SAD 悲傷悲
DISTRESS ARISING from BAD THOUGHTS NOW IN ONE'S MIND which CAUSE one to LACK DELIGHT:joy.NB: The words I have chosen to include in this group pose special problems of contrastive analysis. There is something irretrievably diffuse about their usage, in many cases, and in many others the number of relevant examples in the early literature is so small that it is impossible to get anything like a firm grip on their precise semantics. Under these circumstances I have tried to compensate for lack of neat analysis with more quotation, especially from Chǔcí. Throughout this section I quote my teacher David Hawkes' translations, mindful of the fact that many of these were written in the third year of his study of Chinese...
UNHAPPYSORROWFULDEJECTEDDEPRESSEDDOWNCASTMISERABLEDOWNDESPONDENTDESPAIRINGDISCONSOLATEDESOLATEWRETCHEDGLUMGLOOMYDOLEFULDISMALMELANCHOLYMOURNFULWOEBEGONEFORLORNCRESTFALLENHEARTBROKENINCONSOLABLEINFORMAL BLUEDOWN IN/AT THE MOUTHDOWN IN THE DUMPSBLAH
Antonym
- DELIGHTINTENSELY GOOD FEELING IN-RELATION-TO something NOW.*The joy of the enjoyer X over something enjoyed Y.
- HAPPYCOMPLETELY DELIGHTED with one's SELF:own LIFE.
Hypernym
- DISTRESSFEELING that one's SELF:own SITUATION IS INTENSELY BAD.
See also
- WORRYDISTRESS CAUSED-BY THINKING about something PRESENT OR FUTURE, which is DANGEROUS OR DIFFICULT.
- WORRYDISTRESS CAUSED-BY THINKING about something PRESENT OR FUTURE, which is DANGEROUS OR DIFFICULT.
Hyponym
- GRIEF INTENSELY SAD IN-RELATION-TO a DEATH OR a BIG DISASTER.
- MOURNING GRIEF RITUALLY SHOWN.
- MELANCHOLY DELIGHT in one's OWN SADNESS IN-RELATION-TO ALL THINGS, this SADNESS LACKING CONCRETE CAUSE, AND being CULTIVATED IN ORDER TO OBTAIN OR SHOW WISDOM:higher-sensitivity.
- DEPRESSED INTENSELY SAD AND LACKING HOPE.
- ALAS EXCLAMATION EXPRESSing SADNESS OR REGRET.
- LONELY SAD BECAUSE one is ALONE.
- DISAPPOINTED SAD BECAUSE something HOPED for in the PAST was NOT OBTAINED.
- NOSTALGIA YEARN for SITUATIONS IN the PAST as GOOD:better IN-RELATION-TO NOW:the-present.
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general word for sadness of any kind is bēi 悲 (ant. huān 歡 "joyful" and xǐ 喜 "delighted").
2. Yōu 悠 refers to a pensive listlessness, a wistful kind of sadness.
3. Qī 悽 (ant. lè 樂 "feel acute profound joy") refers to acute profound unhappiness.
4. Yù 鬱 (ant. xīn 欣 "in high spirits") refers to largely endogenic sadness or depression.
5. Shāng 傷 (ant. yuè 悅 "be pleased") refers to sadness caused by identifiable external conditions.
6. Cǎn 慘／憯 refers poetically to a kind of despondency.
7. Mǐn 閔 / 憫 is a very poetic word which typically refers to a kind of sadness that has external causes and can be close to compassion.
8. Chóu 愁 refers to an internalised sadness one is reluctant to show openly.
9. Qī 戚 / 慽 is an archaising elevated word for sadness that is common in poetry.
10. Qī chuàng 悽愴 refers to sadness typically associated with regret or even remorse.
NB: The vocabulary of sadness in Chinese poses very special problems because it is to huge: in many cases I am quite unable to determine the exact nuances. This subject requires a special monograph.
2. Yōu 悠 refers to a pensive listlessness, a wistful kind of sadness.
3. Qī 悽 (ant. lè 樂 "feel acute profound joy") refers to acute profound unhappiness.
4. Yù 鬱 (ant. xīn 欣 "in high spirits") refers to largely endogenic sadness or depression.
5. Shāng 傷 (ant. yuè 悅 "be pleased") refers to sadness caused by identifiable external conditions.
6. Cǎn 慘／憯 refers poetically to a kind of despondency.
7. Mǐn 閔 / 憫 is a very poetic word which typically refers to a kind of sadness that has external causes and can be close to compassion.
