Taxonomy of meanings for 望:　　

Additional information about 望

說文解字:

Criteria
• MOON
  

  1. The current word for the moon is yuè 月.

  2. Wàng 望 refers to the full moon.

  3. Xián 弦 refers to the half full moon.

  The early terminology of the phases of the moon are a highly controversial subject. See MONTH

• HOPE
  

  1. The general word for a hope (rather than a wish) yuàn 願 (ant. kǒng 恐 "be very much afraid that"), but the word is rather formal and often tends to express a hope regarding what someone else (typically of higher status) might do. 2. Yù 欲 (ant. kǒng 恐？ “be terrified by the thought of", is very commonly used as a general word for an emotionally intense hope that is currently entertained. (The cases where the word clearly invites translation as "hope" and cannot be rendered as "desire" or "wish" are in the hundreds.) 3. Jì 冀 (ant. jù 懼 "fear") typically refers to an unrealistic or distant precarious hope concerning one's own future or other person's future actions. 4. Wàng 望 "look forward to" refers to a hope regarding realistic external events, and not necessary actions by any person, and the word tends to refer to a more realistic concrete hope and expectation than the equally current yuàn 願.

  5. Qī 期 is a definitive realistic hope, often related to one's own future actions.

  6. Xìng 幸 "hope to be so lucky to find that" (ant. wèi 畏 "fear") is part of polite court speech and refers to a high hope presented as not strongly realistic.

  NB: Pàn 盼 is post-Han.

• MONTH
  

  1. The general term for a month is yuè 月, and this word is current already in OBI where it is translatable as "moon" referring literally to a lunar period.

  One might mention here:

  2. Huì 晦 refers to the last day of a month.

  3. Shuò 朔 refers to the first day of every month.

  4. Wàng 望 refers to the full moon, the sixteenth or seventeenth day of a lunar month.

  5. Xián 弦 refers to the half full moon, period around 7th/8th and 22nd/23rd day of a lunar month.

• WELL-KNOWN
  

  1. The dominant general term for any kind of reputation, god or bad, is míng 名.

  2. Shēng 聲 refers specifically to notoriety in so far as it is the subject of public discussion.

  3. The specific general term for a high reputation is yù 譽, often in the combination míng yù 名譽.

  4. Wàng 望 is primarily public respect for a prominent political or intellectual leader.

  5. Wén 聞 refer to being well-known and/or notorious for anything good or bad.

  6. Zhī 知 refers to being well-known and/or notorious for anything good or bad.

• SACRIFICE
  

  1. The most general word for making sacrificial offerings of wine and food to spirits of Heaven, of Earth and to the ancestors (perhaps primarily to the spirits of Earth and of the ancestors) is jì 祭 which has become the most common word in Warring States times, replacing sì 祀, which was more common in SHU and SHI.

  2. Sì4 祀 is an archaic word which refers to the making of sacrificial offerings of wine and food to the spirits of Heaven, of Earth and to the ancestors, perhaps primarily and originally to the spirits of Heaven.

  3. Xiǎng 饗／享 refers to making sacrificial offerings in the form of food to one's ancestors.

  4. Diàn 奠 refers specifically to making formal sacrifices to the deceased not too long after his death.

  5. Là 臘 refers specifically to the winter sacrifice to Heaven and Earth.

  6. Fēng 封 refers to an imperial sacrifice to the spirits of Heaven at mount Taishan, where an altar had to be established for the occasion.

  7. Shàn 禪 refers specifically to the imperial sacrifice to the spirits of the Earth at the foot of mount Taishan,.

  8. Wàng 望 refers to sacrifices to the spirits of mountains and streams.

  9. Yì 瘞 refers to placing something (typically jade, or domestic animals) in the ground as part of or as a form of sacrifice to a deceased person.

  10. Lèi 酹 refers to the pouring of libations of wine on the ground.

• LOOK
  

  1. The current word for looking at something close in general is shì 視, but the word can also occasionally refer specifically to looking down rather than up. (See also SEE.)

  2. Wàng 望 (and the much rarer tiào 眺 / 覜 and zhān 瞻 ) refer to looking at something from a distance (often with connotations of admiration), and the connoted direction is always upwards.

