GENEROUS 恩惠惠
HABITUALLY GIVE of one's WEALTH to THOSE WHO NEED it.
GENEROSITYLIBERALLAVISHMAGNANIMOUSMUNIFICENTGIVINGOPENHANDEDFREE-HANDEDBOUNTIFULUNSELFISHUNGRUDGINGFREEINDULGENTPRODIGALLITERARY BOUNTEOUSLIBERALITYLAVISHNESSMAGNANIMITYMUNIFICENCEOPENHANDEDNESSFREE-HANDEDNESSUNSELFISHNESSKINDNESSBENEVOLENCEALTRUISMCHARITYBIG-HEARTEDNESSGOODNESSLITERARY BOUNTEOUSNESS
Antonym
- FRUGALMODERATE in USING MONEY AND PROPERTY.
- PUNISHRESTRAIN OR DAMAGE a CULPRIT BECAUSE of his/her CRIMES.
- STINGYEXCESSIVELY FRUGAL.
Hypernym
- GIVECAUSE someone TO POSSESS in the FUTURE what one POSSESSES at PRESENT.
See also
- FORGIVEPROMISE someone one ASSUMES to be GUILTY of a CRIME OR MISTAKE which OFFENDS ONE so as to SAY that one WILL NOT HATE THAT PERSON BECAUSE of that CRIME OR MISTAKE.
- LOVEINTENSE AND OFTEN PARTIAL DESIRE to be INTIMATE with a PERSON OR to POSSESS a THING.
- BENEVOLENCEVIRTUE in the form of an ENDURING LOVE for OTHERS AND a DESIRE to HELP OTHERS.
Hyponym
- HOSPITALITY POLITE GENEROSITY FOR FOREIGNERS, STRANGERS OR GUESTS.
- GRACE GENEROSITY AND FORGIVENESS of DEITIES.
- PATRON SOMEONE WHO IS CONSTANTLY GENEROUS TO WHAT HE BELIEVES IS A GOOD PERSON.
Old Chinese Criteria
1. Probably the most general word for generosity is huì 惠 (ant. sè 嗇 "stingy, ungenerous"), and this refers to any kind of emotional as well as material munificence by a person of superior status.
2. Hòu 厚 (ant. báo 薄 "less than ample") refers to generosity of treatment which is not necessarily directed towards inferiors.
3. Shī 施 focuses on the very activity involved in generous treatment of others, and the subject of this activitiy is normally a person of superior status.
4. E!n 恩 (ant. chóu 仇 "hostile attitude") refers primarily to an attitude or disposition (typically on the part of a person of superior status) to be generous.
5. Dé 德 and the rarer zé 澤 refer to graceful and spiritually inspiring munificence, typically from a person of supremely high status.
6. Kuān 寬 and the rarer guǎng 廣 can refer to a general disposition towards non-narrow and broadly directed generosity.
7. Zhān 霑 refers to receiving the benefits of generosity and is thus marginal in this group, and the word is rare.
NB: Kāng kǎi 慷慨 refers to generousity with one's resources, but the usage is first attested in Ming novels.
2. Hòu 厚 (ant. báo 薄 "less than ample") refers to generosity of treatment which is not necessarily directed towards inferiors.
3. Shī 施 focuses on the very activity involved in generous treatment of others, and the subject of this activitiy is normally a person of superior status.
4. E!n 恩 (ant. chóu 仇 "hostile attitude") refers primarily to an attitude or disposition (typically on the part of a person of superior status) to be generous.
5. Dé 德 and the rarer zé 澤 refer to graceful and spiritually inspiring munificence, typically from a person of supremely high status.
6. Kuān 寬 and the rarer guǎng 廣 can refer to a general disposition towards non-narrow and broadly directed generosity.
7. Zhān 霑 refers to receiving the benefits of generosity and is thus marginal in this group, and the word is rare.
NB: Kāng kǎi 慷慨 refers to generousity with one's resources, but the usage is first attested in Ming novels.