8. Chóu 愁 refers to an internalised sadness one is reluctant to show openly.
9. Qī 戚 / 慽 is an archaising elevated word for sadness that is common in poetry.
10. Qī chuàng 悽愴 refers to sadness typically associated with regret or even remorse.
NB: The vocabulary of sadness in Chinese poses very special problems because it is to huge: in many cases I am quite unable to determine the exact nuances. This subject requires a special monograph.
Modern Chinese Criteria
悲痛 is a current word for intense sadness.
悲傷 is a current word for sadness as a feeling of being hurt.
悲慘 refers to sad and miserable circumstances of one's life or experience.
悲憤 refers to sadness with a tinge of indignation.
悲切 refers to something being heart-rendingly sad.
悽慘 refers to a general state of miserable sadness.
淒涼 refers to disconsolate sadness.
傷悲
傷心
傷感
熬心
難過
難受
悲
悲愴
憂傷
憂戚
惻然
淒然
淒淒
淒迷
淒惘
淒愴
淒惻
淒惶
愴惻
惻怛
惻惻
愀愴
慘
忉怛
怛怛
殷殷
不是味兒
不是滋味
如喪考妣
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
悲傷 is a current word for sadness as a feeling of being hurt.
悲慘 refers to sad and miserable circumstances of one's life or experience.
悲憤 refers to sadness with a tinge of indignation.
悲切 refers to something being heart-rendingly sad.
悽慘 refers to a general state of miserable sadness.
淒涼 refers to disconsolate sadness.
傷悲
傷心
傷感
熬心
難過
難受
悲
悲愴
憂傷
憂戚
惻然
淒然
淒淒
淒迷
淒惘
淒愴
淒惻
淒惶
愴惻
惻怛
惻惻
愀愴
慘
忉怛
怛怛
殷殷
不是味兒
不是滋味
如喪考妣
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
- A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages
(
BUCK 1988)
p.
16.36 - De differentiis
(
DIFFERENTIAE I)
p.
94 MAESTITIA, TRISITITIA
Maestitia cordis est, tristitia vultus. (vultus is gentitive, "of the facial expression".
568. Inter Tristitiam, et moestitiam. Moestitia cordis [col. 66C] est, tristitia vultus. Moestum ergo vel moerentem animo dicimus, tristem aspectu. Item moestitia temporis est, et fit aliquando ex aliquo accidenti dolore. Tristitia vero, vitium naturae perpetuum est.
- Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum
(
LANGIUS 1631)
p.
INFELICITAS
MOEROR
TRISTITIA
- Tolkovo-kombinatornyj slovar' sovremmenogo russkogo jazyka. Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian
(
Mel'cuk 1984)
p.
132ff beznadezhnost'
beznadezhnyj
- Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise
(
REY 2005)
p.
4.1601 - Using Chinese Synonyms
(
GRACE ZHANG 2010)
p.
24 - Pulse Diagnosis in Early Chinese Medicine
(
HSU 2010)
p.
391 悲
- 跟我學同義詞
(
CAI SHAOWEI 2010)
p.
56 - SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse
(
GIRARD 1769)
p.
2.92:64 MALHEUREUX.MISERABLE
- SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse
(
GIRARD 1769)
p.
2.24:21 AFFLICTION.CHAGRIN.PEINE; DOULEUR.CHAGRIN.TRISTESSE.AFFLICTION.DESOLATION
- SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse
(
GIRARD 1769)
p.
1.257.214 CHAGRIN.TRISTESSE.MELACOLIE
- 觀念的對比分析
(
YANG MINGTIAN 2009)
p.
133 TOSKA
Words
悲 bēi OC: prɯl MC: pi 52 Attributions
The general word for sadness of any kind is bēi 悲 (ant. huān 歡 "joyful" and xǐ 喜 "delighted").
- Word relations
- Assoc: 傷/SAD
Shāng 傷 (ant. yuè 悅 "be pleased") refers to sadness caused by identifiable external conditions. - Assoc: 痛/PAIN
The clearly dominant general word for physical pain is tòng 痛 (ant. shū 舒 "feel well" and wú yàng 無恙 "fail nothing"). - Assoc: 哀/MOURNING
Āi 哀 refers to engaging in mourning primarily for a near relative, but the word also has common extending meanings where it extends to any kind of grief. See GRIEF.
