SAD    悲傷悲

DISTRESS ARISING from BAD THOUGHTS NOW IN ONE'S MIND which CAUSE one to LACK DELIGHT:joy.NB: The words I have chosen to include in this group pose special problems of contrastive analysis. There is something irretrievably diffuse about their usage, in many cases, and in many others the number of relevant examples in the early literature is so small that it is impossible to get anything like a firm grip on their precise semantics. Under these circumstances I have tried to compensate for lack of neat analysis with more quotation, especially from Chǔcí. Throughout this section I quote my teacher David Hawkes' translations, mindful of the fact that many of these were written in the third year of his study of Chinese...
UNHAPPYSORROWFULDEJECTEDDEPRESSEDDOWNCASTMISERABLEDOWNDESPONDENTDESPAIRINGDISCONSOLATEDESOLATEWRETCHEDGLUMGLOOMYDOLEFULDISMALMELANCHOLYMOURNFULWOEBEGONEFORLORNCRESTFALLENHEARTBROKENINCONSOLABLEINFORMAL BLUEDOWN IN/AT THE MOUTHDOWN IN THE DUMPSBLAH
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general word for sadness of any kind is bēi 悲 (ant. huān 歡 "joyful" and xǐ 喜 "delighted"). 2. Yōu 悠 refers to a pensive listlessness, a wistful kind of sadness. 3. Qī 悽 (ant. lè 樂 "feel acute profound joy") refers to acute profound unhappiness. 4. Yù 鬱 (ant. xīn 欣 "in high spirits") refers to largely endogenic sadness or depression. 5. Shāng 傷 (ant. yuè 悅 "be pleased") refers to sadness caused by identifiable external conditions. 6. Cǎn 慘／憯 refers poetically to a kind of despondency. 7. Mǐn 閔 / 憫 is a very poetic word which typically refers to a kind of sadness that has external causes and can be close to compassion. 8. Chóu 愁 refers to an internalised sadness one is reluctant to show openly. 9. Qī 戚 / 慽 is an archaising elevated word for sadness that is common in poetry. 10. Qī chuàng 悽愴 refers to sadness typically associated with regret or even remorse. NB: The vocabulary of sadness in Chinese poses very special problems because it is to huge: in many cases I am quite unable to determine the exact nuances. This subject requires a special monograph.
Modern Chinese Criteria
悲痛 is a current word for intense sadness. 悲傷 is a current word for sadness as a feeling of being hurt. 悲慘 refers to sad and miserable circumstances of one's life or experience. 悲憤 refers to sadness with a tinge of indignation. 悲切 refers to something being heart-rendingly sad. 悽慘 refers to a general state of miserable sadness. 淒涼 refers to disconsolate sadness. 傷悲 傷心 傷感 熬心 難過 難受 悲 悲愴 憂傷 憂戚 惻然 淒然 淒淒 淒迷 淒惘 淒愴 淒惻 淒惶 愴惻 惻怛 惻惻 愀愴 慘 忉怛 怛怛 殷殷 不是味兒 不是滋味 如喪考妣 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • GRIEF　INTENSELY SAD IN-RELATION-TO a DEATH OR a BIG DISASTER. (anc: 14/0, child: 1)
  • MELANCHOLY　DELIGHT in one's OWN SADNESS IN-RELATION-TO ALL THINGS, this SADNESS LACKING CONCRETE CAUSE, AND being CULTIVATED IN ORDER TO OBTAIN OR SHOW WISDOM:higher-sensitivity. (anc: 14/0, child: 0)
  • DEPRESSED　INTENSELY SAD AND LACKING HOPE. (anc: 14/0, child: 0)
  • ALAS　EXCLAMATION EXPRESSing SADNESS OR REGRET.  (anc: 14/0, child: 0)
  • LONELY　SAD BECAUSE one is ALONE. (anc: 14/0, child: 0)
  • DISAPPOINTED　SAD BECAUSE something HOPED for in the PAST was NOT OBTAINED. (anc: 14/0, child: 0)
  • NOSTALGIAnew-129ed36e-6b27-49e2-9ed3-6e6b2789e241　YEARN for SITUATIONS IN the PAST as GOOD:better IN-RELATION-TO NOW:the-present. (anc: 14/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • DELIGHTINTENSELY GOOD FEELING IN-RELATION-TO something NOW.*The joy of the enjoyer X over something enjoyed Y.
  • HAPPYCOMPLETELY DELIGHTED with one's SELF:own LIFE.
See also
  • WORRYDISTRESS CAUSED-BY THINKING about something PRESENT OR FUTURE, which is DANGEROUS OR DIFFICULT.
  • WORRYDISTRESS CAUSED-BY THINKING about something PRESENT OR FUTURE, which is DANGEROUS OR DIFFICULT.
Hypernym
  • DISTRESS　FEELING that one's SELF:own SITUATION IS INTENSELY BAD. (anc: 12/0, child: 5)
  • FEELING　NATURAL REACTION IN one's MIND. (anc: 11/0, child: 17)
  • REACT　CHANGE one's THINKING OR ACTING BECAUSE one is PERCEIVING something. (anc: 10/0, child: 5)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 16.36

