ADMIRE 仰慕慕
APPRECIATE AND DELIGHT in what one BELIEVES is MORE GOOD IN-RELATION-TO either ONESELF OR IN-RELATION-TO what is COMMON.
Antonym
- DESPISEFEEL that a THING OR a HUMAN is UNIMPORTANT AND BAD AND DESERVES NO RESPECT
- ENVYSOCIAL EMOTION: HATE someone BECAUSE one LACKS something GOOD which that OTHER PERSON HAS.
- JEALOUSENVY ANOTHER PERSON for a RELATION of FRIENDSHIP OR LOVE IN-RELATION-TO an OTHER:third PERSON.
Hypernym
- APPRECIATEBELIEVE INTENSELY that something is EXCELLENT, GOOD AND IMPORTANT.
Hyponym
Old Chinese Criteria
[AESTHETIC/MORAL]
[ASCENDING/HORIZONTAL/DESCENDING]
[EMOTIONAL/RATIONAL]
[HIGH-DEGREE/LOW-DEGREE]
[MENTAL/OVERT]
[OBJ=HU/OBJ=NONHU]
[OBJECTIVE/SUBJECTIVE]
[OVERT/COVERT]
[PRIVATE/PUBLIC]
1. The standard general word for admiration is mù 慕 (ant. bǐ 鄙 "hold in low esteem"), and this word often connotes emulation.
[ASCENDING], [EMOTIONAL], [OBJ=HU], [STATE], [SUBJECTIVE]
2. Wàng 望 refers to an intense distant admiration of some heroic or in any way especially elevated figure.
[ACTIVITY], [ASCENDING], [HIGH-DEGREE], [OBJ=HU], [RATIONAL], [SUBJECTIVE]
3. Yǎng 仰 (ant.* yì 易 "have no special respect for") refers to a distant veneration of some heroic or in any way especially elevated figure.
[ACTIVITY], [ASCENDING], [HIGH-DEGREE], [OBJ=HU], [RATIONAL], [SUBJECTIVE]
4. Shàng 尚 (ant. qīng 輕 "have no special respect for") refers to giving high practical priority to something or someone out of a sense of admiration or appreciation.
[ACTIVITY], [ASCENDING], [OBJ=HU], [OVERT] [PUBLIC]
5. Shàng 上 (ant. xià 下 "despise, have no special respect for") refer to giving high practical priority to something out of a sense of admiration or appreciation.
[ASCENDING], [OBJ=NON-HU], [OBJECTIVE], [OVERT], [PUBLIC]
6. Yòu 右 (ant. qīng 輕 "have no special respect for") refer to giving high practical priority to something or someone out of a sense of admiration or appreciation.
[ACTIVITY], [ASCENDING], [OVERT], [PUBLIC]
7. Měi 美 (ant. è 惡 "find despicable an dislikable") refers to an intense expressly subjective aesthetic or moral appreciation for something as admirable.
[COVERT], [STATE], [SUBJECTIVE]
8. Duō 多 (ant. shǎo 少 "feel no respect for") refers to an objective assessment of something as worthy of admiration.
[COVERT], [OBJECTIVE], [RATIONAL], [STATE]
9. Xiàn 羨 refers to rather personal and private admiration for something, and this admiration is sometimes mixed with envy.
[COVERT], [EMOTIONAL], [STATE], [SUBJECTIVE]
Modern Chinese Criteria
向慕 refers to loving devoted admiration.
敬佩
欽佩
贊佩
佩
嘆服
推服
傾
傾倒
心折
心醉 refers to enchanted admiration.
肅然起敬
心悅誠服
五體投地
敬仰
欽仰
景仰
宗仰
仰慕
企慕
敬慕
景慕
慕名
仰
心儀
想望
向往
first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH/
Old Chinese Contrasts
2. Some verbs designate distant admiration (gāo 高, shàng 尚, wàng 望 ), others include the aspiration to equal the object admired (mù 慕 ).
3. Some verbs designate an admiration for something that need not be distant (měi 美 ), others empasise the distance between admirer and the admired (yǎng 仰, zhān 瞻 ).
