PRAISE  贊譽譽

SPEAK about something GOOD and NOT COMMON in ANOTHER HUMAN, ANIMAL OR THING.
COMMENDEXPRESS ADMIRATION FORAPPLAUDPAY TRIBUTE TOSPEAK HIGHLY OFEULOGIZECOMPLIMENTCONGRATULATESING THE PRAISES OFRAVE ABOUTGO INTO RAPTURES ABOUTHEAP PRAISE ONWAX LYRICAL ABOUTMAKE MUCH OFPAT ON THE BACKTAKE ONE'S HAT OFF TOLIONIZEADMIREHAILBALLYHOOFORMAL LAUD
Antonym
  • BLAMECRITICISE someone as GUILTY of a WICKED:reprehensible MISTAKE OR a CRIME.
    • CRITICISESPEAK AND NAME SOMETHING BAD and AVOIDABLE. 
      • SCOLDBLAME someone ADDRESSING him/her USING VIOLENT WORDS.
        Hypernym
        • SPEAKACT so as to USE WORDS FOR SHOWING MEANING.*Speech by speaker X, directed towards audience Y, in order to communicate message Z.
          • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision.
            • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION.
              • CHANGEEVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2....
        Hyponym
        • FLATTER　PRAISE SUPERIOR, TYPICALLY with the AIM of CAUSING ONESELF to BECOME LOVED by SUPERIORS TO be DELIGHTED.
          • RECOMMEND　PRAISE so as to ADVISE USE of by the HUMAN ADDRESSED.
            • APPLAUSE　PRAISE a PRESENT ACTION USING ACTIONS, NOT USING WORDS. 
              • COMPLIMENT　PRAISE POLITELY AND PLAYFULLY.
                Old Chinese Criteria
                1. The current general word for praise is yù 譽 (ant. huǐ 毀 "speak ill of"), and the word often refers to straightforward objective praise rather than eulogy..

                2. Chēng 稱 (ant. bang 謗 "speak ill of behind his back") refers to "honourable mentioning" in public contexts and favourable public assessment of someone.

                3. Bāo 褒 (ant. biǎn 貶 "make derogatory remarks about") refers to a person with a certain authority passing a positive judgment on someone.

                4. Jiā 嘉 (ant. sǔn 損 "make belittling remarks about") refers to commending someone for a certain action or for past behaviour.

                5. Zàn 讚／贊 "eulogise" (ant. dǐ 詆 "speak ill of") refers to lyrical, typically exaggerated and overly enthusiastic praise.

                6. Sòng 頌 (ant. zhòu 咒 "make calumniatory remarks about") refers literally to the singing of someone's praises, but as in English, the praising thus described may actually be in ornate prose.

                7. Měi 美 and shàn 善 (all ant. wù 惡 "speak ill of") refer to the bringing out of positive, admirable or morally commendable aspects in something or someone through discourse.

                8. Yáng 揚 (ant. yì 抑 "do down") refers to the spreading of the good name of someone or something.

                Modern Chinese Criteria
                表揚 is to speak highly of someone so as to comend him.

                稱贊 is a common formal word for approval and praise.

                誇讚誇贊 refers to exaggerated praise.

                誇獎 refers to public praise bordering on the excessive.

                詠讚詠贊 refers to lyrical praise

                稱譽 is a very literary word referring to formal public praise.

                贊譽 is a very literary word referring to formal public praise.

                贊美 focusses on the aesthetic excellence of what is praised.

                贊嘆 focusses on the intense admiration on the part of the praiser.

                贊頌 tends to refer to excessive public praise.

                嘆賞 refers to intensely felt admiration and praise.

                稱賞 refers to a public display of admiration and praise.

                表彰 refers to praise in the form of public display of praiseworthy exploits etc..

                讚揚 "speak highly of" is not direct praise face-to-face but positive public discourse about someone.

                誇獎 is excessive praise of himself deplored by the speaker.

                誇 is colloquial and refers to exaggerated praise for someone, but unlike 誇獎 this word is never used nominally.

                贊賞

                稱道

                稱許

                稱頌

                贊揚 is to speak of someone in commendatory terms.

