RESPECT  尊敬敬

ADMIRE as NOBLE AND SERVE POLITELY.
ESTEEMREGARDHIGH OPINIONADMIRATIONREVERENCEDEFERENCEHONORDUE REGARDPOLITENESSCOURTESYCIVILITYDEFERENCEESTEEMADMIRETHINK HIGHLY OFHAVE A HIGH OPINION OFHOLD IN HIGH REGARDHOLD IN (HIGH) ESTEEMLOOK UP TOREVEREREVERENCEHONOR
Antonym
  • DESPISEFEEL that a THING OR a HUMAN is UNIMPORTANT AND BAD AND DESERVES NO RESPECT
    • IMPOLITEINTERACT so as to be UNRESTRAINED AND NOT POLITE to OTHERS.
      Hypernym
      • ADMIREAPPRECIATE AND DELIGHT in what one BELIEVES is MORE GOOD IN-RELATION-TO either ONESELF OR IN-RELATION-TO what is COMMON.
        • APPRECIATEBELIEVE INTENSELY that something is EXCELLENT, GOOD AND IMPORTANT. 
          • BELIEVEATTITUDE IN-RELATION-TO a THINK:thought to the effect that this THOUGHT is TRUE.
            • ATTITUDERELATION between a HUMAN who FEELS and PERCEIVED OBJECTS involving a TENDENDY to REACT....
      See also
      • YIELDBe POLITE, USING RITUAL MODERATION AND PERMIT OTHERS to ACT as they DESIRE.
        Hyponym
        • WORSHIP　VENERATE as a DEITY.
          • POLITE　Be APPROPRIATELY RESPECTFUL IN ACTING TOWARDS OTHERS.
            • YIELD　Be POLITE, USING RITUAL MODERATION AND PERMIT OTHERS to ACT as they DESIRE.
            • GALLANTRY　COMMENDABLY POLITE TEASING ATTENTION, ESPECIALLY of MEN towards WOMEN, PLAYFULLY PRETENDING SEXUAL INTEREST.
          • HONOUR　PUBLIC INTENSE RESPECT TOWARDS a PERSON WITHIN A COMMUNITY.
            Old Chinese Criteria
            1. The current general word for typically public respectful attitudes and actions is jìng 敬 (ant. màn 慢 "fail to show proper respect for").

            2. Gōng 恭 (ant. jù 倨 "behave in an informal impolite way") refers specifically to private proper polite and respectful attitudes shown to a deserving person.

            3. Zūn 尊 (ant. bǐ 鄙 "consider as not worthy of any veneration or respect") refers to psychological public or private respect for someone in a very exalted social, cultural, religious and/or political position, and the degree of public respect is much greater that that in jìng 敬 and reaches into the past to ancestors.

            4. Chóng 崇 and zōng 宗 refers to distant and typically religious veneration of a spirit or person very highly regarded. SHI 靡神不宗 "there are no spirits which we have not honoured"

            5. Lǐ 禮 (ant. màn 慢 "treat without proper ritual respect") refers to a proper show of public demonstrative respect for someone on the part of a host or a superior.

            6. Wèi 畏 (ant. xiá 狎 "treat without the proper respect due to someone in high position, treat with improper familiarity") refers to awe-struck respect for a person in authority.

            7. Lóng 隆 typically refers to due diligent respect for abstract values.

            8. Qīn 欽 is an archaic courtly word referring to formal conformity with the rules of polite respect for superiors on public occasions.

            9. Zhī 知 focusses on proper appreciation of a person, accompanied by recognition of that person's worth.

            Modern Chinese Criteria
            恭敬

            虔敬

            恭謹

            尊敬

            尊重

            威信

            威望

            敬

            拜

            恂恂

            肅然起敬

            必恭必敬

            穆穆肅肅

            相敬如賓

            舉案齊眉

            正襟危坐

            rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

            Old Chinese Contrasts
            Jìng 敬 stresses concern for others and for business at hand, gōng 恭 stresses respectful polite behavior as such.

            • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 1178

            • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 159

            • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 319

            • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

              REVERENTIA

              VERECUNDIA

            • Tolkovo-kombinatornyj slovar' sovremmenogo russkogo jazyka. Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian ( Mel'cuk 1984) p. 152

            • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 1.75

              ACHTUNG

            • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 410

            • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 506

            • The Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( BORCHERT 2005) p.

            • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.178:123

              RESPECT.EGARDS.CONSIDERATION.DEFERENCE

            • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.238.195

              ADORER.HONORER.REVERER; VENERATION.RESPECT

            • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 215

            • Reverence ( WOODRUFF 2001) p.

              reverence

              hosiotēs

              eusebeia

              aidōs

            • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 50A

            Words

            敬  jìng OC: kreŋs MC: kɣaŋ 97 AttributionsWD

            The current general word for respectful attitudes and actions is jìng 敬 (ant. màn 慢 "fail to show proper respect for").

              Word relations
            • Ant: 慢/IMPOLITE Màn 慢 (ant. jìng 敬 "pay proper and respectful attention to") and jiǎn 簡 (ant. xì 細 "pay detailed attention to") refer to a typically deliberate and defiant, often a deliberately outrageous, failure to pay proper attention to what is expected to be heeded.
            • Ant: 狎/INTIMATE Xiá 狎 can refer both to positive initimacy between friends, and more currently to inappropriate and excessive intimate behaviour with those with whom one is not entitled to be intimate.
            • Epithet: 禮/RITUAL The current general term for everything relating to the system of ritual propriety is lǐ 禮. However the term can also be used to refer to individual prescribed rituals.
            • Contrast: 畏/RESPECT Wèi 畏 (ant. xiá 狎 "treat without the proper respect due to someone in high position, treat with improper familiarity") refers to awe-struck respect for a person in authority.
            • Contrast: 遠/DISTANT The clearly dominant term for distance in general is yuǎn 遠 (ant. jìn 近 "close").
            • Assoc: 恭 / 共/RESPECT Gōng 恭 (ant. jù 倨 "behave in an informal impolite way") refers specifically to private proper polite and respectful attitudes shown to a deserving person.
            • Assoc: 厚/RESPECT
            • Assoc: 孝/VIRTUE Further important virtues are xiào 孝"filial piety", zhōng 忠 "loyal diligence", tì 悌/弟 "brotherly affection", lián 廉 "impeccable probity", jié 節 "moderation", and perhaps yǒng 勇 "the courage of one's moral convictions".
            • Assoc: 尊/RESPECT Zūn 尊 (ant. bǐ 鄙 "consider as not worthy of any veneration or respect") refers to public respect for someone in a very exalted social, cultural, religious and/or political position, and the degree of public respect is much greater that that in jìng 敬 and reaches into the past to ancestors.
            • Assoc: 恭 / 共/RESPECT Gōng 恭 (ant. jù 倨 "behave in an informal impolite way") refers specifically to private proper polite and respectful attitudes shown to a deserving person.
            • Assoc: 重/RESPECT
            • Assoc: 謹/RESPECT

              Syntactic words
            • nabactearnest and respectful diligence; respectful devotion
            • nabpsychrespectful feelingsCH
            • vadNrespectful, devoted 敬色
            • vadVrespectfully 敬服
            • vpostadVgradedrespectfully
            • vt(oN)overt displayshow the proper and required respect for the contextually determinate object
            • vt+prep+Nshow respect to
            • vt[oN]show respect where respect is due
            • vtoN.adVrespecting N to V
            • vtoNappropriateshow due profound respect for
            • vtoNcausativecause to be or become respected
            • vtoNcausativeensure that N is diligent and respectfulCH
            • vtoNcomparativefeel/show more respect for; show the primary respect for; fhow and feel most respect forCH
            • vtoNfigurativetake seriously as dangerous
            • vtoNovert displayshow proper respect for; show obedient unquestioning respect for
            • vtoNpassiveget properly respectedCH
            • vtoNpsychfeel respect for and act earnestly on the basis of this
            畏  wèi OC: quls MC: ʔɨi 55 AttributionsWD

            Wèi 畏 (ant. xiá 狎 "treat without the proper respect due to someone in high position, treat with improper familiarity") refers to awe-struck respect for a person in authority.