  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 94

    MAESTITIA, TRISITITIA

    Maestitia cordis est, tristitia vultus. (vultus is gentitive, "of the facial expression".

    568. Inter Tristitiam, et moestitiam. Moestitia cordis [col. 66C] est, tristitia vultus. Moestum ergo vel moerentem animo dicimus, tristem aspectu. Item moestitia temporis est, et fit aliquando ex aliquo accidenti dolore. Tristitia vero, vitium naturae perpetuum est.

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    INFELICITAS

    MOEROR

    TRISTITIA

  • Tolkovo-kombinatornyj slovar' sovremmenogo russkogo jazyka. Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian ( Mel'cuk 1984) p. 132ff

    beznadezhnost'

    beznadezhnyj

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 4.1601

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 24

  • Pulse Diagnosis in Early Chinese Medicine ( HSU 2010) p. 391

    悲

  • 跟我學同義詞 ( CAI SHAOWEI 2010) p. 56

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.92:64

    MALHEUREUX.MISERABLE

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.24:21

    AFFLICTION.CHAGRIN.PEINE; DOULEUR.CHAGRIN.TRISTESSE.AFFLICTION.DESOLATION

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.257.214

    CHAGRIN.TRISTESSE.MELACOLIE

  • 觀念的對比分析 ( YANG MINGTIAN 2009) p. 133

    TOSKA

    • Words (98 items)

    悲  bēi OC: prɯl MC: pi 52 Attributions

    The general word for sadness of any kind is bēi 悲 (ant. huān 歡 "joyful" and xǐ 喜 "delighted").

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 傷/SAD Shāng 傷 (ant. yuè 悅 "be pleased") refers to sadness caused by identifiable external conditions.
    • Assoc: 痛/PAIN The clearly dominant general word for physical pain is tòng 痛 (ant. shū 舒 "feel well" and wú yàng 無恙 "fail nothing").
    • Assoc: 哀/MOURNING Āi 哀 refers to engaging in mourning primarily for a near relative, but the word also has common extending meanings where it extends to any kind of grief. See GRIEF.

    • Pulse Diagnosis in Early Chinese Medicine ( HSU 2010) p. 392

      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychsadness
    • v[adN]nonreferentialthose who are sad; the sad
    • vadNsad, sorrowful
    • vadVsadly; mournfullyCH
    • vi(0)(this) is tragic! (this) is a pity! How tragic! [Note that it appears that the  omission of the subject is idiomatic, if not obligatory. Hence vi(0).]
    • vi0there will be griefCH
    • visubj=nonhumanbe tragic in quality; be sad to look at/think about
    • visubject=humanbe sad (of a person); feel sadness
    • vpostadVsadly
    • vtoNPab{S}be sad that S, be sad about S
    • vtoNpsychbe sad about (oneself), bemoan (oneself)
    • vtoNputativebe saddened by, find something depressing to think of, feel upset by
    • vtoSfeel deeply concerned about; feel sad aboutCH
    慼  qī OC: skhlɯɯwɡ MC: tshek
    戚  qī OC: skhlɯɯwɡ MC: tshek 8 Attributions

    Qī 戚/慽 is an archaising elevated word for sadness that is common in poetry.