  3. Pàn 盼 refers to looking around with the expectation of finding something.

  4. Jiān 監 refers to looking at something so as to ascertain something about it or on the basis of it.

  5. Gù 顧 adds to the notion of looking at something the turning of one's head, or one's attention, from something to what is being looked at. Juàn 眷 is intensitive for gù 顧.

  6. Dǔ 睹 / 者 plus 見 on-right adds to the notion of looking at something the connotation of intense pleasure and typically the hope of establishing personal or erotic contract with the person one looks at by looking at her.

  7. Dì 睇 and lài 睞 are rare words referring to a flirtatious quick glance.

  8. Nì 睨 and miǎn 眄 refers to looking at someone sidewise as a show of demonstrative disrespect.

  9. Yáng 仰 (ant. fǔ 俯 "look down") refers to throwing one's head back and look up. See LOOK UP

• LOOK UP
  

  1. The most current general word for looking up is zhān 瞻, but this word typically connotes respect or admiration. See also ADMIRE

  2. Áng 昂 (ant. fǔ 俯 "look down") refers to holding one's head high and pushing out one's chest so as to face upwards in an imposing gesture of authority.

  3. Yǎng 仰 (ant. fǔ 俯 "look down") refers to throwing one's head back, but it does not specifically focus on the act of looking in that position.

  4. Wàng 望 refers to looking upwards or forward into the distance.

  仰視,　仰見,　仰望,　仰觀,　仰察

• FAMOUS
  

  1. The current general term for illustiousness and extraordinary fame is xiǎn 顯 (ant. huì 晦 "obscure").

  2. Míng 明 (ant. yōu 幽 "without any special lustre") adds to the notion of illustriousness that of supernatural authority.

  3. Lōng 隆 and chóng 崇 (all ant. bēi 卑 "humble") adds to the general notion illustriousness overtones of elevated removedness from the world of the ordinary.

  4. Liè 烈 and hè 赫 focus on the image of glamour radiating from those who are illustrious.

  5. Wàng 望 (ant. wēi 微 "of slight fame" and hán 寒 "of no formal distinction") focusses especially on the aspect of illustriousness that consists in profound public admiration.

  6. Wén 聞 is occasionally used to refer to a state of being much heard-of and well-known.

  7. Róng 榮 refers to resplendent glory on a large scale.

• ASPIRATION
  

  [[COMMON/RARE]]

  [GENERAL/SPECIFIC]

  [LASTING/TEMPORARY]

  1. The general term for an aspiration is zhì 志 and verbally zhì yú 志於 "aspire to", and this term always refers to life-long highest aim.

  [GENERAL]; [[COMMON]]

  2. Xiàng 向 may occasionally refer to any kind of ambition or aspiration.

  [GENERAL]; [[RARE]]

  3. Wàng 望 may refer to a temporary aspiration to be like someone else which is, however, perhaps somewhat stronger than a mere hope of being like that person. See also HOPE.

  [TEMPROARY]

• ADMIRE
  

  [ACTIVIY/STATE]

  [AESTHETIC/MORAL]

  [ASCENDING/HORIZONTAL/DESCENDING]

  [EMOTIONAL/RATIONAL]

  [HIGH-DEGREE/LOW-DEGREE]

  [MENTAL/OVERT]

  [OBJ=HU/OBJ=NONHU]

  [OBJECTIVE/SUBJECTIVE]

  [OVERT/COVERT]

  [PRIVATE/PUBLIC]

  1. The standard general word for admiration is mù 慕 (ant. bǐ 鄙 "hold in low esteem"), and this word often connotes emulation.

  [ASCENDING], [EMOTIONAL], [OBJ=HU], [STATE], [SUBJECTIVE]

  2. Wàng 望 refers to an intense distant admiration of some heroic or in any way especially elevated figure.

  [ACTIVITY], [ASCENDING], [HIGH-DEGREE], [OBJ=HU], [RATIONAL], [SUBJECTIVE]

  3. Yǎng 仰 (ant.* yì 易 "have no special respect for") refers to a distant veneration of some heroic or in any way especially elevated figure.