                揄揚

                頌揚

                褒揚

                顯揚

                嘉尚

                歌頌

                謳歌

                歌唱

                嘉許

                推許

                贊許

                褒獎

                獎許

                獎譽

                獎飾

                誇獎

                抬舉

                叫好

                贊

                譽

                嘉

                稱

                頌

                褒

                誇

                拍手叫好

                唱贊歌

                嘖嘖稱羨

                臉上貼金

                rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

                • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 202; 583; 729; 853

                • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 16.79

                • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 158

                  LAUS, LAUDATIO

                  332. Inter Laudem et laudationem. Laus est ejus qui laudatur; Laudatio vero ejus qui laudat. Item laus est in qua virtus enitet; laudatio, ipsa laudantis oratio [ Al., laudatio orationum]. Laus et laetitia [ Al., laudem laetitiam,] sine celebratione vocis in animi admiratione consistit: laudatio vero rei cujusque praedicatio est, adminiculo orationis ornata.

                • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 111

                • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

                  LAUS/LAUDATIO

                • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 84

                • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1301

                  譽，讚／贊

                  1. WL fails to mention the current graph za4n 贊 "praise" for the later za4n 讚 which in fact is unattested in pre-Buddhist Chinese literature. The two terms compared in WL do not make a good natural pair to compare.

                • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 65

                • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.122:82

                  ELOGE.LOUANGE

                • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.243.199

                  APPLAUDISSEMENTS.LOUANGES; VANTER.LOUER

                • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. NO. 39

                • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.195

                • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. NO. 39

                • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 60B

                Attributions by syntactic funtion

                • vtoN : 119
                • nab : 31
                • VPtoN : 12
                • VPt(oN) : 10
                • vi : 6
                • vt(oN.)+V : 6
                • vtoN.+VtoS : 3
                • vt(oN) : 3
                • vadN : 3
                • n : 3
                • vtoN. V : 2
                • v[adN] : 2
                • vttoN1.+prep+N2 : 2
                • vtt(oN.)+V[0] : 1
                • vt N : 1
                • NPab : 1
                • vtoS : 1
                • VPtoS : 1
                • VPt[oN] : 1
                • vtoNPab{S} : 1
                • vtoN.adV : 1
                • vadV : 1
                • vt+prep+N : 1

                Attributions by text

                • 韓非子 : 51
                • 荀子 : 16
                • 春秋左傳 : 15
                • 說苑 : 13
                • 淮南子 : 11
                • 論語 : 10
                • 史記 : 9
                • 祖堂集 : 9
                • 論衡 : 8
                • 莊子 : 7
                • 賢愚經 : 7
                • 戰國策 : 7
                • 妙法蓮華經 : 7
                • 管子 : 5
                • 百喻經 : 5
                • 禮記 : 4
                • 臨濟錄 : 4
                • 墨子 : 3
                • 陸機集十一卷 : 2
                • 新論-漢-桓譚 : 2
                • 阮籍集四卷 : 2
                • 呂氏春秋 : 2
                • 鹽鐵論 : 2
                • 春秋穀梁傳 : 2
                • 韓詩外傳 : 2
                • 人物志三卷 : 2
                • 劉義慶世說新語 : 1
                • 尚書 : 1
                • 孝經 : 1
                • 毛詩 : 1
                • 古列女傳 : 1

                Words

                譽  yù OC: k-las MC: ji̯ɤ 67 AttributionsWD

                The current general word for praise is yù 譽 (ant. huǐ 毀 "speak ill of"), and the word often refers to straightforward objective praise rather than eulogy.

                  Word relations
                • Ant: 誹/CRITICISE Fěi 誹 (ant. zàn 贊 "commend") is to criticise someone's views in a condescending humiliating way, and this form of criticism is notably less malicious than that involved in slander while being less formal and moralistic than in blame. See also SLANDER
                • Ant: 毀 / 譭/CRITICISE
                • Ant: 非/CRITICISE The current general term for criticism is fēi 非 (ant. shì 是 "approve of").
                • Assoc: 稱/PRAISE Chēng 稱 (ant. bang 謗"speak ill of behind his back") refers to "honourable mentioning" in public contexts and favourable public assessment of someone.

                  Syntactic words
                • nabactpublic praise; high praise (CHECK PRONUNCIATION FOR THIS READING)
                • nabact, passivepraise
                • nabnegativeact: sycophantic praiseCH
                • v[adN]one who praises> those who praise one
                • viactengage in publicly praising people
                • vtoNto commend as outstanding; commend for (a good quality); express approval
                • vtoN.+Vcommend as outstanding saying:DS
                • vtoNpassivebe praised
                • vtoNpsychpraise (oneself)
                稱  chēng OC: thjɯŋ MC: tɕhɨŋ 34 AttributionsWD

                Chēng 稱 (ant. bang 謗"speak ill of behind his back") refers to "honourable mentioning" in public contexts and favourable public assessment of someone.

                  Word relations
                • Ant: 毀 / 譭/SLANDER The standard current word for speaking ill of a person is huǐ 毀 (ant. yù 譽 "praise"), and the slander involved can be of all kinds.
                • Ant: 訾/CRITICISE
                • Contrast: 媚/FLATTER Mèi 媚 is sycophancy also in words but particularly in attitude, dress and demeanour.
                • Contrast: 薦/RECOMMEND The current general word for recommending someone is jiàn 薦 (ant. yǐn 隱 "refuse to recommend and keep unknown").
                • Assoc: 媚/FLATTER Mèi 媚 is sycophancy also in words but particularly in attitude, dress and demeanour.
                • Assoc: 譽/PRAISE The current general word for praise is yù 譽 (ant. huǐ 毀 "speak ill of"), and the word often refers to straightforward objective praise rather than eulogy.
                • Synon: 舉/PRAISE
                • Synon: 褒/PRAISE Bāo 褒 (ant. biǎn 貶 "make derogatory remarks about") refers to a person with a certain authority passing a positive judgment on someone.
                • Synon: 頌/PRAISE Sòng 頌 (ant. zhòu 咒 "make calumniatory remarks about") refers literally to the singing of someone's praises, but as in English, the praising thus described may actually be in ornate prose.

                  Syntactic words
                • v+Nbe praised in NCH
                • v[adN]man of reverence; man of good reputationDS
                • vt(oN)praise a contextually determinate person or thing
                • vtoNpraise; refer to with reverence; recommend as the most suitable
                • vtoNPab{S}be full of praise for the fact that S
                • vtoNpassivebe praised
                • vtt+.N+Vpraise N as V
                • vttoN1.+prep+N2praise (somebody N2) (for something N1)稱孝焉
                善  shàn OC: ɡjenʔ MC: dʑiɛn 12 AttributionsWD

                Měi 美 and shàn 善 (all ant. wù 惡 "speak ill of") refer to the bringing out of positive, admirable or morally commendable aspects in something or someone through discourse.

                  Word relations
                • Ant: 憎/HATE Zēng 憎 (ant. ài 愛 "love") is a rather mild and lingering form of resentment directed at a person.
                • Ant: 非/CRITICISE The current general term for criticism is fēi 非 (ant. shì 是 "approve of").

                  Syntactic words
                • nabpraiseTWH
                • vt(oN)praise the contextually determinate N
                • vtoNdeclarativedeclare good: praise, speak highly of; speak well of, commend
                • vtoNdeclarativebe praised
                讚  zàn OC: tsaans MC: tsɑn
                贊  zàn OC: tsaans MC: tsɑn 12 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vt(oN.)+Vpraise a contextually determinate person (saying), (say) praisingly, in an eulogy, in admiration
                • vtoNLIJI 5.4f: appraise positively and recommend LSCQ 贊能
                • vtoN.+VtoSpraise a somebody (saying), (say) praisingly, in an eulogy, in admiration
                • vtoNpassivebe praised
                嘉  jiā OC: kraal MC: kɣɛ 11 AttributionsWD

                Jiā 嘉 (ant. sǔn 損 "make belittling remarks about") refers to commending someone for a certain action or for past behaviour.

                  Word relations
                • Ant: 謫/BLAME
                • Ant: 責/BLAME Zé 責 (ant. chēng 稱 "praise someone for something") often refers to the public apportioning of blame without the threat of legal action. [see ACCUSE]
                • Ant: 讓/BLAME Ràng 讓 and qiào 誚 (ant. zàn 贊 "commend strongly, in public") refers to strong public blame and abuse, Cultural Revolution style.

                  Syntactic words
                • nabactpraise, commendation
                • vtoNdeclare to be excellent; commend
                • vtt(oN.)+V[0]praise N for V-ing
                美  měi OC: mriʔ MC: mi 10 AttributionsWD

                Měi 美 and shàn 善 (all ant. wù 惡 "speak ill of") refer to the bringing out of positive, admirable or morally commendable aspects in something or someone through discourse.

                  Syntactic words
                • vadNcommendatory, positive
                • vt+prep+Npraise more than NCH
                • vtoNdeclarativedeclare to be beautiful, declare to be admirable, wonderful
                頌  sòng OC: sɢloŋs MC: zi̯oŋ 6 AttributionsWD

                Sòng 頌 (ant. zhòu 咒 "make calumniatory remarks about") refers literally to the singing of someone's praises, but as in English, the praising thus described may actually be in ornate prose.

                  Word relations
                • Contrast: 表/SHOW Biǎo 表 refers to making something publicly visible, by publishing or by display.
                • Contrast: 褒/PRAISE Bāo 褒 (ant. biǎn 貶 "make derogatory remarks about") refers to a person with a certain authority passing a positive judgment on someone.
                • Synon: 稱/PRAISE Chēng 稱 (ant. bang 謗"speak ill of behind his back") refers to "honourable mentioning" in public contexts and favourable public assessment of someone.

                  Syntactic words
                • nsacrificial ode; panegyrics; BUDDH: appraisal in form of a poem
                • vadNpanegyrical
                • vtoNsing the praise of, sing the praises of, praise
                讚歎  zàn tàn OC: tsaans mqhlaans MC: tsɑn thɑn 5 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPt(oN)praise profusely the contextually determinate N
                • VPtoSbe full of praise that S
                歎  tàn OC: mqhlaans MC: thɑn 4 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNpraise
                • vtoSsay in praise that S
                舉  jǔ OC: klaʔ MC: ki̯ɤ 4 AttributionsWD

                  Word relations
                • Synon: 稱/PRAISE Chēng 稱 (ant. bang 謗"speak ill of behind his back") refers to "honourable mentioning" in public contexts and favourable public assessment of someone.

                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNhold up for admiration
                誦  sòng OC: sɢloŋs MC: zi̯oŋ 4 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNsing the praise of, chant the lyrical praise of
                贊  zàn OC: tsaans MC: tsɑn 4 AttributionsWD

                Zàn 讚／贊 "eulogise" (ant. dǐ 詆"speak ill of") refers to lyrical, typically exaggerated and overly enthusiastic praise.

                  Syntactic words
                • vadNfull of eulogising praise
                • vadVpraisingly; with praise
                • vtoN.adVpraise (not necessarily in an exaggerated manner) 贊曰
                • vtoNlyricaleulogise
                稱歎  chēng tàn OC: thjɯŋ mqhlaans MC: tɕhɨŋ thɑn 4 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPt(oN)praise a contextually determinate object N from all one's heart, praise in an innerly manner
                • VPtoNpraise from all one's heart
                歌  gē OC: klaal MC: kɑ 3 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNsing the praise of, praise through song
                • vtoN.+VtoSpraise N singing SDS
                詠  yǒng OC: ɢʷaŋs MC: ɦɣaŋ 3 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNsing deeply felt praises of
                貴  guì OC: kluds MC: kɨi 3 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNcommend, approve of
                唱  chàng MC: tsyhangH OC: thjaŋsCH 3 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNpraise (excellence, good qualities etc)CH
                揚  yáng OC: k-laŋ MC: ji̯ɐŋ 2 AttributionsWD

                Yáng 揚 (ant. yì 抑 "do down") refers to the spreading of the good name of someone or something.

                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNspread the name of, spread the fame of, praise
                稱誦  chēng sòng OC: thjɯŋ sɢloŋs MC: tɕhɨŋ zi̯oŋ 2 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoNbe full of praise for
                云  yún OC: ɢun MC: ɦi̯un 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNspeak positively of; have good words for, have anything good to say for
                褒  bāo OC: puu MC: pɑu 1 AttributionWD

                Bāo 褒 (ant. biǎn 貶 "make derogatory remarks about") refers to a person with a certain authority passing a positive judgment on someone.

                  Word relations
                • Ant: 毀 / 譭/CRITICISE
                • Ant: 貶/CRITICISE
                • Contrast: 頌/PRAISE Sòng 頌 (ant. zhòu 咒 "make calumniatory remarks about") refers literally to the singing of someone's praises, but as in English, the praising thus described may actually be in ornate prose.
                • Synon: 稱/PRAISE Chēng 稱 (ant. bang 謗"speak ill of behind his back") refers to "honourable mentioning" in public contexts and favourable public assessment of someone.
                • Synon: 頌稱/PRAISE

                  Syntactic words
                • nabactpraiseCH
                • vtoNpraise
                宣褒  xuān bāo OC: sqon puu MC: siɛn pɑu 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPt(oN)heap public praise on
                稱媚  chēng mèi OC: thjɯŋ mrils MC: tɕhɨŋ mi 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabactpraising so as to flatter: flattery
                稱宣  chēng xuān OC: thjɯŋ sqon MC: tɕhɨŋ siɛn 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoNpraise publicly
                稱揚  chēng yáng OC: thjɯŋ k-laŋ MC: tɕhɨŋ ji̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoNpraise (profusely?)
                稱美  chēng měi OC: thjɯŋ mriʔ MC: tɕhɨŋ mi 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPt(oN)praise the contextually determinate N
                稱譽  chēng yù OC: thjɯŋ k-las MC: tɕhɨŋ ji̯ɤ 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPt[oN]engage in eulogising
                • VPtoNpraise
                稱讚  chēng zàn OC: thjɯŋ tsaans MC: tɕhɨŋ tsɑn
                稱贊  chēng zàn OC: thjɯŋ tsaans MC: tɕhɨŋ tsɑn 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoNpraise; sing the praise of
                稱述  chēng shù OC: thjɯŋ ɢljud MC: tɕhɨŋ ʑʷit 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoNpraise
                讚嘆  zàn tàn OC: tsaans mqhlaans MC: tsɑn thɑn 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoNpraise, admire
                讚詠  zàn yǒng OC: tsaans ɢʷaŋs MC: tsɑn ɦɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoNsing the praise of
                贊說  zàn shuō OC: tsaans lʰod MC: tsɑn ɕiɛt 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoNexpound with much praise
                取美  qǔ měi MC: tshjuX mijX OC: skhoʔ mriʔCH 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoNpassiveget praised, win the admiration of, gain the praise of; win the favour ofCH
                榮  róng 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vienjoy a great reputation, have a resplendent name; be famous everywhereCH
                稱乎  chēng hū MC: tsyhing hu OC: thjɯŋ ɢaaCH 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNspeak well of, speak favourably ofCH
                高言  gāo yán MC: -- ngjon OC: koow ŋanLZ 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoNspeak loftily about, praiseLZ
                簧鼓  huáng gǔ MC: hwang kuX OC: ɡʷaaŋ kaaʔCH 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPt(oN)praise by blowing on the mouth organs and beating the drumsCH
                呼  hū MC: xu OC: qhaaLZ 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNpraise loudly (also figuratively)LZ
                康  kāng OC: khlaaŋ MC: khɑŋ 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNarchaic: glorify, eulogize
                揄  yú OC: lo MC: ji̯o 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNPRAISE
                耀  yào OC: lewɡs MC: jiɛu 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNcausativemake shine> sing the praise of
                讆  wèi OC: - MC: ɦiɛi 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vadNgiving unreasonable or unjustified praise
                • viactgive unreasonable or unjustified praise
                稱善  chēng shàn OC: thjɯŋ ɡjenʔ MC: tɕhɨŋ dʑiɛn 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoNpraise
                褒讚  bāo zàn OC: puu tsaans MC: pɑu tsɑn 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoNeulogise with strong approval; euloguse
                頌稱  sòng chēng OC: sɢloŋs thjɯŋ MC: zi̯oŋ tɕhɨŋ 0 AttributionsWD

                  Word relations
                • Synon: 褒/PRAISE Bāo 褒 (ant. biǎn 貶 "make derogatory remarks about") refers to a person with a certain authority passing a positive judgment on someone.

                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoNsing the praise of> praise
                  Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNpraise (excellence, good qualities etc)CH

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