREATURE which THAT HUMAN HATES. 
Hypernym
  • DISTRESS　FEELING that one's SELF:own SITUATION IS INTENSELY BAD. (anc: 12/0, child: 5)
  • FEELING　NATURAL REACTION IN one's MIND. (anc: 11/0, child: 17)
  • REACT　CHANGE one's THINKING OR ACTING BECAUSE one is PERCEIVING something. (anc: 10/0, child: 5)

Words (18 items)

發憤  fā fèn OC: pod bɯnʔ MC: pi̯ɐt bi̯un 13 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • VPiexpress one's anguish; vent one's grievancesCH
  • VPipsychfeel anguish
  • VPt+prep+Nexpress one's anguish to N
慍  yùn OC: quns MC: ʔi̯un 13 Attributions

Yùn 慍 (ant. yú 愉 "feel generally pleased") is lingering or lasting somewhat milder and more diffuse dissatisfaction or anguish. See ANGER. [OVERT], [LASTING]

    Word relations
  • Ant: 喜/DELIGHT Xǐ 喜 (ant. yōu 憂 "worry") is openly manifested delight, manifested in an individual, visible to all, but not normally of any profound significance.
  • Assoc: 惡/HATE The dominant general word referring to intense dislike is wù 惡 (ant. ài 愛 "love") which can relate to all kinds of concrete or abstract objects.

    Syntactic words
  • nabpsychindignation
  • vadNindignant 慍色
  • vadVindignantly, full of indignation
  • vitransitivefeel resentment or indignation; feel offended; show lingering anger and resentment; show indignation
  • vtoNpassivebe resented by
憤  fèn OC: bɯnʔ MC: bi̯un 13 Attributions

Fèn 憤 "pent-up dissatisfaction and resentment" (ant.* chàng 暢 "vent one's feelings freely" is not a regular antonym that is stylistically acceptable in parallelism) can be a general feeling of dissatisfaction without any concrete person or matter to be dissatisfied about. See also ANGER. [COVERT], [IMPERSONAL], [INTENSE], [LASTING]

    Word relations
  • Ant: 樂/DELIGHT The equally current lè 樂 (ant. āi 哀 "grief") adds to yuè 悅 the dimensions of practical indulgence, psychological and often philosophical depth, and - very often - a dimension of joy that can be shared and appreciated by others, and that is typically lasting if not permanent. See ENJOY

    Syntactic words
  • nabpsychanguish;pent-up anger
  • vi.redfeel strongly anguished, be full of pent-up anger
  • vipsychfeel pent-up dissatisfaction, feel indignation and unreleased anger; feel pent-up frustration; indignation
  • vt+prep+Ncause anguish in NCH
  • vtoNcausativecause to become anguished
悵  chàng OC: khrlaŋs MC: ʈhi̯ɐŋ 6 Attributions

Chàng 悵 (ant. xīn rán 欣然 "be pleased with oneself") is poetic and intensely personal without being directed at any particular person, and involves a strong element of despondency. [INTENSE], [LASTING], [POETIC]; [[RARE]]

    Syntactic words
  • vidisheartened and despondent
  • vi-P.adVin a distressed way
疾  jí OC: dzid MC: dzit 5 Attributions

Jí 疾 (ant. kuài 快 "be delighted") is acute temporary or momentary anguish directed at a definite cause of dissatisfaction. [PRECISE], [TRANSITORY]

    Syntactic words
  • vadNacutely anguished
  • vichangefeel acute anguish
  • vtoNcausativecause to be feel anguished; arouse the resentment of
  • vtoNstativefeel acute anguish against
疾怨  jí yuàn OC: dzid qons MC: dzit ʔi̯ɐn 4 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • VPt[oN]intensitivefeel anguished resentment
  • VPtoNstativefeel all sorts of aguished resentment against
傷  shāng MC: syang OC: lʰaŋCH 2 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • vibe anguishedCH
傷  shāng MC: syang OC: lʰaŋCH 2 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • vibe anguishedCH
愁毒  chóu dú OC: dzriw duuɡ MC: ɖʐɨu duok 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • NPabpsychdistress and resentment
怊  chāo OC: khrlew MC: ʈhiɛu 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • vipoetic and very rare in isolation: feel miserable, helpless, and dispirited (as a child that has lost his/her mother)
悁  yuān OC: qʷlen MC: ʔiɛn 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • vifeel anguished and unhappy
氣  qì MC: khj+jH OC: khɯdsCH 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • nabanguishCH
繫  xì OC: ɡeeɡs MC: ɦei 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNfeel anguished in (one's mind) 繫心
怊悵  chāo chàng OC: khrlew khrlaŋs MC: ʈhiɛu ʈhi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • vvistativeanguished and discontented
悱悱  fěi fěi OC: phɯlʔ phɯlʔ MC: phɨi phɨi 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • vi.redbe anguished to the point of speechlessness, be dumbfounded by anguish
憤懣  fèn mèn OC: bɯnʔ mbuuns MC: bi̯un muo̝n 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • VPipsychfeel strong anguish
惘  wǎng OC: maŋʔ MC: mi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • vifeel disheartened, despondent and confused, anguished and bewildered
懣  mèn OC: mbuuns MC: muo̝n 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • vibe intensely dissatisfied