INTIMATE    關係密切的親／狎

INTERACT HARMONIOUSLY BECAUSE of MUTUAL LOVE.
CLOSEBOSOMDEARCHERISHEDFAITHFULDEVOTEDFASTFIRMFAMILIARINFORMAL CHUMMY
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general word for close familiarity is qīn 親 (ant. shū 疏 "have only distant relations with"), but the word often retains connotations of kinship relations. 2. Xiá 狎 can refer both to positive initimacy between friends, and more currently to inappropriate and excessive intimate behaviour with those with whom one is not entitled to be intimate. 3. Niǔ 狃 and xiè 褻 (ant. jìng 敬 "show proper respect to"(!)) refers to excessive and reprehensible and often even indecent overfamiliarity. 4. Mì 密 (ant. shū 疏 "have only distant relations with") refers to close political or ideological relations. 5. Nì 暱 refers to close emotional or personal links. 6. Xìng 倖 refers specifically to closeness to superiors which is based on favour on the part of the latter.
Modern Chinese Criteria
親密 密切 親切 親近 接近 昵昵 親昵 親熱 相親 親愛 恩愛 熱和 近乎 友於 相於 款洽 莫逆 把臂 知己 梯己 知心 貼心 切倚 親 密 摯 近 折節下交 一見如故 打得火熱 不分彼此 親密無間 形影不離 形影相隨 如影隨形 相親相愛 寸步不離 如膠似漆 水乳交融 如魚得水 相見恨晚 相知恨晚 相依為命 心連心 十指連心 心心相印 體貼入微 千絲萬縷 萬縷千絲 情同手足 親如手足 如兄如弟 親如家人 骨肉相連 血肉相連 唇亡齒寒 唇齒相依 輔車相依 山水相連 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • TENDER　INTIMATE so as to SHOW LOVE USING MUTUAL TOUCHING. (anc: 14/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • DISTANTRELATION between TWO THINGS that are NOT MUTUALLY NEAR.
See also
  • FRIENDHUMAN with whom one INTERACTS with MUTUAL LOVE AND RESPECT BECAUSE s/he has RESEMBLING ASPIRATIONS.
  • FRIVOLOUSUNRESTRAINED so as to LACK SERIOUSNESS.
  • LEWDUNRESTRAINED NOT APPROPRIATE TENDENCY towards SEEKING INTERCOURSE.
Hypernym
  • INTERACT　ACT so as to CAUSE ANOTHER TO REACT. (anc: 12/0, child: 14)
  • ACT　MOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision. (anc: 11/0, child: 24)
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 505;645

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 333

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    FAMILIARITAS

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 309

  • Ästhetische Grundbegriffe ( BARCK 2010) p. 3.175

    • Words (25 items)

    親  qīn OC: tshiŋ MC: tshin 98 Attributions

    The general word for close familiarity is qīn 親 (ant. shū 疏 "have only distant relations with"), but the word often retains connotations of kinship relations.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 棄/DISCARD The standard general words for discarding something is qì 棄 (ant. qǔ 取 "choose to retain") and the somewhat rarer juān 捐.
    • Ant: 疏/DISTANT Shū 疏 (ant. qīn 親 "close") often refers to distance of relation in a more than purely physical sense.
    • Ant: 仇 / 讎/ENEMY Qiú 仇 "fiend" (ant. qīn 親 "someone close to one") refers to a mortal enemy with whom one has a serious feud.
    • Ant: 遠/DISTANT The clearly dominant term for distance in general is yuǎn 遠 (ant. jìn 近 "close").
    • Ant: /
    • Epithet: 愛/LOVE The clearly dominant word referring to love is ài 愛 (ant. hèn 恨 "dislike"; rarely zēng 憎 "dislike"; and wù 惡 "hate"), and this word refers both to the feelings of love and to the expression of love in loving care for another person as well as in sexual relations. (Occasionally, the word may refer to the emotional preference that a small child feels for its parents. For this meaning see PREFER.)
    • Contrast: 附/INTIMATE
    • Assoc: 愛/LOVE The clearly dominant word referring to love is ài 愛 (ant. hèn 恨 "dislike"; rarely zēng 憎 "dislike"; and wù 惡 "hate"), and this word refers both to the feelings of love and to the expression of love in loving care for another person as well as in sexual relations. (Occasionally, the word may refer to the emotional preference that a small child feels for its parents. For this meaning see PREFER.)
    • Assoc: 愛/LOVE The clearly dominant word referring to love is ài 愛 (ant. hèn 恨 "dislike"; rarely zēng 憎 "dislike"; and wù 惡 "hate"), and this word refers both to the feelings of love and to the expression of love in loving care for another person as well as in sexual relations. (Occasionally, the word may refer to the emotional preference that a small child feels for its parents. For this meaning see PREFER.)
    • Assoc: 附/INTIMATE
    • Assoc: 近/INTIMATE
    • Synon: 幸/FAVOURITE The current general word for enjoying favourite status is xìng 幸 (ant.* qì 棄 "be rejected as favourite; rejected"); and the standard general word for showing favour to a favourite is chǒng 寵.
    • Synon: 附/INTIMATE