Modern Chinese Criteria
恩惠
恩典
恩德
恩澤
恩情
恩遇
恩寵
德澤
雨露
人情
好處
嘉惠
春暉
恩
惠
德
恩光渥澤
大恩
宏恩
大德
隆恩
殊遇
大恩大德
雨露之恩
小惠
甜頭
小恩小惠
活命之恩
救命之恩
再造之恩
再生之恩
不斬之恩
好說
first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH
恩典
恩德
恩澤
恩情
恩遇
恩寵
德澤
雨露
人情
好處
嘉惠
春暉
恩
惠
德
恩光渥澤
大恩
宏恩
大德
隆恩
殊遇
大恩大德
雨露之恩
小惠
甜頭
小恩小惠
活命之恩
救命之恩
再造之恩
再生之恩
不斬之恩
好說
first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH
- De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione
(
COMENIUS 1665)
p.
473 BENEFICIUM ex benevolentia datum alicui aliquid, per qvod illi bene sit. Tria ergo conc. 1. Indigens aliqvis. 2. indigentiam explens. 3. interveniens utrinqve benevolentia. Factum enim ab invito non reputatur beneficium, nec datum malevolo animo.
- Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien
(
DOEDERLEIN 1840)
p.
GENEROUS
Largus refers to anyone who makes a rich present to anyone of any kind.
benignus refers to someone who follows a pure impaulse of humanity, love towards his fellow men in making rich presents.
liberalis refers to someone who, as a result of a prou feeling of self-respect feels inclined to show generosity.
munificus refers to someone who is amply generous in generous out the the goodness of his heart, and with a deep desire to do good to others.
GENEROUS
prodigus refers to prodigality inasmuch as someone disregards monetary considerations.
profusus refers to produgality insofar as something thinks of nothing as being too expensive as long as it can minister to his pleasures, from levity of character.
- 韓非子同義詞研究
(
HANFEI TONGYI 2004)
p.
361 - 韓非子同義詞研究
(
HANFEI TONGYI 2004)
p.
99 - “荀子”單音節形容詞同義關係研究
(
HUANG XIAODONG 2003)
p.
181 - Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum
(
LANGIUS 1631)
p.
BENEFICENTIA
CHARITAS
FAVOR
LIBERALITAS
- 論衡同義詞研究
(
LUNHENG TONGYI 2004)
p.
50 - Lateinische Synonymik
(
MENGE)
p.
172 - Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie
(
RITTER 1971-2007)
p.
2.1063 - Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge
(
PILLON 1850)
p.
no.187 - Divisiones quae vulgo dicuntur Aristoteleae
(
DIVISIONES 1906)
p.
no.17/20 - Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung
(
FRANKE 1989)
p.
63A
Words
惠 huì OC: ɢʷiids MC: ɦei 51 AttributionsWD
Probably the most general word for generosity is huì 惠 (ant. sè 嗇 "stingy, ungenerous"), and this refers to any kind of emotional as well as material munificence by a person of superior status.
- Word relations
- Ant: 刑/PUNISH
Xíng 刑 refers specifically to physical punishment. - Object: 行/ACT
The current general word for any deliberate action one may be held morally and/or administratively responsible for is xíng 行 (ant. zhǐ 止 "decide not to take action"). The nominal entries have the old reading xìng. [COMMENDATORY!], [GENERAL], [HABITUAL], [RESPONSIBLE] - Contrast: 德 / 得/GENEROUS
Dé 德 and the rarer zé 澤 refer to graceful and spiritually inspiring munificence, typically from a person of supremely high status. - Contrast: 恩/GENEROUS
Ēn 恩 (ant. chóu 仇 "hostile attitude") refers primarily to an attitude or disposition (typically on the part of a person of superior status) to be generous. - Contrast: 利/PROFIT
Lì 利 (1. ant. yì 義 "considerations of rectitude"(!!); 2. ant. hài 害 "damage and loss suffered") refers to material profit. - Assoc: 愛/LOVE
The clearly dominant word referring to love is ài 愛 (ant. hèn 恨 "dislike"; rarely zēng 憎 "dislike"; and wù 惡 "hate"), and this word refers both to the feelings of love and to the expression of love in loving care for another person as well as in sexual relations. (Occasionally, the word may refer to the emotional preference that a small child feels for its parents. For this meaning see PREFER.)
