DESPISE  輕視

FEEL that a THING OR a HUMAN is UNIMPORTANT AND BAD AND DESERVES NO RESPECT
CONTEMPTDETESTHATELOATHEABHOREXECRATEDEPLOREDISLIKESCORNDISDAINLOOK DOWN ONDERIDESNEER ATREVILESPURNSHUNFORMAL ABOMINATE
Antonym
  • ADMIREAPPRECIATE AND DELIGHT in what one BELIEVES is MORE GOOD IN-RELATION-TO either ONESELF OR IN-RELATION-TO what is COMMON.
    • RESPECTADMIRE as NOBLE AND SERVE POLITELY.
      Hypernym
      • SOCIAL EMOTIONFEELING ENACTED IN RELATION TO OTHER HUMANS.
        • FEELINGNATURAL REACTION IN one's MIND.
          • REACTCHANGE one's THINKING OR ACTING BECAUSE one is PERCEIVING something.
            • CHANGEEVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2....
      See also
      • PROUDDELIGHT in what one BELIEVES to be one's SELF:own EXCELLENCE.
        Hyponym
        • CYNICISM　DOCTRINE that one SHOULD DESPISE ALL THINGS AND PERSONS BECAUSE THEY LACK REAL VALUE.
          Old Chinese Criteria
          1. The most widely used general word for contempt is qīng 輕 (ant. zhòng 重 "rate as important"), and the word typically describes an attitude based on a critical judgment. See also UNIMPORTANT

          2. Yì 易 (ant. zhòng 重 "treat as important") focusses on the subjective failure to take someone or something seriously and does not necessarily involve a critical judgment.

          3. Bēi 卑 (ant. zūn 尊 "venerate as distinguished") refers to regarding a person as characterised by his or her low social standing.

          4. Jiàn 賤 (guì 貴 "hold in high esteem" and jìng 敬 "respect") are to regard someone as vulgar, and typically as of slight moral worth.

          5. Hòu 後 (ant. xiān 先 "put first") is to fail to show proper respect for someone.

          6. Xiǎo 小 and shǎo 少 (ant. duō 多 "rate highly") expresses a negative judgment on the significance of a person or thing.

          7. Ào 傲 adds the nuance of arrogance to the notion of contempt.

          8. Miè 蔑 "to regard someone with no respect" describes a purely psychological attitude.

          9.Mà4n 慢 refers to a demonstrative failure to show proper respect for someone.

          10. Dú 瀆 refers to a disrespectful attitude or disregard for someone or something.

          Modern Chinese Criteria
          輕視

          蔑視

          鄙視

          藐視

          小視

          小看

          小瞧

          看輕

          鄙薄

          鄙夷

          鄙棄

          鄙視

          唾棄

          吐棄

          輕蔑

          侮蔑

          不齒

          菲薄

          睥睨

          傲睨

          藐

          薄

          輕

          看不起

          瞧不起

          不屑一顧

          睨而視之

          嗤之以鼻

          視如敝屣

          文人相輕

          低估

          歧視



          rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

          • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

            DESPISE

            spernere is "to reject" as unworthy of one's attention or pursuit.

            despicere refers to looking upon something with contempt so as to disregard it.

            fastidire refers to a strong disdain or scorn which leads one to disregard something, and this is normally by a natural inclination, an antipathy.

            temnere refers to a refusal to take something seriously or to regard it as important.

            contemnere refers to a determined, explicit and insistent refusal to take something seriusly or to regard it as important.

            aspernari refers to a rejection of something with contempt.

            negligere refers to a plain careless failure or refusal to pay attention to something or to take account of something.

            recusare refers to an explicit declaration of an unwillingness to take someting seriously or to take it into account.

          • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 47

          • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

            CONTEMPTUS

          • Dictionnaire explicatif et combinatoire du francais contemporain, vol. I ( Mel'cuk I) p. 129

          • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p.

          • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 11.563

            VERACHTUNG

          • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 305

          • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 42

          • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 5OA

          Attributions by syntactic funtion

          • vtoN : 117
          • nab : 3
          • VPtoN : 3
          • vttoN1.+N2 : 1
          • vt(oN) : 1
          • vt(oN.)-p : 1
          • VPt(oN) : 1
          • NPab : 1
          • vt+V[0] : 1

          Attributions by text

          • 韓非子 : 37
          • 春秋左傳 : 24
          • 荀子 : 10
          • 管子 : 6
          • 文選 : 5
          • 春秋穀梁傳 : 5
          • 莊子 : 4
          • 呂氏春秋 : 4
          • 賢愚經 : 4
          • 墨子 : 3
          • 典論一卷 : 3
          • 阮籍集四卷 : 3
          • 禮記 : 3
          • 淮南子 : 2
          • 戰國策 : 2
          • 史記 : 2
          • 韓詩外傳 : 2
          • 文子 : 2
          • 說苑 : 1
          • 新書 : 1
          • 孟子 : 1
          • 尚書 : 1
          • 論語 : 1
          • 祖堂集 : 1
          • 古列女傳 : 1
          • 尸子 : 1

          Words

          賤  jiàn OC: dzens MC: dziɛn 24 AttributionsWD

          Jiàn 賤 (guì 貴 "hold in high esteem" and jìng 敬 "respect") are to regard someone as vulgar, and typically as of slight moral worth.

            Word relations
          • Contrast: 薄/DESPISE
          • Contrast: 輕 / 輕/DESPISE The most widely used general word for contempt is qīng 輕 (ant. zhòng 重 "rate as important"), and the word typically describes an attitude based on a critical judgment. See also UNIMPORTANT

            Syntactic words
          • nabactdisrespect (undergone by someone)
          • vt(oN)putativehold the contextually determinate object in low esteem, regard N as vulgar
          • vt+V[0]putativeconsider it as vulgar to V
          • vtoNdeclarativedeclare to be morally inferior
          • vtoNpassivebe held in low esteemCH
          • vtoNputativeoften graded: regard as vulgar; hold in low(er) esteem; think nothing of; despise, hold in contempt
          輕  qìng OC: kheŋs MC: khiɛŋ
          輕  qīng OC: kheŋ MC: khiɛŋ 20 AttributionsWD

          The most widely used general word for contempt is qīng 輕 (ant. zhòng 重 "rate as important"), and the word typically describes an attitude based on a critical judgment. See also UNIMPORTANT

            Word relations
          • Object: 死/DIE The dominant general word is sǐ 死 (ant. shēng 生"be alive"), and this can refer to the death of plants as well as animals or men.

            Syntactic words
          • vtoNpassivebe despised
          • vtoNputativemake light of; think little of; be not afraid of; to slight, hold in disrespect, to fail to show the proper respect for (the law etc)
          • vttoN1.+N2despise N1 for N2CH
          易  yì OC: leeɡs MC: jiɛ 13 AttributionsWD

          Yì 易 (ant. zhòng 重 "treat as important") focusses on the subjective failure to take someone or something seriously and does not necessarily involve a critical judgment.

            Word relations
          • Ant: 畏/RESPECT Wèi 畏 (ant. xiá 狎 "treat without the proper respect due to someone in high position, treat with improper familiarity") refers to awe-struck respect for a person in authority.
          • Ant: 貴/APPRECIATE Guì 貴 is the most general word for appreciating the importance of something which is comparative in nuance. [COMPARATIVE], [GENERAL], [UNEMOTIONAL]

            Syntactic words
          • vtoNattitudinalmake light of others, not take them seriously; underestimate; despise; make light of something, fail to take something seriously
          • vtoNpassivebe regarded as unimportant; be trifled with
          卑  bēi OC: pe MC: piɛ 11 AttributionsWD

          Bēi 卑 (ant. zūn 尊 "venerate as distinguished") refers to regarding a person as characterised by his or her low social standing.

            Word relations
          • Ant: 崇/RESPECT Chóng 崇 and zōng 宗 refers to distant and typically religious veneration of a spirit or person very highly regarded. SHI 靡神不宗"there are no spirits which we have not honoured"

            Syntactic words
          • nabactdisrespect, contempt
          • vtoNpassiveget despised; be held in low esteem
          • vtoNputativeregard as vulgar or base (See also HUMBLE); perhaps also: treat as base
          後  hòu OC: ɡooʔ MC: ɦu 10 AttributionsWD

          Hòu 後 (ant. xiān 先 "put first") is to fail to show proper respect for someone.

            Syntactic words
          • vtoNput last, give lowest priority to; deemphasise
          少  shǎo OC: hmljewʔ MC: ɕiɛu 9 AttributionsWD

            Word relations
          • Ant: 多/ADMIRE Duō 多 (ant. shǎo 少 "feel no respect for") refers to an objective assessment of something as worthy of admiration. [COVERT], [OBJECTIVE], [RATIONAL], [STATE]

            Syntactic words
          • vtoNpsychdespise (oneself)
          • vtoNputativederived think of as incompetent or ignorant, or in other ways insufficient; belittle
          瀆  dú OC: ɡ-looɡ MC: duk 9 AttributionsWD

          Dú 瀆 refers to a disrespectful attitude or disregard for someone or something.

            Syntactic words
          • vtoNattitudinaltreat without proper respect
          • vtoNpassivefail to be held in proper respect
          傲  ào OC: ŋoows MC: ŋɑu 4 AttributionsWD

          Ào 傲 adds the nuance of arrogance to the notion of contempt. See also ARROGANT.

            Syntactic words
          • vtoNproudly disregard SHANGJUNSHU 傲死 "proudly disregard".
          狎  xiá OC: ɡraab MC: ɦɣap 4 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNattitudinaltreat with contempt; treat without special respect
          蔑  miè OC: meed MC: met 4 AttributionsWD

          Miè 蔑 "to regard someone with no respect" describes a purely psychological attitude.

            Syntactic words
          • vt(oN.)-pbe full of contempt for NCH
          • vtoNshow no respect for the value or dignity of
          下  xià OC: ɢraas MC: ɦɣɛ 3 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNhave no respect for the value of
          • vtoNpassivebe held in low esteemCH
          孽  niè OC: ŋred MC: ŋiɛt 3 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • nabdisrespectCH
          • vtoNpsychtreat with disdain; treat as unworthy
          小  xiǎo OC: smewʔ MC: siɛu 2 AttributionsWD

          Xiǎo 小 and shǎo 少 (ant. duō 多"rate highly") expresses a negative judgment on the significance of a person or thing.

            Syntactic words
          • vtoNputativeexperience as small, find small; regard as small and insignificant; treat as inferior
          左  zuǒ OC: skaalʔ MC: tsɑ 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNdisapprove
          薄  báo OC: baaɡ MC: bɑk 2 AttributionsWD

            Word relations
          • Ant: 重/RESPECT
          • Contrast: 賤/DESPISE Jiàn 賤 (guì 貴 "hold in high esteem" and jìng 敬 "respect") are to regard someone as vulgar, and typically as of slight moral worth.

            Syntactic words
          • vtoNpassivebe treated with dishonourLZ
          • vtoNputativeregard as slight> despise
          貶  biǎn OC: promʔ MC: piɛm 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNpsychdespise; declare to be of low value
          輕忽  qīng hū OC: kheŋ hmɯɯd MC: khiɛŋ huot 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPtoNdespise, look down upon
          細  xì OC: snɯɯs MC: sei 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNputativeconsider to be trifling/of no importance> despise
          鄙  bǐ OC: prɯʔ MC: pi 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNputativeregard as unworthy of respect; regard as unworthy of one's attention;
          卑賤  bēi jiàn OC: pe dzens MC: piɛ dziɛn 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPabpassivebe despised and held in low esteem
          惡見  è jiàn OC: qaaɡ keens MC: ʔɑk ken 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPt(oN)regard as ugly, despise as ugly the contextually determiante object
          • VPtoNdespise as ugly; regard as ugly
          暴蔑  bào miè OC: boowɡs meed MC: bɑu met 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPtoNdespise violently, show reckless disrespect for
          婾  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNto despise; to slight
          慢  màn OC: mroons MC: mɣan 0 AttributionsWD

          Mà4n 慢 refers to a demonstrative failure to show proper respect for someone.

            Syntactic words
          • vtoNputativedepise; regard with contempt (ZUO)
          懱  miè OC: meed MC: met 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNdespise
          畫  huà OC: ɢʷreeɡs MC: ɦɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNtreat somebody without respect (?)
          陋  lòu OC: roos MC: lu 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNputativeregard as vulgar ??[CA]
          蔑侮  miè wǔ OC: meed moʔ MC: met mi̯o 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPtoNattitudinaltreat with disrespect and insult
          望  wàng OC: maŋs MC: mi̯ɐŋ
          望  (wáng) OC: maŋ MC: mi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNshow disdain for
          微  wēi OC: mɯl MC: mɨi 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNlook down upon as being of no significance whatsoever

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