ANGUISH 憤恨疾
DISTRESS AND LACK of HOPE for IMPROVEment.
AGONYPAINTORMENTTORTURESUFFERINGDISTRESSANGSTMISERYSORROWGRIEFHEARTACHEDESOLATIONDESPAIR
Antonym
- DELIGHTINTENSELY GOOD FEELING IN-RELATION-TO something NOW.*The joy of the enjoyer X over something enjoyed Y.
Hypernym
- DISTRESSFEELING that one's SELF:own SITUATION IS INTENSELY BAD.
See also
- SADDISTRESS ARISING from BAD THOUGHTS NOW IN ONE'S MIND which CAUSE one to LACK DELIGHT:joy.NB: The words I have chosen to include in this group pose special problems of contrastive analysis. There is something irretrievably diffuse about their usage, in many cases, and in many others the number of relevant examples in the early literature is so small that it is impossible to get anything like a firm grip on their precise semantics. Under these circumstances I have tried to compensate for lack of neat analysis with more quotation, especially from Chǔcí. Throughout this section I quote my teacher David Hawkes' translations, mindful of the fact that many of these were written in the third year of his study of Chinese...
- HATEENDURING ANGER AND DESIRE to HARM.
- PAINDISTRESS CAUSED by a BAD SITUATION in one's BODY.
- ANGERSUDDEN BAD FEELING (AND OFTEN the SHOWING of this FEELING) of HUMAN IN-RELATION-TO CREATURE AND IN-RELATION-TO an ACTION by THAT CREATURE which THAT HUMAN HATES.
Old Chinese Criteria
[IMPERSONAL/PERSONAL]
[PRECISE/VAGUE]
[POETIC/PROSAIC]
[LASTING/TRANSITORY]
1. Jí 疾 (ant. kuài 快 "be delighted") is acute temporary or momentary anguish directed at a definite cause of dissatisfaction. See also HATE.
[PRECISE], [TRANSITORY]
2. Yùn 慍 (ant. yú 愉 "feel generally pleased") is lingering or lasting somewhat milder and more diffuse dissatisfaction or anguish. See ANGER. The distinction is miserably uncertain in many contexts.
[OVERT], [LASTING]
3. Fèn 憤 "pent-up dissatisfaction and resentment" (ant.* chàng 暢 "vent one's feelings freely" is not a regular antonym that is stylistically acceptable in parallelism) can be a general feeling of dissatisfaction without any concrete person to be dissatisfied about. See also ANGER.
[COVERT], [IMPERSONAL], [INTENSE], [LASTING]
4. Chàng 悵 (ant. xīn rán 欣然 "be pleased with oneself") is poetic and intensely personal without being directed at any particular person, and involves a strong element of despondency.
[INTENSE], [IMPERSONAL], [LASTING], [POETIC]; [[RARE]]
[PRECISE/VAGUE]
[POETIC/PROSAIC]
[LASTING/TRANSITORY]
1. Jí 疾 (ant. kuài 快 "be delighted") is acute temporary or momentary anguish directed at a definite cause of dissatisfaction. See also HATE.
[PRECISE], [TRANSITORY]
2. Yùn 慍 (ant. yú 愉 "feel generally pleased") is lingering or lasting somewhat milder and more diffuse dissatisfaction or anguish. See ANGER. The distinction is miserably uncertain in many contexts.
[OVERT], [LASTING]
3. Fèn 憤 "pent-up dissatisfaction and resentment" (ant.* chàng 暢 "vent one's feelings freely" is not a regular antonym that is stylistically acceptable in parallelism) can be a general feeling of dissatisfaction without any concrete person to be dissatisfied about. See also ANGER.
[COVERT], [IMPERSONAL], [INTENSE], [LASTING]
4. Chàng 悵 (ant. xīn rán 欣然 "be pleased with oneself") is poetic and intensely personal without being directed at any particular person, and involves a strong element of despondency.