  [ACTIVITY], [ASCENDING], [HIGH-DEGREE], [OBJ=HU], [RATIONAL], [SUBJECTIVE]

  4. Shàng 尚 (ant. qīng 輕 "have no special respect for") refers to giving high practical priority to something or someone out of a sense of admiration or appreciation.

  [ACTIVITY], [ASCENDING], [OBJ=HU], [OVERT] [PUBLIC]

  5. Shàng 上 (ant. xià 下 "despise, have no special respect for") refer to giving high practical priority to something out of a sense of admiration or appreciation.

  [ASCENDING], [OBJ=NON-HU], [OBJECTIVE], [OVERT], [PUBLIC]

  6. Yòu 右 (ant. qīng 輕 "have no special respect for") refer to giving high practical priority to something or someone out of a sense of admiration or appreciation.

  [ACTIVITY], [ASCENDING], [OVERT], [PUBLIC]

  7. Měi 美 (ant. è 惡 "find despicable an dislikable") refers to an intense expressly subjective aesthetic or moral appreciation for something as admirable.

  [COVERT], [STATE], [SUBJECTIVE]

  8. Duō 多 (ant. shǎo 少 "feel no respect for") refers to an objective assessment of something as worthy of admiration.

  [COVERT], [OBJECTIVE], [RATIONAL], [STATE]

  9. Xiàn 羨 refers to rather personal and private admiration for something, and this admiration is sometimes mixed with envy.

  [COVERT], [EMOTIONAL], [STATE], [SUBJECTIVE]

• HATE
  

  1. The dominant general word referring to intense dislike is wù 惡 (ant. ài 愛 "love") which can relate to all kinds of concrete or abstract objects.

  2. Yuàn 怨 is resentment due to identified concrete causes, and the emotion is typically directed towards superiors or equals.

  3. Zēng 憎 (ant. ài 愛 "love") is a rather mild and lingering form of resentment directed at a person.

  4. Jí 疾 / 嫉 can refer to intense personally focussed resentment.

  5. Jì 忌, jí 嫉, and dù 妒 refer to intense personal resentment typically occasioned by envy for some success in love (jealousy) or in politics.

  6. Hèn 恨 "nourish feelings of hatred" is relatively rare in this meaning in pre-Qin times, and it stresses the emotional aspect of hatred.

  7. Yàn 厭 "come to be fed up with" (ant. hào 好 "be fond of") is a resentment due to overexposure to some condition or to a person's behaviour.

  8. Fán 煩 "be irritated at, be annoyed with" refers to a dissatisfaction due to overexposure to some condition or to a person's behaviour.

  9. Kǔ 苦 "resent bitterly", huàn 患 "REGARD AS DISASTROUS> be upset by", and bìng 病 "feel profoundly offended" focus on resentment of some prevailing condition as insufferable and may be directed at responsible officials but not primarily in a personal way.

  10. Wàng 望 is archaising word typically referrring to resentment against superiors.

• LOOK TO SIDE
  

  顧 is to turn one's head and look.

  眷 is to turn one's head and look intensely at, often with concern,

  眷言 is a poetic way of saying 眷.,

  顧瞻 is to turn one's head and have a look at.

  顧視 is to turn one's head and examine visually,

  還目 is to to look around,

  反顧 is to look in the opposite direction,

  還望 is to look into the distance in the other direction,

  顧睨 is to peer into the other direction.

  顧望 is to turn one's head and look in the other direction.

Word relations
• Assoc: (HOPE)冀/HOPE Jì 冀 (ant. jù 懼 "fear") typically refers to an unrealistic or distant hope concerning one's own future or other person's future actions. 1 Attribution
• Assoc: (HATE)怨/HATE Yuàn 怨 is resentment due to identified concrete causes, and the emotion is typically directed towards superiors or equals. 1 Attribution
• Assoc: (LOOK)眺/LOOK Wàng 望 (and the much rarer tiào 眺/覜 and zhān 瞻) refer to looking at something from a distance (often with connotations of admiration), and the connoted direction is always upwards. 1 Attribution
• Synon: (HOPE)冀/HOPE Jì 冀 (ant. jù 懼 "fear") typically refers to an unrealistic or distant hope concerning one's own future or other person's future actions. 1 Attribution