              Word relations
            • Ant: 易/DESPISE Yì 易 (ant. zhòng 重 "treat as important") focusses on the subjective failure to take someone or something seriously and does not necessarily involve a critical judgment.
            • Ant: 侮/HUMILIATE The general word for personally and demonstratively humiliating and insulting a person is wǔ 侮 (ant. lǐ 禮 "treat politely, show proper politeness towards").
            • Object: 威/POWER The dominant general words for power are wēi 威 "formidable authority" and shì 勢 "strategic position of power".
            • Contrast: 敬/RESPECT The current general word for respectful attitudes and actions is jìng 敬 (ant. màn 慢 "fail to show proper respect for").
            • Assoc: 重/RESPECT
            • Oppos: 愛/LOVE The clearly dominant word referring to love is ài 愛 (ant. hèn 恨 "dislike"; rarely zēng 憎 "dislike"; and wù 惡 "hate"), and this word refers both to the feelings of love and to the expression of love in loving care for another person as well as in sexual relations. (Occasionally, the word may refer to the emotional preference that a small child feels for its parents. For this meaning see PREFER.)

              Syntactic words
            • nabpsychrespect, respect mixed with fearLZ
            • vadVwith respectful fear
            • vibe awe-struck; stand in awe
            • vt(oN)stand in awe of a personLZ
            • vt+prep+Nfeel respect for
            • vt[oN]stand in awe of those in authority
            • vtoNpassivebe respected, be held in awe
            • vtoNputativeHS, Dongfang Shuo: admire as outstanding, stand in awe of
            • vtoNstative畏天之威"fear the authority of Heaven": cognate with wēi 威 "authority"] fear and revere; stand in fearful awe of 
            尊  zūn OC: tsuun MC: tsuo̝n 51 AttributionsWD

            Zūn 尊 (ant. bǐ 鄙 "consider as not worthy of any veneration or respect") refers to public respect for someone in a very exalted social, cultural, religious and/or political position, and the degree of public respect is much greater that that in jìng 敬 and reaches into the past to ancestors.

              Word relations
            • Object: 君/RULER Jūn 君 (ant. chén 臣 "minister") refers specifically to someone who is politically or administratively in charge of others as a ruler.
            • Object: 賢/EXCELLENT
            • Object: 師/TEACHER The current general word for a (revered) teacher of one's choice is shī 師.
            • Contrast: 厚/RESPECT
            • Assoc: 崇/RESPECT Chóng 崇 and zōng 宗 refers to distant and typically religious veneration of a spirit or person very highly regarded. SHI 靡神不宗"there are no spirits which we have not honoured"
            • Assoc: 敬/RESPECT The current general word for respectful attitudes and actions is jìng 敬 (ant. màn 慢 "fail to show proper respect for").

              Syntactic words
            • nabactbeing respected> respect
            • vadNmiddle voice, religiousreligiously veneratedCH
            • vadNv=middle voicehighly respected, veneratedCH
            • vtoNattitudinalshow proper reverential respect for; venerate, revere, show respect for; treat with demonstrative respect
            • vtoNcausativecause to be highly respected; elevate to a respectful position; show respect for
            • vtoNpassivebe respectedCH
            • vtoNpassive attitudinalbe treated with respect, enjoy respect
            • vtoNputative(regard as distinguished>) to honour as deserving public respect; ensure position of public honour and esteem;
            恭  gōng OC: koŋ MC: ki̯oŋ
            共  gōng OC: koŋ MC: ki̯oŋ 40 AttributionsWD

            Gōng 恭 (ant. jù 倨 "behave in an informal impolite way") refers specifically to private proper polite and respectful attitudes shown to a deserving person.

              Word relations
            • Contrast: 信/FAITHFUL The current general word for trustiness or good faith is xìn 信.
            • Assoc: 下/RESPECT
            • Assoc: 儉/DECENT Jiǎn 儉 (ant. chǐ 侈 "excessiveness") is the important virtue of decent restraint in Confucian moral spirituality and it is something cultivated by a moral effort.
            • Assoc: 敬/RESPECT The current general word for respectful attitudes and actions is jìng 敬 (ant. màn 慢 "fail to show proper respect for").
            • Assoc: 謹/DILIGENT The current word for (typically respectful) meticulous and almost fastidious diligence is jǐn 謹 (ant. màn 慢 "be neglectful").
            • Oppos: 安/COMFORTABLE The standard word for material and psychological comfort is ān 安.