      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychstate of sadness
    • vadNexpressive of sadness; sad
    • viactfeel and show intense distress
    愁  chóu OC: dzriw MC: ɖʐɨu 7 Attributions

    Chóu 愁 refers to an internalised sadness one is reluctant to show openly.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 悅 / 說/DELIGHT The general current word referring to the purely psychological notion of a transitory or temporary feeling of pleasure or delight is yuè 悅 (ant. yùn 慍 "feel intensely dissatisfied with, feel offended by").
    • Assoc: 痛/PAIN The clearly dominant general word for physical pain is tòng 痛 (ant. shū 舒 "feel well" and wú yàng 無恙 "fail nothing").
    • Assoc: 苦/DISTRESS Kǔ 苦 and the much rarer xīn 辛 (ant. lè 樂 "be in a joyful state") refer to a lasting objective state of distress caused by identifiable external conditions.

      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychmelancholy sadness
    • vadNsad, depressed, grievous
    • vadVsombrely
    • vibe worried and sad
    • vt+V/Nfeel depressed to V/about V-ing
    • vtoNcausativesadden, make depressed
    • vtoNpsychfeel depressed by
    悲夫  bēi fū MC: pij pju OC: prɯl pa 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPi Nab{S}{SUBJ}How sad it is that SCH
    • VPi0how sad!CH
    閔  mǐn OC: mrɯnʔ MC: min 5 Attributions

    Mǐn 閔/憫 is a very poetic word which typically refers to a kind of sadness that has external causes and can be close to compassion.

      Syntactic words
    • nsubjectwhat makes one sad> disconcerting or saddening episodes, sad things
    • vi.redbe quite sad; be disconcerted
    • vi.red:adNvery sad, disconcerted
    • vtoNPab{S}stativefeel sad that S
    • vtoSstativebe concerned that, be saddened by the fact that S, be disconcerted that S
    悠  yōu OC: k-lɯw MC: jɨu 5 Attributions

    Yōu 悠 refers to a pensive listlessness, a wistful kind of sadness.

      Syntactic words
    • visad and wistful, pensive
    • vi.redbe very wistful and sad
    悽愴  qī chuàng OC: shiil skhraŋs MC: tshei ʈʂhi̯ɐŋ 4 Attributions

    Qī chuàng 悽愴 refers to sadness typically associated with regret or even remorse.

      Syntactic words
    • VPadNsad, distressed, melancholic
    • VPipoeticfeel sad and distressed, be melancholic
    • VPt(oN)causativecause somebody to feel distressed and sad
    惆悵  chóu chàng OC: hɯw khrlaŋs MC: ʈhɨu ʈhi̯ɐŋ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychaffliction, dejectedness
    • VPistativesad and dejected
    悄  qiǎo OC: smʰewʔ MC: tshiɛu 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • virare and poectic: anxious and sad
    憂戚  yōu qī OC: qu skhlɯɯwɡ MC: ʔɨu tshek 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychsadness
    • VPipsychbe depressedLZ
    傷  shāng OC: lʰaŋ MC: ɕi̯ɐŋ 3 Attributions

    Shāng 傷 (ant. yuè 悅 "be pleased") refers to sadness caused by identifiable external conditions.

      Word relations
    • Result: 感/FEEL
    • Assoc: 悲/SAD The general word for sadness of any kind is bēi 悲 (ant. huān 歡 "joyful" and xǐ 喜 "delighted").

      Syntactic words
    • nabsadness, misery
    • vifeel hurt; feel very sad; also: feel love-sick
    • vtoNab{S}feel sad about S
    悽  qī OC: shiil MC: tshei 3 Attributions

    Qī 悽 (ant. lè 樂 "feel acute profound joy") refers to acute profound unhappiness.