- Syntactic words
- nabpublic (often demonstrative) generosity (usually on a large scale); act of generosity MOVE TO GENEROUS NAB
- nabactact(s) of public generosity
- nabpost-NN's generosityDS
- nabpsychgenerosity of heart
- vadNgenerous
- vadVgenerously; gracefully
- viactbe generous
- vtoNbe generous towards
德 dé OC: tɯɯɡ MC: tək
得 dé OC: tɯɯɡ MC: tək 42 AttributionsWD
Dé 德 and the rarer zé 澤 refer to graceful and spiritually inspiring munificence, typically from a person of supremely high status.
- Word relations
- Ant: 刑/PUNISH
Xíng 刑 refers specifically to physical punishment. - Ant: 怨/HATE
Yuàn 怨 is resentment due to identified concrete causes, and the emotion is typically directed towards superiors or equals. - Object: 布/ISSUE
- Assoc: 澤/GENEROUS
Dé 德 and the rarer zé 澤 refer to graceful and spiritually inspiring munificence, typically from a person of supremely high status. - Oppos: 威/POWER
The dominant general words for power are wēi 威 "formidable authority" and shì 勢 "strategic position of power".
- Syntactic words
- nabactacts of benign good-will and generosity
- nabdispositionovert charismatic generosity, ability to display magnanimity; goodwill
- nabstativegood relations, mutual charismatic good will; good will; favourable attitude
- viactshow benign generosity and goodness in action
- vt(oN)show generosity towards the contextually determinate N
- vt+prep+Nbe generous towards
- vtoNbe generous towards
- vtoNpsychfeel well-disposed towards, have warm feelings towards; build up warm feelings fowards; build up good relations with
施 shī OC: lʰal MC: ɕiɛ 37 AttributionsWD
Shī 施 focuses on the very activity involved in generous treatment of others, and the subject of this activitiy is normally a person of superior status.
- Word relations
- Ant: 怨/HATE
Yuàn 怨 is resentment due to identified concrete causes, and the emotion is typically directed towards superiors or equals.
- Syntactic words
- nab.adNthat of generosityLZ
- nabactacts of generosity; kinds of generosity; generous support
- nabpsychologicalgenerosityCH
- vadNgenerously supplied
- viactshow generosity in action
- viimperativebe generous!
- vt+prep+Nshow generosity towards, be beneficial towards; cultivate through generosity
- vt[oN]show generousity to people; give generous handouts to people
- vtoNgive alms to, support with generosity
- vtoNmiddle voicereceive generosity
厚 hòu OC: ɡoos MC: ɦu 27 AttributionsWD
Hòu 厚 (ant. báo 薄 "less than ample") refers to generosity of treatment which is not necessarily directed towards inferiors.
- Word relations
- Ant: 薄/WEAK
Bào 薄 (ant. zhuàng 壯 "strong and vigorous") can refer to a low or weak intensity of something. - Ant: 薄/STINGY
- Syntactic words
- nabactmoral generosity
- nabdispositiongenerosity; munificence; lavishness
- vadNabundant, lavish; generous
- vadVgenerously; sumptuously; richly; amply
- vibe generous (in temperament)
- viactgenerous in attitude and action; be substantial (of rewards etc); be lavish
- vpostadVgenerously, with abundant generosity; extensively
- vt+prep+Ngradedbe more lavish, be more generous than
- vt+prep+Npsychbe generous towards (oneself)
- vtoNbe generous with regard to
- vtoNcausativemake lavish (salaries etc); increase the size of
恩 ēn OC: qɯɯn MC: ʔən 21 AttributionsWD
Ēn 恩 (ant. chóu 仇 "hostile attitude") refers primarily to an attitude or disposition (typically on the part of a person of superior status) to be generous.