              Syntactic words
            • nabacthumble respectfulness, humility, humble politeness; polite correctness in behaviour
            • vadNrespectful
            • vadVrespectfully
            • vipsychfeel deferential politeness
            • vt[oN]show one's humble respect to others as required by etiquette; be respectful and polite to others
            • vtoNshow obedient respect for
            • vtoNcausativeensure that (someone) is polite and respectful, ensure that (someone) shows humble politeness
            • vtoNreflexiveensure one's own polite deference
            禮  lǐ OC: riiʔ MC: lei 19 AttributionsWD

            Lǐ 禮 (ant. màn 慢 "treat without proper ritual respect") refers to a proper show of public demonstrative respect for someone on the part of a host or a superior.

              Syntactic words
            • nabpsychrespect, obeisance
            • vt+prep+Nshow respect to; treat with polite consideration; pay special ritual respect to
            • vt[oN]display proper respect towards others
            • vtoNgradedshow proper respect to; treat with proper politeness See HOSPITALITY 甚禮之
            隆  lóng OC: ɡ-rum MC: luŋ 19 AttributionsWD

            Lóng 隆 typically refers to due diligent respect for abstract values.

              Syntactic words
            • V>Nabdeverbal nominalised NabCH
            • v[adN]what is highly respectable, in XUN coming close to metonymy for the ritualLZ
            • vtoNhold in high public esteem, show deep reverence for (as for ritual, or for a teacher)
            恭敬  gōng jìng OC: koŋ kreŋs MC: ki̯oŋ kɣaŋ 18 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPabactproper respectful reverence and diligence in the performance of one's duties
            • VPishow every kind of respectful diligence in action
            • VPisubject=nonhumanbe respectfulLZ
            • VPt(oN)show great respect to the contextually determinate N
            • VPtoNrespect; show a politely considerate attitude towards
            崇  chóng OC: dzruŋ MC: ɖʐuŋ 16 AttributionsWD

            Chóng 崇 and zōng 宗 refers to distant and typically religious veneration of a spirit or person very highly regarded. SHI 靡神不宗"there are no spirits which we have not honoured"

              Word relations
            • Ant: 卑/DESPISE Bēi 卑 (ant. zūn 尊 "venerate as distinguished") refers to regarding a person as characterised by his or her low social standing.
            • Ant: 棄/DISCARD The standard general words for discarding something is qì 棄 (ant. qǔ 取 "choose to retain") and the somewhat rarer juān 捐.
            • Assoc: 尊/RESPECT Zūn 尊 (ant. bǐ 鄙 "consider as not worthy of any veneration or respect") refers to public respect for someone in a very exalted social, cultural, religious and/or political position, and the degree of public respect is much greater that that in jìng 敬 and reaches into the past to ancestors.
            • Oppos: 下/RESPECT

              Syntactic words
            • nabaction.passivebeing revered: reverence shown to oneCH
            • nobjectmost respected person
            • vtoNpay due respect to; to hold in very high esteem, admire
            重  zhòng OC: doŋʔ MC: ɖi̯oŋ 16 AttributionsWD

              Word relations
            • Ant: 薄/DESPISE
            • Assoc: 敬/RESPECT The current general word for respectful attitudes and actions is jìng 敬 (ant. màn 慢 "fail to show proper respect for").
            • Assoc: 畏/RESPECT Wèi 畏 (ant. xiá 狎 "treat without the proper respect due to someone in high position, treat with improper familiarity") refers to awe-struck respect for a person in authority.
            • Relat: 威/POWER The dominant general words for power are wēi 威 "formidable authority" and shì 勢 "strategic position of power".

              Syntactic words
            • vadNimportant; esteemed; morally weighty
            • vt+prep+Nattach importance to> show respect for
            • vtoNattitudinalregard as being of great importance and as deserving great respect (a person or a thing); treat as important
            • vtoNpassivebe regarded with great respect (by someone)
            知  zhī OC: te MC: ʈiɛ 14 AttributionsWD

            Zhī 知 focusses on proper appreciation of a person, accompanied by recognition of that person's worth.