      Syntactic words
    • nabdispositionproper intimacy of social relations; close and intimate relations; closeness of a relationship
    • v[adN]nonreferentialthose who are close to one, close allies; close friends
    • vadNintimate, close
    • vadVlovingly
    • vadVnegativewithout maintaining a discreet distance
    • vibe close to one; be close to each other; be on harmonious terms; have intimate releations with one another; be on close terms
    • vi2reciprocalbe close to one; be close to each other; be on harmonious terms; have intimate reletions with one another; be on close termsLZ
    • vigradedbe dear to the heart, be emotionally close; be intimate 太親
    • vt(oN)N=nonrefgain intimacy with others
    • vt(oN)psychologicalhave warm feelings for the contextually determinate NCH
    • vt+prep+Nbe more intimate than N
    • vtoNshow personal close affection for, keep close to, be on close terms with; attach oneself to, develop close relations with
    • vtoNcausativecause to become intimate; make close to each other
    • vtoNgradedtreat with intimate concern; show proper close concern for, treat with loving care
    • vtoNobject=nonhufeel an affinity for, show intimate concern for (things)
    狎  xiá OC: ɡraab MC: ɦɣap 22 Attributions

    Xiá 狎 can refer both to positive initimacy between friends, and more currently to inappropriate and excessive intimate behaviour with those with whom one is not entitled to be intimate.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 敬/RESPECT The current general word for respectful attitudes and actions is jìng 敬 (ant. màn 慢 "fail to show proper respect for").

      Syntactic words
    • nabactintimate personal relations; closeness of of relationsCH
    • vicultivate intimate friendships
    • vt(oN)be on intimate terms with; often: be on inappropriately close terms with some contextually derminate person
    • vt(oN)gradedbecome more and more familiar with the contextually determiate NCH
    • vt+prep+Ncome close to; have intimate or excessively informal relations with
    • vt[oN]be impertinent; be unduly familiar with superiors or with other persons who deserve respect
    • vtoNdevelop an intimate relationship with; cultivate an intimate friendship with
    • vtoNnegativehave improperly intimate relations with; show improper intimacy in interacting with a superior
    • vtoNpassivebe made the object of excessive intimacy
    親近  qīn jìn OC: tshiŋ ɡɯns MC: tshin gɨn 11 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP[adN]those who are on close terms of kinship or otherwise
    • NPabactintimate association
    • VPicultivate relations of closeness with others
    • VPt(oN)cultivate close relations with the contextually determinte N
    • VPtoNfigurativecultivate close relations with
    • VPtpost.vt+Ncultivate close relations with N
    近  jìn OC: ɡɯns MC: gɨn 9 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 疏/DISTANT Shū 疏 (ant. qīn 親 "close") often refers to distance of relation in a more than purely physical sense.
    • Assoc: 親/INTIMATE The general word for close familiarity is qīn 親 (ant. shū 疏 "have only distant relations with"), but the word often retains connotations of kinship relations.
    • Assoc: 習/FRIEND

      Syntactic words
    • nabactthe cultivation of intimate relations with others
    • v[adN]N=humthose who are close
    • vadNpsychologicalclosely allied, closely relatedCH
    • vt+prep+Nbe on close terms with, be "close" to
    • vtoNcultivate intimate or close relations with; manage to establish close relations with
    • vtoNfigurativetake a close interest in
    褻  xiè OC: sŋed MC: siɛt 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNfavoured; intimate; private (dress; 褻衣 underwear); informal (dress 褻服 informal dress)
    • vibe on intimate terms with
    • vtoNbe very close to; be too close to; have improperly intimate relations with
    • vtoNnegativebe unduly intimate in one's relations with (a superior)
    暱  nì OC: nid MC: ɳit
    昵  nì OC: nid MC: ɳit 4 Attributions

    Nì 暱 refers to close emotional or personal links.

      Syntactic words
    • v[adN1.]post-N2someone close to one
    • v[adN]nonreferentialthe one one is close to; those one is close to
    • vienjoy very close relations with
    • vtoNstativebe close to, be familiar with
    附  fù OC: bos MC: bi̯o 3 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 親/INTIMATE The general word for close familiarity is qīn 親 (ant. shū 疏 "have only distant relations with"), but the word often retains connotations of kinship relations.
    • Assoc: 親/INTIMATE The general word for close familiarity is qīn 親 (ant. shū 疏 "have only distant relations with"), but the word often retains connotations of kinship relations.
    • Synon: 親/INTIMATE The general word for close familiarity is qīn 親 (ant. shū 疏 "have only distant relations with"), but the word often retains connotations of kinship relations.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbefriend
    戚  qī OC: skhlɯɯwɡ MC: tshek 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • v[adN]nonreferentialthe intimate ones
    • vibe emotionally close to, intimate
    • vi0there are close relations between people
    狎習  xiá xí OC: ɡraab sɢlɯb MC: ɦɣap zip 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)be in close relations with the contextually determinate thing
    • VPtoNcultivate close relations with
    親䟽  qīn shū MC: tshin -- OC: tshiŋ sqra 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPab{nab1ant.nab2}featurerelative intimacyLZ
    親信  qīn xìn OC: tshiŋ sins MC: tshin sin 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]close trusted collaborators
    親暱  qīn nì OC: tshiŋ nid MC: tshin ɳit
    親昵  qīn nì OC: tshiŋ nid MC: tshin ɳit 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]pluralthe one one is close to; those one is close to
    親疏  qīn shū OC: tshiŋ sqra MC: tshin ʂi̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeaturerelative intimacy
    私暱  sī nì OC: sil nid MC: si ɳit 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN1.](post-N2)one's most intimate associates; the most intimate associates of the contextually determinate person N2
    齺然  zhuó rán MC: dzraewk nyen OC: -- njen 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadSmutually trusting each other in harmonyLZ
    • VPadVmutually trusting each other in harmonyLZ
    親附  qīn fù OC: tshiŋ bos MC: tshin bi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNget (politically) close to
    狃  niǔ OC: m-luʔ MC: ɳɨu 1 Attribution

    Niǔ 狃 and xiè 褻 (ant. jìng 敬"show proper respect to"(!)) refers to excessive and reprehensible and often even indecent overfamiliarity.

      Syntactic words
    • vichangebecome overconfident in relation to others and arrogant
    • vtoNtreat with exaggerated familiarity; be wilful and arrogant in relation to others
    親厚  qīn hòu OC: tshiŋ ɡoos MC: tshin ɦu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabsocialclose relationship
    • VPt(oN)show warm concern for contextually determinate persons
    鄰  lín OC: rin MC: lin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbe on intimate terms with ZUO 鄰于君
    疏親  shū qīn OC: sqra tshiŋ MC: ʂi̯ɤ tshin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeaturerelative intimacy
    倖  xìng OC: ɢreeŋʔ MC: ɦɣɛŋ 0 Attributions

    Xìng 倖 refers specifically to closeness to superiors which is based on favour on the part of the latter.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNfavoured and close
    匹  pǐ OC: phid MC: phit 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe intimate; be peer
    • vtoNattitudinaltreat as a peer, treat in a chummy way without proper respect; fail to show proper respect
    善  shàn OC: ɡjenʔ MC: dʑiɛn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNstativebe on intimate terms with
    密  mì OC: mbriɡ MC: mit 0 Attributions

    Mì 密 (ant. shū 疏 "have only distant relations with") refers to close political or ideological relations.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNZUO: be close to, entertain close political relations with
    毗  pí MC: bjij OC: -- 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt prep Nbe close to NCH