- Word relations
- Contrast: 德 / 得/GENEROUS
Dé 德 and the rarer zé 澤 refer to graceful and spiritually inspiring munificence, typically from a person of supremely high status. - Contrast: 惠/GENEROUS
Probably the most general word for generosity is huì 惠 (ant. sè 嗇 "stingy, ungenerous"), and this refers to any kind of emotional as well as material munificence by a person of superior status. - Assoc: 澤/GENEROUS
Dé 德 and the rarer zé 澤 refer to graceful and spiritually inspiring munificence, typically from a person of supremely high status.
- Syntactic words
- nab[.post-N]actone's generosity in actionCH
- nabacta significant generous action by a benefactor 恩不甚
- nabdispositiongenerous loving concern;gracious generosity by superiors, primarily as an attitude, but occasionally also as manifested in action: generous gratuitous favours; emotional good-will, emotional ties; Hanfei: gratuitous kindness
布施 bù shī OC: paas lʰal MC: puo̝ ɕiɛ 16 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactBUDDH: giving, making offerings (to the Buddha or the monks/nuns); SANSKRIT dāna[pāramitā]
- VPiactbe generous in action BUDDH: to practice generosity/charity, to give alms (one of the Six Perfections of a Bodhisattva, see liùdù 六度); SANSKRIT dāna
慈惠 cí huì OC: dzɯ ɢʷiids MC: dzɨ ɦei 13 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactdevoted generosityCH
- NPabconceptnotion of love and careDS
- NPabdispositionloving and caring generosity
- VPadNmotivated by affectionate generosity
- VPt[oN]be loving and generous (typically as a superior)
寬裕 kuān yù OC: khoon k-loɡs MC: khʷɑn ji̯o 11 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabdispositiontolerance and generosity
- VPiactpractice tolerant generosity
幸 xìng OC: ɢreeŋʔ MC: ɦɣɛŋ 9 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadVin polite formulae: gracefully; by your grace; kindly, generously 願大王幸V
澤 zé OC: ɡrlaaɡ MC: ɖɣɛk 9 AttributionsWD
Dé 德 and the rarer zé 澤 refer to graceful and spiritually inspiring munificence, typically from a person of supremely high status.
- Word relations
- Assoc: 德 / 得/GENEROUS
Dé 德 and the rarer zé 澤 refer to graceful and spiritually inspiring munificence, typically from a person of supremely high status. - Assoc: 恩/GENEROUS
Ēn 恩 (ant. chóu 仇 "hostile attitude") refers primarily to an attitude or disposition (typically on the part of a person of superior status) to be generous.
- Syntactic words
- nabactgenerosityCH
- nabdispositiongenerosity towards others; relations of mutual generosity
- vt[oN1.]+prep+Nbe more generous to people N1 than N2 isCH
能 néng OC: nɯɯŋ MC: nəŋ 6 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNtreat well
惠澤 huì zé OC: ɢʷiids ɡrlaaɡ MC: ɦei ɖɣɛk 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactgenerosityDCD: 猶恩澤。《漢書 ‧ 鄭崇傳》： " 朕幼而孤，皇太太后躬自養育，免于襁褓，教道以禮，至於成人，惠澤茂焉。 "
裕 yù OC: k-loɡs MC: ji̯o 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabpsychLIJI 14.11: large-mindedness
- vadNbeing large-minded; generous
- vibe generous
- vtoNbe generous in respect to
仁 rén OC: njin MC: ȵin 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabpsychologicalmoral generosity
- vishow moral generous concern
- vtoNshow generous and virtuous concern for
廣 guǎng OC: kʷaaŋʔ MC: kɑŋ 2 AttributionsWD
Kuān 寬 and the rarer guǎng 廣 can refer to a general disposition towards non-narrow and broadly directed generosity.
- Syntactic words
- v[adN]nonreferentialthe generous
- vadVgenerously
- viactbe generous
敦 dūn OC: tuun MC: tuo̝n 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vichangebecome generous
靡 mǐ OC: mralʔ MC: miɛ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNbe generous to
廣大 guǎng dà OC: kʷaaŋʔ daads MC: kɑŋ dɑi 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabpsychbroadness of mind, generosity, liberality
- VPipsych/actbroad of mind, generous, liberalLZ
施予 shī yǔ OC: lʰal laʔ MC: ɕiɛ ji̯ɤ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactgenerosity to others
- VPitransitivebe prepared to give things away, be generous to others
- VPtoNbe generous to
綽 chuò OC: thjewɡ MC: tɕhi̯ɐk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vibe generous ???