- Syntactic words
- nabpsychsadness
- v[adN]nonreferentialthose who are sad; the sad
- vadNsad, sorrowful
- vadVsadly; mournfullyCH
- vi(0)(this) is tragic! (this) is a pity! How tragic! [Note that it appears that the omission of the subject is idiomatic, if not obligatory. Hence vi(0).]
- vi0there will be griefCH
- visubj=nonhumanbe tragic in quality; be sad to look at/think about
- visubject=humanbe sad (of a person); feel sadness
- vpostadVsadly
- vtoNPab{S}be sad that S, be sad about S
- vtoNpsychbe sad about (oneself), bemoan (oneself)
- vtoNputativebe saddened by, find something depressing to think of, feel upset by
- vtoSfeel deeply concerned about; feel sad aboutCH
慼 qī OC: skhlɯɯwɡ MC: tshek
戚 qī OC: skhlɯɯwɡ MC: tshek 8 Attributions
Qī 戚/慽 is an archaising elevated word for sadness that is common in poetry.
- Syntactic words
- nabpsychstate of sadness
- vadNexpressive of sadness; sad
- viactfeel and show intense distress
愁 chóu OC: dzriw MC: ɖʐɨu 7 Attributions
Chóu 愁 refers to an internalised sadness one is reluctant to show openly.
- Word relations
- Ant: 悅 / 說/DELIGHT
The general current word referring to the purely psychological notion of a transitory or temporary feeling of pleasure or delight is yuè 悅 (ant. yùn 慍 "feel intensely dissatisfied with, feel offended by"). - Assoc: 痛/PAIN
The clearly dominant general word for physical pain is tòng 痛 (ant. shū 舒 "feel well" and wú yàng 無恙 "fail nothing"). - Assoc: 苦/DISTRESS
Kǔ 苦 and the much rarer xīn 辛 (ant. lè 樂 "be in a joyful state") refer to a lasting objective state of distress caused by identifiable external conditions.
- Syntactic words
- nabpsychmelancholy sadness
- vadNsad, depressed, grievous
- vadVsombrely
- vibe worried and sad
- vt+V/Nfeel depressed to V/about V-ing
- vtoNcausativesadden, make depressed
- vtoNpsychfeel depressed by
悠 yōu OC: k-lɯw MC: jɨu 5 Attributions
Yōu 悠 refers to a pensive listlessness, a wistful kind of sadness.
- Syntactic words
- visad and wistful, pensive
- vi.redbe very wistful and sad
閔 mǐn OC: mrɯnʔ MC: min 5 Attributions
Mǐn 閔/憫 is a very poetic word which typically refers to a kind of sadness that has external causes and can be close to compassion.
- Syntactic words
- nsubjectwhat makes one sad> disconcerting or saddening episodes, sad things
- vi.redbe quite sad; be disconcerted
- vi.red:adNvery sad, disconcerted
- vtoNPab{S}stativefeel sad that S
- vtoSstativebe concerned that, be saddened by the fact that S, be disconcerted that S
悲夫 bēi fū MC: pij pju OC: prɯl paCH 5 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPi Nab{S}{SUBJ}How sad it is that SCH
- VPi0how sad!CH
悄 qiǎo OC: smʰewʔ MC: tshiɛu 4 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- virare and poectic: anxious and sad
悽愴 qī chuàng OC: shiil skhraŋs MC: tshei ʈʂhi̯ɐŋ 4 Attributions
Qī chuàng 悽愴 refers to sadness typically associated with regret or even remorse.
- Syntactic words
- VPadNsad, distressed, melancholic
- VPipoeticfeel sad and distressed, be melancholic
- VPt(oN)causativecause somebody to feel distressed and sad
惆悵 chóu chàng OC: hɯw khrlaŋs MC: ʈhɨu ʈhi̯ɐŋ 4 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NPabpsychaffliction, dejectedness
- VPistativesad and dejected
怛 dá OC: taad MC: tɑt 3 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nabdespairCH
- nabdespairCH
- vibe sad
悽 qī OC: shiil MC: tshei 3 Attributions
Qī 悽 (ant. lè 樂 "feel acute profound joy") refers to acute profound unhappiness.