<div>4. Some verbs tend to designate a permanent or lasting admiration (mù 慕, yǎng 仰, wàng 望 ), others typically express a temporary reaction (měi 美 ).</div><div><br></div><div>GREEK KEYWORDS</div><div>άγαμαι mid.vb. [reltd. μέγας] | 2pl. άγασθε, ep. άγάασθε<br>| ep.inf. άγάασθαι | impf. ήγάμην, ep.2pl. ήγαασθε | ep.fut.<br>άγάσσομαι | aor. ήγασάμην, ep.3sg. ήγάσσατο, also<br>άγάσσατο, ep.3pl. άγάσαντο || aor.pass. (w.mid.sens.)<br>ήγάσθην|<br>1 admire, respect —persons, their speech, actions, or sim.<br>Hom. +<br>2 be full of admiration Hom. Pl. —W.GEN./or persons, their<br>wisdom, courage, words, or sim. Pi.fr. Hdt. E. Ar. Pl. +<br>3 be amazed or puzzled Od. PL; app. be baffled or stunned<br>Sol.(dub.)<br>4 admire with gratitude —a person’s goodwill and<br>forethought Hdt.<br>5 admire with approval —a person, a horse, philosophy,<br>rhetoric PL X. Call.<br>6 be delighted —w.dat. w. someone or sthg. Hdt. PL X.<br>Ί be satisfied or content —w.acc. w. oneself X.<br>8 bear a grudge (usu. W.DAT. against someone) Hom.;<br>resent —w.dat. + inf. someone doing sthg. Od.; begrudge<br>—w.dat. someone (w.gen. his fame) AR.<br>9 feel an emotion strongly; be passionate —w. περί + GEN.<br>for victory IL; (of a person, his spirit) be very angry or<br>indignant Hom. —w.dat. w. someone Od. Hes./r. —W.ACC. at<br>someone’s behaviour Od.<br>—άγαμένως mid.ptcpl.adv. with admiration or respect PL<br>Arist.<br></div><br>
- Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka
(
APRESJAN 2004)
p.
145 - Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien
(
DOEDERLEIN 1840)
p.
ADMIRE
vereri refers to respect bordering on fear and bashfulness.
revereri refers to fear and bashfulness as arising from respoect.
venerari refers to demonstrative reverence whown towards gods and sacred things, mostly or typically in gestures.
observare refers to demonstrative reverence towards men.
colere refers to demonstrative reverence towards gods or men as manifested in action.
adorare is the most general expression for any sort of worship.
LW
intueor, intueri, intuitus sum V 2 1 DEP [XXXAX]
look at; consider, regard; admire; stare;
ammiror, ammirari, ammiratus sum V 1 1 DEP [XXXBO]
admire, respect; regard with wonder, wonder at; be surprised at, be astonished;
admiror, admirari, admiratus sum V 1 1 DEP [XXXBO]
admire, respect; regard with wonder, wonder at; be surprised at, be astonished;
suspicio, suspicere, suspexi, suspectus V 3 1 [XXXBX]
look up to; admire;
miror, mirari, miratus sum V 1 1 DEP [XXXCX]
be amazed at; admire; wonder; marvel at; look on with admiration;
adamo, adamare, adamavi, adamatus V 1 1 TRANS [XXXBO]
fall in love/lust with; love passionately/adulterously; admire greatly; covet;
*
- Tolkovo-kombinatornyj slovar' sovremmenogo russkogo jazyka. Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian
(
Mel'cuk 1984)
p.
214ff voschishchat'
voskhishtshenie
- Dictionnaire explicatif et combinatoire du francais contemporain, vol. I
(
Mel'cuk I)
p.
54 ADMIRATION
Admiration by the admirer X of the admired person Y for an admired characteristic Z
Emotional attitude of X, which is favourable to Y, this attitude being caused by the following fact: X believes that the actions, the state, or the characteristics of Z of Y are absolutely extraordinary; this atitude being one that one would normally have under such circumstances.
- Lateinische Synonymik
(
MENGE)
p.
22 - Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise
(
REY 2005)
p.
4.221 - Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie
(
RITTER 1971-2007)
p.
10.116 STAUNEN; BEWUNDERUNG; VERWUNDERUNG
- 王力古漢語字典
(
WANG LI 2000)
p.