              Syntactic words
            • vtoNappreciate properly, recognise (a person for his true value); repect properly for what a person is
            • vtoNpassivebe appreciated properly, be respected properly; be understood properly
            宗  zōng OC: tsuuŋ MC: tsuo̝ŋ 13 AttributionsWD

            Chóng 崇 and zōng 宗 refers to distant and typically religious veneration of a spirit or person very highly regarded. SHI 靡神不宗"there are no spirits which we have not honoured"

              Syntactic words
            • nadNrespected
            • vt(oN)hold in high religious respectCH
            • vt+prep+Npay one's respects to (as in an ancestral temple)
            • vtoNpay one's high and religious respects to (someone) as one's ancestor or as a revered spirit
            • vtoNintensitivehold on high respect, revereCH
            • vtoNpassivebe held in the highest esteem
            貴  guì OC: kluds MC: kɨi 13 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • vadNappreciated and respectedLZ
            • vtoNappreciate and respect
            • vtoNcausativecause N to be held in high esteem; make N respectableLZ
            • vtoNpassivebe held in high esteem; be appreciated and respectedLZ
            祗  zhī OC: tjil MC: tɕi 9 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • nabpolite ritual respectfulnessCH
            • v[adN]N=humthose who are respectful
            • vadNrelating to respectCH
            • vadVrespectfully
            • viarchaic/poetic, SHI, SHU: be respectfully diligent
            • vtoNfollow respectfully
            望  wàng MC: mjangH OC: maŋsCH 7 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • nabpublic estimation; respect for (and also hope placed in one)CH
            下  xià OC: ɢraas MC: ɦɣɛ 6 AttributionsWD

              Word relations
            • Assoc: 恭 / 共/RESPECT Gōng 恭 (ant. jù 倨 "behave in an informal impolite way") refers specifically to private proper polite and respectful attitudes shown to a deserving person.
            • Oppos: 崇/RESPECT Chóng 崇 and zōng 宗 refers to distant and typically religious veneration of a spirit or person very highly regarded. SHI 靡神不宗"there are no spirits which we have not honoured"

              Syntactic words
            • nabdisposition/actionrespectful attitude
            • vtoNhumble oneself before> show reverence to 下人"(as a superior) treat others with respect" to treat with humility, treat deferentially (persons whom one is not obliged to treat that way); mix congenially with (those who are of lower status)
            謹  jǐn OC: klɯnʔ MC: kɨn 6 AttributionsWD

              Word relations
            • Assoc: 敬/RESPECT The current general word for respectful attitudes and actions is jìng 敬 (ant. màn 慢 "fail to show proper respect for").

              Syntactic words
            • vadVrespectfully
            • viactshow diligent respect
            愛敬  ài jìng OC: qɯɯds kreŋs MC: ʔəi kɣaŋ 6 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPabpsychlove and respect; loving respect
            • VPt[oN]show respect to others
            • VPtoNshow loving respect for
            媚  mèi OC: mrils MC: mi 5 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • vt+prep+Nshow exceedingly polite (religious) respect for; show great respect for (SHI also: the common people??????)
            • vtoNshow intense respect for
            敬心  jìng xīn OC: kreŋs slɯm MC: kɣaŋ sim 5 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPabpsychpious respect
            • NPadVwith respectful hearts> respectfully
            • VPibe full of respect
            禮謝  lǐ xiè OC: riiʔ MC: lei zɣɛ 5 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPt(oN)omBUDDH: ?? to express one's respect and gratitude through bowing to; to ritually bow to N as expression of gratitude (with contextually determinate object)
            • VPtoNBUDDH: ?? express one's respect and gratitude through bowing to; to ritually bow to N as expression of gratitude
            辭讓  cí ràng OC: zɯ njaŋs MC: zɨ ȵi̯ɐŋ 5 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPab{N1=N2}dispositiondeference
            • VPiactbe polite and respectful
            朝  cháo OC: daw MC: ɖiɛu 4 AttributionsWD

              Word relations
            • Assoc: 宗/RESPECT Chóng 崇 and zōng 宗 refers to distant and typically religious veneration of a spirit or person very highly regarded. SHI 靡神不宗"there are no spirits which we have not honoured"

              Syntactic words
            • vt+prep+Npay one's respects to
            • vtoNshow one's respect by visiting the court ofCH
            • vtoNcausativecause N to pay respect at courtCH
            • vtoNN=abstractshow one's respect to at courtCH
            欽  qīn OC: khrɯm MC: khim 4 AttributionsWD

            Qīn 欽 is an archaic courtly word referring to formal conformity with the rules of polite respect for superiors on public occasions.