- Syntactic words
- vifeel and show sharp and acute inner pain
- visubject=nonhumanbe plaintive; express mournfulnessCH
惛 hūn OC: hmuun MC: huo̝n
悶 mèn OC: mɯɯns MC: muo̝n 3 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- viact in a depressed and gloomy fashion; grumble
慘 cǎn OC: tshuumʔ MC: tshəm
憯 cǎn OC: skhɯɯmʔ MC: tshəm 3 Attributions
Cǎn 慘／憯 refers poetically to a kind of despondency.
- Syntactic words
- vadVvery painfully, woefully
- vifeel miserable and despondent; (of things:) cause one to be miserable, be woeful, painful
憂戚 yōu qī OC: qu skhlɯɯwɡ MC: ʔɨu tshek 3 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NPabpsychsadness
- VPipsychbe depressedLZ
傷 shāng OC: lʰaŋ MC: ɕi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions
Shāng 傷 (ant. yuè 悅 "be pleased") refers to sadness caused by identifiable external conditions.
- Word relations
- Result: 感/FEEL
- Assoc: 悲/SAD
The general word for sadness of any kind is bēi 悲 (ant. huān 歡 "joyful" and xǐ 喜 "delighted").
- Syntactic words
- nabsadness, misery
- vifeel sad; feel love-sick
- vtoNab{S}feel sad about S
惙 chuò OC: krlod MC: ʈiɛt 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- virare: SHI 14: (my worried heart) is weary and sad
- vi.redbe very sad
鬱 yù OC: qud MC: ʔi̯ut 2 Attributions
Yù 鬱 (ant. xīn 欣 "in high spirits") refers to largely endogenic sadness or depression.
- Syntactic words
- vadNsad; grieved; depressed
- vibe mournful; be sad and oppressed
傷悲 shāng bēi OC: lʰaŋ prɯl MC: ɕi̯ɐŋ pi 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPibe very sad
幽憂 yōu yōu OC: qriw qu MC: ʔi̯u ʔɨu 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nabstativemelancholy
悠悠 yōu yōu OC: k-lɯw k-lɯw MC: jɨu jɨu 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- n.red:abpsychgloomy vacant sadness
悲戀 bēi liàn OC: prɯl b-rons MC: pi liɛn 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NPabpsychsadness, feeling of sadness, grief
感傷 gǎn shāng OC: koomʔ lʰaŋ MC: kəm ɕi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPimiddle voicebe moved to sadness
- VPt+V[0]be saddened by the prospect of V-ing
愁憂 chóu yōu OC: dzriw qu MC: ɖʐɨu ʔɨu 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPibe sad and worried, be dissatisfied
憂 yōu OC: qu MC: ʔɨu 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vifeel sad and preoccupied, feel disturbed, disquieted, tormented
吁 xū OC: qhʷla MC: hi̯o 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- viSHI 3, poetic, rare: be openly sad and unhappy as well as confused; alas
幽 yōu OC: qriw MC: ʔi̯u 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- vadNfigurativedark and sad (thoughts)
悴 cuì OC: sɡuds MC: dzi 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- vibe sad and despondent
愍 mǐn OC: mrinʔ MC: min 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- nsorrow
- v-p.adVverb followed and modified by a suffix, that whose expression preceding and modifying a main verbCH
- vipoetic: feel pain and sorrow about
- vtoNfeel sad about
慨 kài OC: khɯɯds MC: khɑi 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- nabpsychwistful sadness
- vi-P.adVsadly, in a sad modeCH
慅 cǎo OC: tshuuʔ MC: tshɑu 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- viSHI 143: sad and disturbed
憫 mǐn OC: mrɯnʔ MC: min 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- vibe grieved; be disappointed
- vichangeto get disappointed
懣 mèn OC: mbuuns MC: muo̝n
懣懑 Click here to add pinyin OC: MC: 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- vibe full of pent-up feelings of resentment and powerless sadness
隱 yǐn OC: qɯnʔ MC: ʔɨn 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- visad and glum
- vtoNPab{S}feel sad about the fact that S
悲傷 bēi shāng OC: prɯl lʰaŋ MC: pi ɕi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNstativebe saddened by, feel sad about
悲憐 bēi lián OC: prɯl ɡ-riiŋ MC: pi len 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- vt(oN)feel sad and concerned about the contextually determinate object