[INTENSE], [IMPERSONAL], [LASTING], [POETIC]; [[RARE]]
Modern Chinese Criteria
煩悶
煩心
糟心
煩亂
煩躁
煩惱
煩擾
憂煩
憂悶
沉悶
苦悶
鬱悶
愁悶
憋悶
悶氣
憋氣
窩囊
窩憋
不快
不快意憋
堵
煩
悶
苦惱
抑鬱
鬱悒
沉鬱
窩心
憤懣
first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis 18.11.2003. CH/
煩心
糟心
煩亂
煩躁
煩惱
煩擾
憂煩
憂悶
沉悶
苦悶
鬱悶
愁悶
憋悶
悶氣
憋氣
窩囊
窩憋
不快
不快意憋
堵
煩
悶
苦惱
抑鬱
鬱悒
沉鬱
窩心
憤懣
first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis 18.11.2003. CH/
Attributions by syntactic funtion
Attributions by text
- 論語 : 6
- 禮記 : 5
- 春秋左傳 : 4
- 淮南子 : 4
- 管子 : 4
- 韓非子 : 4
- 阮籍集四卷 : 3
- 韓詩外傳 : 3
- 楚辭 : 3
- 莊子 : 2
- 說苑 : 1
- 呂氏春秋 : 1
- 論衡 : 1
- 鹽鐵論 : 1
- 賢愚經 : 1
- 毛詩 : 1
- 孟子 : 1
- 史記 : 1
- 新論-漢-桓譚 : 1
- 祖堂集 : 1
Words
慍 yùn OC: quns MC: ʔi̯un 13 AttributionsWD
Yùn 慍 (ant. yú 愉 "feel generally pleased") is lingering or lasting somewhat milder and more diffuse dissatisfaction or anguish. See ANGER. [OVERT], [LASTING]
- Word relations
- Ant: 喜/DELIGHT
Xǐ 喜 (ant. yōu 憂 "worry") is openly manifested delight, manifested in an individual, visible to all, but not normally of any profound significance. - Assoc: 惡/HATE
The dominant general word referring to intense dislike is wù 惡 (ant. ài 愛 "love") which can relate to all kinds of concrete or abstract objects.
- Syntactic words
- nabpsychindignation
- vadNindignant 慍色
- vadVindignantly, full of indignation
- vitransitivefeel resentment or indignation; feel offended; show lingering anger and resentment; show indignation
- vtoNpassivebe resented by
憤 fèn OC: bɯnʔ MC: bi̯un 13 AttributionsWD
Fèn 憤 "pent-up dissatisfaction and resentment" (ant.* chàng 暢 "vent one's feelings freely" is not a regular antonym that is stylistically acceptable in parallelism) can be a general feeling of dissatisfaction without any concrete person or matter to be dissatisfied about. See also ANGER. [COVERT], [IMPERSONAL], [INTENSE], [LASTING]
- Word relations
- Ant: 樂/DELIGHT
The equally current lè 樂 (ant. āi 哀 "grief") adds to yuè 悅 the dimensions of practical indulgence, psychological and often philosophical depth, and - very often - a dimension of joy that can be shared and appreciated by others, and that is typically lasting if not permanent. See ENJOY
- Syntactic words
- nabpsychanguish;pent-up anger
- vi.redfeel strongly anguished, be full of pent-up anger
- vipsychfeel pent-up dissatisfaction, feel indignation and unreleased anger; feel pent-up frustration; indignation
- vt+prep+Ncause anguish in NCH
- vtoNcausativecause to become anguished
悵 chàng OC: khrlaŋs MC: ʈhi̯ɐŋ 6 AttributionsWD
Chàng 悵 (ant. xīn rán 欣然 "be pleased with oneself") is poetic and intensely personal without being directed at any particular person, and involves a strong element of despondency. [INTENSE], [LASTING], [POETIC]; [[RARE]]
- Syntactic words
- vidisheartened and despondent
- vi-P.adVin a distressed way
疾 jí OC: dzid MC: dzit 5 AttributionsWD
Jí 疾 (ant. kuài 快 "be delighted") is acute temporary or momentary anguish directed at a definite cause of dissatisfaction. [PRECISE], [TRANSITORY]
- Syntactic words
- vadNacutely anguished
- vichangefeel acute anguish
- vtoNcausativecause to be feel anguished; arouse the resentment of
- vtoNstativefeel acute anguish against
疾怨 jí yuàn OC: dzid qons MC: dzit ʔi̯ɐn 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt[oN]intensitivefeel anguished resentment
- VPtoNstativefeel all sorts of aguished resentment against
發憤 fā fèn OC: pod bɯnʔ MC: pi̯ɐt bi̯un 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPipsychfeel anguish
- vt+prep+Nexpress one's anguish to N
怊 chāo OC: khrlew MC: ʈhiɛu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vipoetic and very rare in isolation: feel miserable, helpless, and dispirited (as a child that has lost his/her mother)
悁 yuān OC: qʷlen MC: ʔiɛn 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vifeel anguished and unhappy
繫 xì OC: ɡeeɡs MC: ɦei 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNfeel anguished in (one's mind) 繫心
愁毒 chóu dú OC: dzriw duuɡ MC: ɖʐɨu duok 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabpsychdistress and resentment
惘 wǎng OC: maŋʔ MC: mi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vifeel disheartened, despondent and confused, anguished and bewildered
懣 mèn OC: mbuuns MC: muo̝n 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vibe intensely dissatisfied
怊悵 chāo chàng OC: khrlew khrlaŋs MC: ʈhiɛu ʈhi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vvistativeanguished and discontented
悱悱 fěi fěi OC: phɯlʔ phɯlʔ MC: phɨi phɨi 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vi.redbe anguished to the point of speechlessness, be dumbfounded by anguish
憤懣 fèn mèn OC: bɯnʔ mbuuns MC: bi̯un muo̝n 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPipsychfeel strong anguish
Existing SW for
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