233 尚，上
1. The explanation in WL that 尚 is mostly abstract while 上 tends to be concrete and spatial is misleading as it stands. Sha4ng 上 is very often used in transferred abstract senses. The point is that sha4ng 尚 tends to be verbal and never has a purely spatial meaning at all.
- Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary
(
TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996)
p.
337 - Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung
(
FRANKE 1989)
p.
50A
Attributions by syntactic funtion
Attributions by text
- 韓非子 : 31
- 春秋左傳 : 8
- 法言 : 7
- 荀子 : 6
- 淮南子 : 5
- 阮籍集四卷 : 5
- 說苑 : 4
- 陸機集十一卷 : 4
- 楚辭 : 4
- 毛詩 : 3
- 莊子 : 3
- 論語 : 3
- 呂氏春秋 : 3
- 管子 : 3
- 孟子 : 3
- 史記 : 3
- 晏子春秋 : 2
- 孝經 : 2
- 韓詩外傳 : 2
- 祖堂集 : 2
- 人物志三卷 : 2
- 劉義慶世說新語 : 1
- 孫子 : 1
- 禮記 : 1
- 論衡 : 1
- 吳越春秋 : 1
Words
慕 mù OC: maaɡs MC: muo̝ 20 AttributionsWD
The standard general word for admiration is mù 慕 (ant. bǐ 鄙 "hold in low esteem"), and this word often connotes emulation. [ASCENDING], [EMOTIONAL], [OBJ=HU], [STATE], [SUBJECTIVE]
- Syntactic words
- vtoNbe full of admiration for (an ideal, a value, a thing); sometimes also: strive towards as one's main ambition; yearn for
美 měi OC: mriʔ MC: mi 20 AttributionsWD
Měi 美 (ant. è 惡 "find despicable an dislikable") refers to an intense expressly subjective aesthetic or moral appreciation for something as admirable. [COVERT], [STATE], [SUBJECTIVE]
- Word relations
- Synon: 愛/LOVE
The clearly dominant word referring to love is ài 愛 (ant. hèn 恨 "dislike"; rarely zēng 憎 "dislike"; and wù 惡 "hate"), and this word refers both to the feelings of love and to the expression of love in loving care for another person as well as in sexual relations. (Occasionally, the word may refer to the emotional preference that a small child feels for its parents. For this meaning see PREFER.) - Synon: 歡 / 歡 / 驩/HAPPY
Huān 歡 (ant. bēi 悲 "sadness" and chóu 愁 "worried sadness") refers to sociable temporary high spirits and happiness, not only visible to many but normally shared by a group.
- Syntactic words
- vadNadmirableCH
- vt+prep+Nadmire more than NCH
- vtoNpassivebe admired as beautiful
- vtoNputativeadmire the beauty of; admire the moral qualities of; regard as beautiful, regard as wonderful
- vtoNputative.reflex.自admire (oneself) as beautiful
尚 shàng OC: djaŋs MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ 14 AttributionsWD
Shàng 尚(ant. qīng 輕 "have no special respect for") refers to giving high practical priority to something or someone out of a sense of admiration or appreciation.
- Syntactic words
- vt(oN)admire the contextually determinate N
- vtoNgive high priority to; prize highly; give highest priority to; admire more than other things; show admiration for
- vtoNmiddle voicebe esteemed; enjoy high status
高 gāo OC: koow MC: kɑu 11 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNputativeregard highly; give high priority to; esteem;
多 duō OC: k-laal MC: tɑ 10 AttributionsWD
Duō 多 (ant. shǎo 少 "feel no respect for") refers to an objective assessment of something as worthy of admiration. [COVERT], [OBJECTIVE], [RATIONAL], [STATE]
- Word relations
- Ant: 少/DESPISE
- Ant: 非/CRITICISE
The current general term for criticism is fēi 非 (ant. shì 是 "approve of").