      Syntactic words
    • vifeel and show sharp and acute inner pain
    • visubject=nonhumanbe plaintive; express mournfulnessCH
    惛  hūn OC: hmuun MC: huo̝n
    悶  mèn OC: mɯɯns MC: muo̝n 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viact in a depressed and gloomy fashion; grumble
    慘  cǎn OC: tshuumʔ MC: tshəm
    憯  cǎn OC: skhɯɯmʔ MC: tshəm 3 Attributions

    Cǎn 慘／憯 refers poetically to a kind of despondency.

      Syntactic words
    • vadVvery painfully, woefully
    • vifeel miserable and despondent; (of things:) cause one to be miserable, be woeful, painful
    感傷  gǎn shāng OC: koomʔ lʰaŋ MC: kəm ɕi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPimiddle voicebe moved to sadness
    • VPt+V[0]be saddened by the prospect of V-ing
    悠悠  yōu yōu OC: k-lɯw k-lɯw MC: jɨu jɨu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • n.red:abpsychgloomy vacant sadness
    悲戀  bēi liàn OC: prɯl b-rons MC: pi liɛn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychsadness, feeling of sadness, grief
    鬱  yù OC: qud MC: ʔi̯ut 2 Attributions

    Yù 鬱 (ant. xīn 欣 "in high spirits") refers to largely endogenic sadness or depression.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNsad; grieved; depressed
    • vibe mournful; be sad and oppressed 
    愁憂  chóu yōu OC: dzriw qu MC: ɖʐɨu ʔɨu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe sad and worried, be dissatisfied
    傷悲  shāng bēi OC: lʰaŋ prɯl MC: ɕi̯ɐŋ pi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe very sad
    幽憂  yōu yōu OC: qriw qu MC: ʔi̯u ʔɨu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabstativemelancholy
    怛  dá OC: taad MC: tɑt 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabdespairCH
    • nabdespairCH
    • vibe sad
    惙  chuò OC: krlod MC: ʈiɛt 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • virare: SHI 14: (my worried heart) is weary and sad
    • vi.redbe very sad
    憂  yōu OC: qu MC: ʔɨu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vifeel sad and preoccupied, feel disturbed, disquieted, tormented
    悲傷  bēi shāng OC: prɯl lʰaŋ MC: pi ɕi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNstativebe saddened by, feel sad about
    悲愁  bēi chóu OC: prɯl dzriw MC: pi ɖʐɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiintensitivebe very sad
    隱  yǐn OC: qɯnʔ MC: ʔɨn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • visad and glum
    • vtoNPab{S}feel sad about the fact that S
    悲憐  bēi lián OC: prɯl ɡ-riiŋ MC: pi len 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)feel sad and concerned about the contextually determinate object
    愁悒  chóu yì OC: dzriw qrɯb MC: ɖʐɨu ʔip 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe very sad
    愁悶  chóu mèn OC: dzriw mɯɯns MC: ɖʐɨu muo̝n 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe depressed
    愁悴  chóu cuì OC: dzriw sɡuds MC: ɖʐɨu dzi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe sad, be disgruntled
    愁惱  chóu nǎo OC: dzriw nuuʔ MC: ɖʐɨu nɑu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe unhappy
    愁憒  chóu kuì OC: dzriw kluuds MC: ɖʐɨu kuo̝i 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe sad to the point of being all confused
    蹙然  cù rán MC: tsjuwk nyen OC: sklɯwɡ njen 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVsadly, anxiouslyLZ
    憂悲  yōu bēi OC: qu prɯl MC: ʔɨu pi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]nonreferentialthe afflicted
    憔悴  qiáo cuì MC: dzjew dzwijH OC: dzew sɡuds 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe despondentCH
    憯怛  cǎn dá OC: skhɯɯmʔ taad MC: tshəm tɑt 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe very sad
    懇惻  kěn cè OC: khɯɯnʔ skhrɯɡ MC: khən ʈʂhɨk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe very sad HYDCD: 悲切；凄切。