悲愁 bēi chóu OC: prɯl dzriw MC: pi ɖʐɨu 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPiintensitivebe very sad
愁悒 chóu yì OC: dzriw qrɯb MC: ɖʐɨu ʔip 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPibe very sad
愁悴 chóu cuì OC: dzriw sɡuds MC: ɖʐɨu dzi 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPibe sad, be disgruntled
愁悶 chóu mèn OC: dzriw mɯɯns MC: ɖʐɨu muo̝n 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPibe depressed
愁惱 chóu nǎo OC: dzriw nuuʔ MC: ɖʐɨu nɑu 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPibe unhappy
愁憒 chóu kuì OC: dzriw kluuds MC: ɖʐɨu kuo̝i 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPibe sad to the point of being all confused
憂悲 yōu bēi OC: qu prɯl MC: ʔɨu pi 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VP[adN]nonreferentialthe afflicted
憯怛 cǎn dá OC: skhɯɯmʔ taad MC: tshəm tɑt 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPibe very sad
懇惻 kěn cè OC: khɯɯnʔ skhrɯɡ MC: khən ʈʂhɨk 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPibe very sad HYDCD: 悲切；凄切。
酸切 suān qiē, qiè OC: sqloon snʰiid MC: sʷɑn tshet 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPivery sad 悲切；凄切。
思 sī OC: snɯ MC: sɨ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- vimournful
憔悴 qiáo cuì MC: dzjew dzwijH OC: dzew sɡudsCH 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPibe despondentCH
愁苦 chóu kǔ MC: dzrjuw khuX OC: dzriw khaaʔCH 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NPabbitter grief and sadnessCH
燋 jiāo MC: tsjak OC: tsewɡCH 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- vi-P=憔 show acute sadnessCH
隱隱 yǐn yǐn MC: 'j+nX 'j+nX OC: qɯnʔ qɯnʔLZ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- vi.redvery sadLZ
蹙然 cù rán MC: tsjuwk nyen OC: sklɯwɡ njenLZ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPadVsadly, anxiouslyLZ
忽忽 hū hū MC: xwot xwot OC: hmɯɯd hmɯɯdDS 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPibe very sad; be depressedDS
悲苦 bēi kǔ MC: pij khuX OC: prɯl khaaʔDS 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPpostadVtragically, very sadlyDS
不慊 bù qiè MC: pjut zyik OC: pɯʔ --CH 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NPabdissatisfaction, ill feeling; discontentCH
侘 chà OC: phrlaaɡs MC: ʈhɣɛ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vibe disappointed; forlorn
勞 láo OC: raaw MC: lɑu 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vi.redbe troubled in one's heart
域 yù OC: ɢʷrɯɡ MC: ɦɨk 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
弔 diào OC: teewɡs MC: teu 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vifeel grieved by
忳 tún OC: duun MC: duo̝n 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vifeel gloomy and confused
怞 Click here to add pinyin OC: MC: 0 Attributions
yóu
- Syntactic words
- virare and poetic: sad and dejected
恫 tōng OC: lʰooŋ MC: thuŋ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vibe sad
惝戃 Click here to add pinyin OC: MC:
戃 tǎng OC: thaaŋʔ MC: thɑŋ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vidisheartened
惆 chóu OC: hɯw MC: ʈhɨu 0 Attributions
- Word relations
- Assoc: 悵/ANGUISH
Chàng 悵 (ant. xīn rán 欣然 "be pleased with oneself") is poetic and intensely personal without being directed at any particular person, and involves a strong element of despondency. [INTENSE], [LASTING], [POETIC]; [[RARE]]
- Syntactic words
- vi.redpoeticbe sad, melancholic, be full of regrets
戾 lì OC: rɯɯds MC: lei
悷 lì OC: rɯɯds MC: lei 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- viCC, very rare: sad and disconsolate
惻 cè OC: skhrɯɡ MC: ʈʂhɨk 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vifeel hurt and sad, feel pangs of sadness
愀 qiǎo OC: tshewʔ MC: tshiɛu 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vichangesuddenly turn melancholic
惸 qióng OC: ɡʷleŋ MC: giɛŋ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- viSHI 192, rare and poetic: feel sad and isolated
愴 chuàng OC: skhraŋs MC: ʈʂhi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
- Word relations
- Assoc: 悽/SAD
Qī 悽 (ant. lè 樂 "feel acute profound joy") refers to acute profound unhappiness.