- Syntactic words
- vtoNpassivebe regarded as important; be thought highly of
- vtoNpsychhave high (self-)esteem; be too full of oneself
- vtoNputativethink highly of, regard as important, have an inflated opinion of
- vtoSappreciate that S
望 wàng OC: maŋs MC: mi̯ɐŋ
望 (wáng) OC: maŋ MC: mi̯ɐŋ 9 AttributionsWD
Wàng 望 refers to an intense distant admiration of some heroic or in any way especially elevated figure. [ACTIVITY], [ASCENDING], [HIGH-DEGREE], [OBJ=HU], [RATIONAL], [SUBJECTIVE]
- Syntactic words
- nobjectobject of admiration 民之望也 "the object of the people's admiration" ZUO
- vt+prep+Nbe full of admiration for N
- vtoNadmire from a distance; look up to admiringly from a distance; look up to and place one's hopes in
上 shàng OC: ɡljaŋʔ MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ 5 AttributionsWD
Shàng 上 (ant. xià 下 "despise, have no special respect for") refer to giving high practical priority to something out of a sense of admiration or appreciation. [ASCENDING], [OBJ=NON-HU], [OBJECTIVE], [OVERT], [PUBLIC]
- Syntactic words
- vtoNputativeREGARD AS ELEVATED loan for shàng 尚> put high or highest in one's intellectual hierarchy, exalt, value highly
睎 xī OC: qhlɯl MC: hɨi 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNadmire and emulate
仰 yǎng OC: ŋaŋʔ MC: ŋi̯ɐŋ 2 AttributionsWD
Yǎng 仰 (ant.* yì 易 "have no special respect for") refers to a distant veneration of some heroic or in any way especially elevated figure. [ACTIVITY], [ASCENDING], [HIGH-DEGREE], [OBJ=HU], [RATIONAL], [SUBJECTIVE]
- Syntactic words
- vtoNlook up towards and admire
右 yòu OC: ɢʷɯʔ MC: ɦɨu 2 AttributionsWD
Yòu 右 (ant. qīng 輕 "have no special respect for") refer to giving high practical priority to something or someone out of a sense of admiration or appreciation. [ACTIVITY], [ASCENDING], [OVERT], [PUBLIC]
- Syntactic words
- vtoNputativeconsider as superior; esteem and appreciate
瞻 zhān OC: kljam MC: tɕiɛm 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNfigurativelook upwards towards in admiration
觀 guān OC: koon MC: kʷɑn 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNbehold, regard with respect
- vtoNpassivebe observed with respect, be admiredLZ
偉 wěi OC: ɢulʔ MC: ɦɨi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNputativeHANSHU, Dongfang Shuo zhuan: admire as outstanding
欽 qīn OC: khrɯm MC: khim 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNSHU: be full of admiration for, be devoted to
以為 yǐ wéi OC: k-lɯʔ ɢʷal MC: jɨ ɦiɛ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNesteem highly????
服媚 fú mèi OC: bɯɡ mrils MC: buk mi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNbe full of admiration
服 fú MC: bjuwk OC: bɯɡCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNadmireCH
駭服 hài fú MC: heajX bjuwk OC: ɡrɯɯʔ bɯɡDS 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPibe overwhelmed by admiration and respectDS
好 hào MC: xawH OC: qhuusCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNbe full of admiration forCH
仰止 yǎng zhǐ MC: ngjangX tsyiX OC: ŋaŋʔ kljɯʔCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNpreposed objectbe full of admiring interest forCH
佩 pèi OC: bɯɯs MC: buo̝i 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNSUWEN 9: admire, be full of admiration for
視 shì OC: ɡljils MC: dʑi 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNadmire
許 xǔ OC: hŋaʔ MC: hi̯ɤ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoN(of superiors, vis-a-vis inferiors) be full of admiration for
可憐 kě lián OC: khlaalʔ riin MC: khɑ len 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadNlovely, admirable, likeable
- VPican be sympathized with > be lovely, admirable, likeable
器重 qì zhòng OC: khrɯds doŋʔ MC: khi ɖi̯oŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNadmire; value highly; regard as important
歎賞 tàn shǎng OC: mqhlaans lʰaŋʔ MC: thɑn ɕi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt(oN)admire a contextually determinate person
重望 zhòng wàng OC: doŋʔ maŋs MC: ɖi̯oŋ mi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNpassivebe admired; enjoy a high reputation
可憐許 kě lián xǔ OC: khlaalʔ riin hŋaʔ MC: khɑ len hi̯ɤ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiadmirable, lovely
Click here to add pinyin MC: OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNadmireCH
Existing SW for
Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database:
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