              Syntactic words
            • viimperativebe diligently respectful!
            • vtoNhold in high esteem and respect
            虔  qián OC: ɡren MC: giɛn 4 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • nabpsychrespect
            • vadVrespectfully
            • vtoNbe respectful to
            相尊  xiāng zūn MC: sjang tswon OC: sqaŋ tsuunCH 4 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPabfor authoritiesthe highest respect for authoritiesCH
            • NPabmutualmutual respect of the highest orderCH
            • VPimutualshow the highest mutual respectCH
            • VPtoNshow/feel the highest respect forCH
            長  zhǎng MC: drjang OC: krlaŋʔCH 4 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • vt(oN)show respect to the contextually relevant creatureCH
            • vtoNrespect as one's seniorCH
            厚  hòu OC: ɡoos MC: ɦu 3 AttributionsWD

              Word relations
            • Contrast: 尊/RESPECT Zūn 尊 (ant. bǐ 鄙 "consider as not worthy of any veneration or respect") refers to public respect for someone in a very exalted social, cultural, religious and/or political position, and the degree of public respect is much greater that that in jìng 敬 and reaches into the past to ancestors.
            • Assoc: 敬/RESPECT The current general word for respectful attitudes and actions is jìng 敬 (ant. màn 慢 "fail to show proper respect for").

              Syntactic words
            • vtoNtake seriously and respect
            • vtoNpassivebe respectedLZ
            奉  fèng OC: boŋʔ MC: bi̯oŋ 2 AttributionsWD

              Word relations
            • Object: 法/LAW The current general word for a law, a legal system or any legal provision of any kind is fǎ 法.
            • Oppos: 枉/TWIST Wǎng 枉 (ant. zhèng 正 "straight and unwarped") refers to bending as distortion. The word is predominantly transferred in meaning and prototypically refers to the bending of the law.

              Syntactic words
            • vtoNrespect
            庭  tíng OC: deeŋ MC: deŋ 2 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • viactshow respect to the court
            恪  kè OC: khlaaɡ MC: khɑk 2 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • nsubjectthe honoured one (state)
            • vadVrespectfully; earnestly
            • vibe respectful and diligent (with respect to things)
            • vtoNarchaic/poetic, SHI, SHU: make a diligent and earnest show of respect
            尊敬  zūn jìng OC: tsuun kreŋs MC: tsuo̝n kɣaŋ 2 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPtoNrespect, honor
            崇敬  chóng jìng OC: dzruŋ kreŋs MC: ɖʐuŋ kɣaŋ 2 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPtoNrespect
            • VPtoNreflexive.自respect oneself
            敬共  jìng gōng OC: kreŋs koŋ MC: kɣaŋ ki̯oŋ
            敬恭  jìng gōng OC: kreŋs koŋ MC: kɣaŋ ki̯oŋ 2 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPt(oN)show obedient respect to
            敬重  jìng zhòng OC: kreŋs doŋʔ MC: kɣaŋ ɖi̯oŋ 2 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPabpsychrespectfulness
            • VPtoNshowshow respect for N
            戴  dài MC: tojH OC: k-lɯɯsCH 2 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoNreflexive.己have (self)-esteemCH
            竦  sǒng OC: soŋʔ MC: si̯oŋ 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoNshow respect, esteem
            • vtoNcausativemake respectful
            肅  sù OC: sɯwɡ MC: suk 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • vadVgravely; seriously, with serious respectful diligence
            • viactLIJI 1.27: show earnst respect
            至  zhì OC: kljiɡs MC: tɕi 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoNpay the ultimate respect to
            尊重  zūn zhòng OC: tsuun doŋʔ MC: tsuo̝n ɖi̯oŋ 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPt(oN)venerate the contextually determinate N
            忠敬  zhōng jìng OC: krluŋ kreŋs MC: ʈuŋ kɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPabactdevoted respect> respectful devotion
            敬待  jìng dài OC: kreŋs ɡ-lɯɯʔ MC: kɣaŋ dəi 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPtoNshow respect for
            敬服  jìng fú OC: kreŋs bɯɡ MC: kɣaŋ buk 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPt(oN)show respect for the contextually determinate N
            珍重  zhēn zhòng OC: k-lɯn doŋʔ MC: ʈin ɖi̯oŋ 1 AttributionWD
            • 唐五代語言詞典 Táng Wǔdài yǔyán cídiǎn A Dictionary of the Language of the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods ( JIANG/CAO 1997) p. 439