- Syntactic words
- vipoetic: sad and distressed
憀 liáo OC: ɡ-rɯɯw MC: leu 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- virare, poetic: worried, sad and pensive
憱 Click here to add pinyin OC: MC: 0 Attributions
cù
- Syntactic words
- vidisappointed
- vi-Pbe disappointed
懃 qín OC: ɡlɯn MC: gɨn 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vibe saddened
懤 chóu OC: du MC: ɖɨu 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vtoNrare: be restlessly sad
敏 mǐn OC: mrɯŋʔ MC: min 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vi?? hapax legomenon??
沮 jǔ OC: sɡaʔ MC: dzi̯ɤ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vidisheartened
癢 yǎng OC: laŋʔ MC: ji̯ɐŋ
痒 yǎng OC: k-laŋʔ MC: ji̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vibe in a melancholic state
痗 mèi OC: mɯɯs MC: muo̝i 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vihapax legomenon: sad
癙 shǔ OC: qhjaʔ MC: ɕi̯ɤ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- videjected and sad
不快 bù kuài OC: pɯʔ khʷraads MC: pi̯ut khɣɛi 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPilitotesbe sad
侘傺 chà chì OC: phrlaaɡs khrleds MC: ʈhɣɛ ʈhiɛi 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPidesperate
倥 kǒng OC: khooŋʔ MC: khuŋ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPipoeticurgent > be troubled, afflicted, sad ?hapax legomenon?
坎廩 kǎn lǐn OC: khoomʔ b-rɯmʔ MC: khəm lim 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPistativerare and poetic, CC: disappointed and depressed
廓落 kuò luò OC: khʷaaɡ ɡ-raaɡ MC: khɑk lɑk 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPistativerare, poetic: be in a desolate mental state
怫鬱 fú yù OC: bɯd qud MC: bi̯ut ʔi̯ut 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPistativepoetic, CC: feel gloomy and utterly depressed
怮然 yōu rán OC: qriw njen MC: ʔi̯u ȵiɛn 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- viSHU, xinshu, rare: sad and worried
悢悢 liàng liàng OC: ɡ-raŋs ɡ-raŋs MC: li̯ɐŋ li̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vi.redhapax legomenon: sad
慇慇 yīn yīn OC: qɯn qɯn MC: ʔɨn ʔɨn 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vadNSHI 257, rare and poetic sad and despondent
- viSHI 257, rare and poetic be sad and despondent
愴怳 chuǎng huǎng OC: skhraŋʔ qhʷaŋʔ MC: ʈʂhi̯ɐŋ hi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPistativedistraught
憭慄 liáo lì OC: ɡ-reew b-riɡ MC: leu lit
憀慄 liáo lì OC: ɡ-rɯɯw b-riɡ MC: leu lit 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPistativepoetic: sad
憯悽 cǎn qī OC: skhɯɯmʔ shiil MC: tshəm tshei
慘悽 cǎn qī OC: tshuumʔ shiil MC: tshəm tshei 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPistativecurrent in CC: disheartened
慘然 cǎn rán OC: tshuumʔ njen MC: tshəm ȵiɛn 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPadVdespondently, sadly
懭悢 Click here to add pinyin OC: MC: 0 Attributions
kuànglǎng
- Syntactic words
- VPistativerare, CC: despondent
摧藏 cuī cáng OC: sɡluul sɡaaŋ MC: dzuo̝i dzɑŋ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPadVheart-breakingly (DCD 6.838)
- VPibe distraught; be heart-broken
自憐 zì lián OC: sblids riin MC: dzi len 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPistativefeel sorry for oneself
蕭瑟 xiāo sè OC: sɯɯw sbriɡ MC: seu ʂɪt 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPistativewan and drear
Click here to add pinyin MC: OC: CH 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPi0how sad!CH
Click here to add pinyin MC: OC: CH 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPibe despondentCH
Existing SW for
Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database: