FLATTER    拍碼皮

PRAISE SUPERIOR, TYPICALLY with the AIM of CAUSING ONESELF to BECOME LOVED by SUPERIORS TO be DELIGHTED.
COMPLIMENTPRAISEEXPRESS ADMIRATION FORSAY NICE THINGS ABOUTFAWN OVERCAJOLEHUMORFLANNELBLARNEYINFORMAL SWEET-TALKSOFT-SOAPBROWN-NOSEBUTTER UPPLAY UP TOSLOBBER OVERFORMAL LAUD
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current word for active flattery is chǎn 諂 and the word refers to all kinds discourse exclusively designed to win favour but also includes ingratiating behaviour of other kinds, as notoriously in LY. 2. Yú 諛 focusses on the use of language in "reactive" sycophancy adapting oneself to perceived desires on the part of a superior, and there seem to be no clear examples of non-linguistic sycophancy described as yú 諛. 3. E! 阿 is vulgar one-sided pandering to the tastes or ideas of superiors in words and also in action, and the word refers also to other forms of partiality and favouritism and is thus more general in application than the other words in the group. 4. Mèi 媚 is sycophancy also in words but particularly in attitude, dress and demeanour. 5. Pián bì 便辟 (ant. zhēng chén 諍臣 "cantankerous or obstreporous minister") is a customary engrained form sycophancy leading to a permanent status of favour with those who are being flattered. 6. Nìng 佞 refers to rhetorically skilful sycophancy, and very often the meanings "rhetorically skilful" and "sycophantic" are hard to distinguish in context.
Modern Chinese Criteria
諂媚 獻媚 狐媚 側媚 阿諛 諂諛 討好 買好 賣好 取悅 吹捧 捧場 奉承 巴結 逢迎 市惠 阿附 拜塵 拍 捧 諂 阿 諛 佞 媚 獻殷勤 拍馬屁 灌米湯 吹喇叭 抬轎子 吹吹拍拍 戴高帽子 阿諛逢迎 阿諛奉承 阿其所好 投其所好 依阿取容 偷合苟容 先意承旨 曲意逢迎 脅肩諂笑 吮癰舐痔 溜須拍馬 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH /
Antonym
  • SCOLDBLAME someone ADDRESSING him/her USING VIOLENT WORDS.
Hypernym
  • PRAISE SPEAK about something GOOD and NOT COMMON in ANOTHER HUMAN, ANIMAL OR THING. (anc: 13/0, child: 4)
  • SPEAK ACT so as to USE WORDS FOR SHOWING MEANING.*Speech by speaker X, directed towards audience Y, in order to communicate message Z. (anc: 12/0, child: 32)
  • ACT MOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision. (anc: 11/0, child: 24)
  • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 454

    ADULARI

    blando gestu at voce gratiam captare. Ubicunqve igitur Adulatio, ibi

    1. aliquis placere qvaerens.

    2. alicui.

    3. blanditijs.

    Cuiusmodi blanditiae tribus potissimum modis committuntur......

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    FLATTER

    blandiri is to say what one hopes will be agreeable to one's audience.

    adulari is to say what one hopes will be agreeable to one's audience with the added element of self-degradation.

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 89

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 194/5

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    ADULATIO

  • Tolkovo-kombinatornyj slovar' sovremmenogo russkogo jazyka. Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian ( Mel'cuk 1984) p. 379

    kompliment

  • Tolkovo-kombinatornyj slovar' sovremmenogo russkogo jazyka. Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian ( Mel'cuk 1984) p. 399

    lest' "flattery"

  • Tolkovo-kombinatornyj slovar' sovremmenogo russkogo jazyka. Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian ( Mel'cuk 1984) p. 412ff

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 23

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 3.1114

    HEUCHELEI

  • Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik ( SCHMIDT 1889) p. 25

  • Theophrast, Charaktere ( THEOPHRASTUS 1960) p. no. 2

  • Theophrast, Charaktere ( THEOPHRASTUS 1960) p. no. 5

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1285

    諂,諛

    1. WL distinguishes between yu2 諛 "verbal flattery" and cha3n 諂 "flattering behaviour of any kind". The useful third term to introduce would be me4i 媚 which focusses on gesture and attitude, as well as ni4ng 佞 which focusses entirely on skilful and polished rhetorical flattery.

  • Divisiones quae vulgo dicuntur Aristoteleae ( DIVISIONES 1906) p. B 43

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 61A

  • Words (28 items)

      yú OC: lo MC: ji̯o 35 Attributions

    Yú 諛 focusses on the use of language in "reactive" sycophancy adapting oneself to perceived desires on the part of a superior, and there seem to be no clear examples of non-linguistic sycophancy described as yú 諛.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 阿/FLATTER E! 阿is vulgar one-sided pandering to the tastes or ideas of superiors in words and also in action, and the word refers also to other forms of partiality and favouritism and is thus more general in application than the other words in the group.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactflattery
    • nabspeechflattering speech
    • v[adN]flatterer, panderer; toady
    • vadNtoadying
    • vadVin a flattering manner
    • vt[oN]engage in flattery, to toady
    • vtoNflatter
      chǎn OC: khrlomʔ MC: ʈhiɛm 27 Attributions

    The current word for flattery is chǎn 諂 and the word refers to all kinds discourse exclusively designed to win favour but also includes ingratiating behaviour of other kinds, as notoriously in LY.

      Word relations
    • Conv: 驕/ARROGANT The most current general word for arrogance of attitude and in behaviour is probably jiāo 驕 (ant.* bēi 卑 "humble in attitude") which refers to an overbearing exaggerated self-confidence and does not essentially involve a negative attitude towards others. [DISPOSITION], [GENERAL], [IMPERSONAL]
    • Assoc: 讒/SLANDER Chán 讒 (ant. zàn 贊 "praise justly") refers to popular slander, sometimes by persons without significant political influence.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactsycophancy through words or action
    • v[adN]sycophant
    • vadNsycophantic
    • vt[oN]flatter others> engage in sycophancy through words or action
    • vtoNcurry favour with (a superior) through sycophancy
      nìng OC: neeŋs MC: neŋ 18 Attributions

    Nìng 佞 refers to rhetorically skilful sycophancy, and very often the meanings "rhetorically skilful" and "sycophantic" are hard to distinguish in context.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 巧/CRAFTY Qiǎo 巧 (ant. zhuó 拙 "inept") is very common and emphasises the element of skill involved.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactflattery
    • v[adN]flatterer; the psychophantic 四佞
    • vadNengaging in flattery, sycophantic 佞人
    • vadVthrough rhetorically polished flattery
    • viactto engage in flattery
    • vtoNingratiate oneself through cleverness of speech; shrewd eloquence; glib rhetoric
    諂諛  chǎn yú OC: khrlomʔ lo MC: ʈhiɛm ji̯o 16 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactflattery, sycophancy
    • VP[adN]the flatterers; the sycophants
    • VPadNtoadying; sycophancy, boot-licking
    • VPiactengage in flattery of all kinds
    • VPt(oN)flatter the contextually determinate object
    • VPtoNgo on flattering, keep fawning upon
      ā OC: qlaal MC: ʔɑ 13 Attributions

    E! 阿is vulgar one-sided pandering to the tastes or ideas of superiors in words and also in action, and the word refers also to other forms of partiality and favouritism and is thus more general in application than the other words in the group.

      Word relations
    • Object: 貴/NOBLE Guì 貴 (ant. jiàn 賤 "of low character") adds to the notion of high social status that of subjectively appreciated nobility of character. [HIGH-DEGREE], [PERSONAL], [SUBJECTIVE]
    • Assoc: 媚/FLATTER Mèi 媚 is sycophancy also in words but particularly in attitude, dress and demeanour.
    • Assoc: 諛/FLATTER Yú 諛 focusses on the use of language in "reactive" sycophancy adapting oneself to perceived desires on the part of a superior, and there seem to be no clear examples of non-linguistic sycophancy described as yú 諛.
    • Assoc: 順/FLATTER

      Syntactic words
    • nabacttoadying; sycophancy; vulgar pandering
    • v[adN]nonreferentialflatterer, sycophant
    • vadNflattering, toadying; boot-licking; insinuating, servile
    • vt[oN]flatter others> indulge in flattery; engage in flattery
    • vtoNflatter, pander to (persons, or 意 "ideas") 阿意
    • vtoNpsychflatter (oneself)
      mèi OC: mrils MC: mi 11 Attributions