- vtoNcausativebe generous to
周澤 zhōu zé OC: tjɯw ɡrlaaɡ MC: tɕɨu ɖɣɛk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPfeelings of generosity and friendship (on the part of superiors towards inferiors)
恩 ēn OC: qɯɯn MC: ʔən 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt+V[0]be generous enough to V
寬厚 kuān hòu OC: khoon ɡooʔ MC: khʷɑn ɦu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactgenerosity in action
寬容 kuān róng OC: khoon k-loŋ MC: khʷɑn ji̯oŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt[oN]act with generosity and tolerance
幸而 xìng ér OC: ɢreeŋʔ njɯ MC: ɦɣɛŋ ȵɨ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadVby your grace
德者 dé zhě OC: tɯɯɡ kljaʔ MC: tək tɕɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactcharismatic generosity; charisma
惠恤 huì xù OC: ɢʷiids sqʷiɡ MC: ɦei sʷit 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNresultativebe generous so as to show sympathy with
惠施 huì shī OC: ɢʷiids lʰal MC: ɦei ɕiɛ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiactbe generous to others
- VPt(oN)distribute generously a contextually determinate object
愛惠 ài huì OC: qɯɯds ɢʷiids MC: ʔəi ɦei 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactloving generosity
慈恩 cí ēn OC: dzɯ qɯɯn MC: dzɨ ʔən 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactloving generosity
恩澤 ēn zé MC: 'on draek OC: qɯɯn ɡrlaaɡCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabfeaturegenerosityCH
潤 rùn MC: -- OC: njunsCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactmunificenceCH
寬 kuān OC: khoon MC: khʷɑn 0 AttributionsWD
Kuān 寬 and the rarer guǎng 廣 can refer to a general disposition towards non-narrow and broadly directed generosity.
- Word relations
- Ant: 鄙/VULGAR
Bǐ 鄙 (ant. chóng 崇 "elevated") refers to rusticity and lack cultural polish typical of a person from outlying regions, a country bumpkin.
- Syntactic words
- viactbe generous and liberal
霑 zhān OC: krlem MC: ʈiɛm 0 AttributionsWD
Zhān 霑 refers to receiving the benefits of generosity and is thus marginal in this group, and the word is rare.
- Syntactic words
- vireceive munificence
不吝 bù lìn OC: pɯʔ rins MC: pi̯ut lin 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNlitotesnot be stingy with>be generous with 不吝千金璧
博施 bó shī OC: paaɡ lʰal MC: pɑk ɕiɛ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabactwide-reaching generosity/beneficence
厚遇 hòu yù OC: ɡooʔ ŋos MC: ɦu ŋi̯o 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNtreat generously
恩德 ēn dé OC: qɯɯn tɯɯɡ MC: ʔən tək 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactacts of generosity
慷慨 kǎng kài OC: khlaaŋʔ khɯɯds MC: khɑŋ khɑi 0 AttributionsWD
NB: Kāng kǎi 慷慨 refers to generousity with one's resources, but the usage is first attested in Ming novels.
- Syntactic words
- VPiactbe generous in the use of one's resources for the benefit of others
施心 shī xīn OC: lʰal slɯm MC: ɕiɛ sim 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabpsychgenerosity
見遇 jiàn yù OC: keens ŋos MC: ken ŋi̯o 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt(oN)encounter a contextually determinate person; polite: (have the good fortune to) encounter (a person)
義 yì OC: ŋrals MC: ŋiɛ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vibe generous and charitable in the performance of one's moral duty
Click here to add pinyin MC: OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabfeaturegenerosityCH
Click here to add pinyin MC: OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactmunificenceCH
膏沐 gāo mù MC: -- buwk OC: koow mooɡCH 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiactbe demonstratively generous CH
Existing SW for
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