    悲苦  bēi kǔ MC: pij khuX OC: prɯl khaaʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPpostadVtragically, very sadlyDS
    愁苦  chóu kǔ MC: dzrjuw khuX OC: dzriw khaaʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabbitter grief and sadnessCH
    吁  xū OC: qhʷla MC: hi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viSHI 3, poetic, rare: be openly sad and unhappy as well as confused; alas
    不慊  bù qiè MC: pjut zyik OC: pɯʔ -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabdissatisfaction, ill feeling; discontentCH
    隱隱  yǐn yǐn MC: 'j+nX 'j+nX OC: qɯnʔ qɯnʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi.redvery sadLZ
    幽  yōu OC: qriw MC: ʔi̯u 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNfigurativedark and sad (thoughts)
    思  sī OC: snɯ MC: sɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vimournful
    悴  cuì OC: sɡuds MC: dzi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vibe sad and despondent
    愍  mǐn OC: mrinʔ MC: min 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nsorrow
    • v-p.adVverb followed and modified by a suffix, that whose expression preceding and modifying a main verbCH
    • vipoetic: feel pain and sorrow about
    • vtoNfeel sad about
    慅  cǎo OC: tshuuʔ MC: tshɑu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viSHI 143: sad and disturbed
    慨  kài OC: khɯɯds MC: khɑi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychwistful sadness
    • vi-P.adVsadly, in a sad modeCH
    憫  mǐn OC: mrɯnʔ MC: min 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vibe grieved; be disappointed
    • vichangeto get disappointed
    懣  mèn OC: mbuuns MC: muo̝n
    懣懑  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vibe full of pent-up feelings of resentment and powerless sadness
    酸切  suān qiē, qiè OC: sqloon snʰiid MC: sʷɑn tshet 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPivery sad 悲切；凄切。
    燋  jiāo MC: tsjak OC: tsewɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi-P=憔 show acute sadnessCH
    忽忽  hū hū MC: xwot xwot OC: hmɯɯd hmɯɯd 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe very sad; be depressedDS
    悢悢  liàng liàng OC: ɡ-raŋs ɡ-raŋs MC: li̯ɐŋ li̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vi.redhapax legomenon: sad
    怮然  yōu rán OC: qriw njen MC: ʔi̯u ȵiɛn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viSHU, xinshu, rare: sad and worried
    蕭瑟  xiāo sè OC: sɯɯw sbriɡ MC: seu ʂɪt 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPistativewan and drear
    惝戃  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC:
    戃  tǎng OC: thaaŋʔ MC: thɑŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vidisheartened
    自憐  zì lián OC: sblids riin MC: dzi len 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPistativefeel sorry for oneself
    愴怳  chuǎng huǎng OC: skhraŋʔ qhʷaŋʔ MC: ʈʂhi̯ɐŋ hi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPistativedistraught
    慇慇  yīn yīn OC: qɯn qɯn MC: ʔɨn ʔɨn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNSHI 257, rare and poetic sad and despondent
    • viSHI 257, rare and poetic be sad and despondent
    摧藏  cuī cáng OC: sɡluul sɡaaŋ MC: dzuo̝i dzɑŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVheart-breakingly (DCD 6.838)
    • VPibe distraught; be heart-broken
    憯悽  cǎn qī OC: skhɯɯmʔ shiil MC: tshəm tshei
    慘悽  cǎn qī OC: tshuumʔ shiil MC: tshəm tshei 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPistativecurrent in CC: disheartened
    憭慄  liáo lì OC: ɡ-reew b-riɡ MC: leu lit
    憀慄  liáo lì OC: ɡ-rɯɯw b-riɡ MC: leu lit 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPistativepoetic: sad
    慘然  cǎn rán OC: tshuumʔ njen MC: tshəm ȵiɛn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVdespondently, sadly
    懭悢  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 Attributions

    kuànglǎng

      Syntactic words
    • VPistativerare, CC: despondent
    怫鬱  fú yù OC: bɯd qud MC: bi̯ut ʔi̯ut 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPistativepoetic, CC: feel gloomy and utterly depressed
    侘  chà OC: phrlaaɡs MC: ʈhɣɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe disappointed; forlorn
    倥  kǒng OC: khooŋʔ MC: khuŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPipoeticurgent > be troubled, afflicted, sad ?hapax legomenon?
    勞  láo OC: raaw MC: lɑu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vi.redbe troubled in one's heart
    不快  bù kuài OC: pɯʔ khʷraads MC: pi̯ut khɣɛi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPilitotesbe sad
    域  yù OC: ɢʷrɯɡ MC: ɦɨk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    弔  diào OC: teewɡs MC: teu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vifeel grieved by
    忳  tún OC: duun MC: duo̝n 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vifeel gloomy and confused
    怞  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 Attributions

    yóu

      Syntactic words
    • virare and poetic: sad and dejected
    恫  tōng OC: lʰooŋ MC: thuŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe sad
    悱  fěi MC: phj+jX OC: phɯlʔCH 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viintensitivebe intellectually upsetCH
    悱  fěi MC: phj+jX OC: phɯlʔCH 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viintensitivebe intellectually upsetCH
    惆  chóu OC: hɯw MC: ʈhɨu 0 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 悵/ANGUISH Chàng 悵 (ant. xīn rán 欣然 "be pleased with oneself") is poetic and intensely personal without being directed at any particular person, and involves a strong element of despondency. [INTENSE], [LASTING], [POETIC]; [[RARE]]

      Syntactic words
    • vi.redpoeticbe sad, melancholic, be full of regrets
    惸  qióng OC: ɡʷleŋ MC: giɛŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viSHI 192, rare and poetic: feel sad and isolated
    惻  cè OC: skhrɯɡ MC: ʈʂhɨk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vifeel hurt and sad, feel pangs of sadness
    愀  qiǎo OC: tshewʔ MC: tshiɛu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vichangesuddenly turn melancholic
    愴  chuàng OC: skhraŋs MC: ʈʂhi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 悽/SAD Qī 悽 (ant. lè 樂 "feel acute profound joy") refers to acute profound unhappiness.

      Syntactic words
    • vipoetic: sad and distressed
    憀  liáo OC: ɡ-rɯɯw MC: leu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • virare, poetic: worried, sad and pensive
    憱  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 Attributions

    cù

      Syntactic words
    • vidisappointed
    • vi-Pbe disappointed
    懃  qín OC: ɡlɯn MC: gɨn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe saddened
    懤  chóu OC: du MC: ɖɨu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNrare: be restlessly sad
    戾  lì OC: rɯɯds MC: lei
    悷  lì OC: rɯɯds MC: lei 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viCC, very rare: sad and disconsolate
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPi0how sad!CH
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe despondentCH
    敏  mǐn OC: mrɯŋʔ MC: min 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vi?? hapax legomenon??
    沮  jǔ OC: sɡaʔ MC: dzi̯ɤ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vidisheartened
    坎廩  kǎn lǐn OC: khoomʔ b-rɯmʔ MC: khəm lim 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPistativerare and poetic, CC: disappointed and depressed
    侘傺  chà chì OC: phrlaaɡs khrleds MC: ʈhɣɛ ʈhiɛi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPidesperate
    痗  mèi OC: mɯɯs MC: muo̝i 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vihapax legomenon: sad
    癙  shǔ OC: qhjaʔ MC: ɕi̯ɤ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • videjected and sad
    癢  yǎng OC: laŋʔ MC: ji̯ɐŋ
    痒  yǎng OC: k-laŋʔ MC: ji̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe in a melancholic state
    廓落  kuò luò OC: khʷaaɡ ɡ-raaɡ MC: khɑk lɑk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPistativerare, poetic: be in a desolate mental state