    Mèi 媚 is sycophancy also in words but particularly in attitude, dress and demeanour.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 稱/PRAISE Chēng 稱 (ant. bang 謗"speak ill of behind his back") refers to "honourable mentioning" in public contexts and favourable public assessment of someone.
    • Assoc: 稱/PRAISE Chēng 稱 (ant. bang 謗"speak ill of behind his back") refers to "honourable mentioning" in public contexts and favourable public assessment of someone.
    • Assoc: 阿/FLATTER E! 阿is vulgar one-sided pandering to the tastes or ideas of superiors in words and also in action, and the word refers also to other forms of partiality and favouritism and is thus more general in application than the other words in the group.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactsycophancy
    • vt+prep+N(manage to) please through an affable appearance, curry favour with; beguile
    • vt[oN]engage in flattery of others
    • vtoNflatter, curry favour with, ingratiate oneself with 虎...媚養己者; beguile, German bezirzen.
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2psychingratiate (oneself) through flattery to N2
    便辟  pián bì OC: ben peɡ MC: biɛn piɛk
    便嬖  pián bì OC: ben peeɡs MC: biɛn pei 5 Attributions

    Pián bì 便辟 (ant. zhēng chén 諍臣 "cantankerous or obstreporous minister") is a customary engrained form sycophancy leading to a permanent status of favour with those who are being flattered.

      Syntactic words
    • NPagentflatterer
    • VPitransitivebe of the kind prone to flattery, be given to flattery
    求容  qiú róng OC: ɡu k-loŋ MC: gɨu ji̯oŋ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+prep+Npander to, seek to please
      shùn OC: ɢjuns MC: ʑʷin 2 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 阿/FLATTER E! 阿is vulgar one-sided pandering to the tastes or ideas of superiors in words and also in action, and the word refers also to other forms of partiality and favouritism and is thus more general in application than the other words in the group.

      Syntactic words
    • viactflatter people by conforming to their tastes
    • vtoNflatter someone by conforming to his tastes; German: jemandem nach der Nase reden
    讒諛  chán yú OC: dzroom lo MC: ɖʐɣɛm ji̯o 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]pluralthe toadies, the flatterers
    道諛  dào yú OC: ɡ-luuʔ lo MC: dɑu ji̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]flatterer
    阿意  ā yì OC: qlaal qɯɡs MC: ʔɑ ʔɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiflatter
    自嫁於  zì jià yú OC: sblids kraas qa MC: dzi kɣɛ ʔi̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNingratiate oneself to GERMAN: "sich anbiedern"
    諂人  chǎn rén MC: -- nyin OC: khrlomʔ njin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralflatterersCH
    諂曲  chǎn qū OC: khrlomʔ khoɡ MC: ʈhiɛm khi̯ok 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabflattery HYDCD: 曲意逢迎。
    戚施  qī shī OC: skhlɯɯwɡ lʰal MC: tshek ɕiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPagentperson who always strikes ingratiating poses, a flatterer ???
    道人  dào rén MC: dawX nyin OC: ɡ-luuʔ njin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPsycophantCH
    諂者  chǎn zhě OC: khrlomʔ kljaʔ MC: ʈhiɛm tɕɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPflatterers
      zú OC: tsoɡ MC: tsi̯ok 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNfallter; cajole
    蘧除  qú chú OC: rla MC: gi̯ɤ ɖi̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPagentcolloquialism: sycophant ???
    面諛  miàn yú MC: mjienH yu OC: mens lo 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNglib-tongued flatterersCH
      chéng MC: dzying OC: ɡjɯŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt[oN]flatter superiorsCH
    讒諂  chán chǎn MC: -- -- OC: dzroom khrlomʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNflattering and sycophanticCH
    便僻  pián pì MC: bjien phek OC: ben pheeɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NP(= piánbi4 便嬖) flattererLZ
      fù OC: bos MC: bi̯o 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNingratiate oneself with, enter into close relations with
      xiān OC: sqlom MC: siɛm 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNflattering; ingratiating; insincere (SHU)
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPflatterersCH
      pí MC: bjij OC: -- 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNflatter in an exaggerated wayCH