              Syntactic words
            • VPtoNthink highly of, respect
            畏忌  wèi jì OC: quls ɡɯs MC: ʔɨi gɨ 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPt[oN]show proper respect to one's superiors/to things deserving respect
            致敬  zhì jìng OC: k-liɡs kreŋs MC: ʈi kɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPt(oN)show one's respect to the contextually determinate N
            • VPtoNshow one's respect to (by paying a visit)
            謙敬  qiān jìng OC: khleem kreŋs MC: khem kɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPabpsychhumble respect
            踧爾  cù ěr OC: sklɯwɡ mljelʔ MC: tsuk ȵiɛ 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPadVrespectfully
            靖共  jìng gōng MC: dzjengX kjowng OC: dzeŋʔ koŋLZ 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPtoNattitudinalapproach earnestly and with full respectLZ
            恭己  gōng jǐ MC: kjowng kiX OC: koŋ kɯʔCH 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPiactshow devoted self-respectCH
            攝齊  shè qí MC: syep dzej OC: qhljeb dziilCH 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPadVrespectfully pulling up one garment in order to avoid stumbling> respectfullyCH
            供冀  gōng jì MC: kjowng kijH OC: koŋ krɯlsLZ 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPi(possibly = gong1yi4 恭翼) be respectful, to show respectLZ
            憚  dàn 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoNpassivebe feared and respectedLZ
            祗敬  zhī jìng MC: tsyij kjaengH OC: tjil kreŋsLZ 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPtoNvenerate, hold in high esteemLZ
            • VPtoNcausativemake N to be veneratedLZ
            貴敬  guì jìng MC: kjw+jH kjaengH OC: kluds kreŋsLZ 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPtoNappreciate and respectLZ
            貴老  guì lǎo MC: kjw+jH lawX OC: kluds ɡ-ruuʔCH 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPt(oN)respect the contextually determinate N as (one does) one's eldersCH
            上  shàng MC: dzyangX OC: ɡljaŋʔCH 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoNrespect as being of superior importanceCH
            右  yòu MC: hjuwX OC: ɢʷɯʔCH 1 AttributionWD

              Word relations
            • Oppos: 非/CRITICISE The current general term for criticism is fēi 非 (ant. shì 是 "approve of").

              Syntactic words
            • vtoNrespect as being of major importanceCH
            栗  lì OC: b-riɡ MC: lit 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • virespectful (K) ????
            褰  qiān OC: khran MC: khiɛn 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoNlift clothes as a sign of respect
            敬忠  jìng zhōng OC: kreŋs krluŋ MC: kɣaŋ ʈuŋ 0 AttributionsWD

            respectfully to do one's devoted best

              Syntactic words
            • VPiactbe respectfuly diligent
            畏重  wèi zhòng OC: quls doŋʔ MC: ʔɨi ɖi̯oŋ 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            禮下  lǐ xià OC: riiʔ ɢraaʔ MC: lei ɦɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPtoNshow ritually correct/proper respect to
            踧然  cù rán OC: sklɯwɡ njen MC: tsuk ȵiɛn 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPadNrespectful
            客  kè OC: khraaɡ MC: khɣɛk 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoNattitudinaltreat politely as a guest
              Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoNreflexive.己have (self)-esteemCH

            Existing SW for

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