ASPIRATION    志向志於

MAIN EFFORT AND AIM in one's LIFE. 
AMBITIONAMBITIOUSHOPE FORDREAM OFLONG FORYEARN FORSET ONE'S HEART ONWISH FORWANTBE DESIROUS OFAIM FORSEEKPURSUESET ONE'S SIGHTS ON
Old Chinese Criteria
[[COMMON/RARE]] [GENERAL/SPECIFIC] [LASTING/TEMPORARY] 1. The general term for an aspiration is zhì 志 and verbally zhì yú 志於 "aspire to", and this term always refers to life-long highest aim. [GENERAL]; [[COMMON]] 2. Xiàng 向 may occasionally refer to any kind of ambition or aspiration. [GENERAL]; [[RARE]] 3. Wàng 望 may refer to a temporary aspiration to be like someone else which is, however, perhaps somewhat stronger than a mere hope of being like that person. See also HOPE. [TEMPROARY]
Modern Chinese Criteria
理想 志向 志 抱負 心胸 胸襟 雄心 壯志 雄心壯志 豪情壯志 遠志 篤志 壯心 夢想 幻想 妄想 空想 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • ENTHUSIASM　ASPIRATION WITH DELIGHT (anc: 15/0, child: 1)
Antonym
  • AVOIDACT so as to CAUSE ONESELF NOT to ENCOUNTER OR SUFFER something.
Hypernym
  • EFFORT　DELIBERATE DILIGENT TRY:attempt to SUCCEED in an ACTION. (anc: 13/0, child: 2)
  • TRY　ACT, BUT DOUBT WHETHER one WILL be SUCCESSFUL ACTING. (anc: 12/0, child: 9)
  • ACT　MOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision. (anc: 11/0, child: 24)
  • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 464

    APPETERE rem concupitam petere. Infert ergo 1. bonum aliqvod. 2. ejus desiderium. 3. pro illo adipiscendo studium.

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p. 37

    AMBITIO

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 1.255

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 10.269

    STREBEN

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 266

  • Democritus Ridens ( WEBER 1857) p. 4.283

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p.

    • Words (22 items)

    志  zhì OC: kljɯs MC: tɕɨ 67 Attributions

    The general term for an aspiration is zhì 志 and verbally zhì yú 志於 "aspire to", and this term always refers to life-long highest aim. [GENERAL]; [[COMMON]]

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 據/RELY ON
    • Contrast: 身/PERSON Shēn 身 regularly refers to the embodied person, as something to be cultivated, and as something to be morally careful about, but the word is originally widely used to refer to the physical body as such being at times hard to distinguish from the figurative use discussed in this group. The word is very often reflexive.
    • Oppos: 行/ACT The current general word for any deliberate action one may be held morally and/or administratively responsible for is xíng 行 (ant. zhǐ 止 "decide not to take action"). The nominal entries have the old reading xìng. [COMMENDATORY!], [GENERAL], [HABITUAL], [RESPONSIBLE]
    • Oppos: 骨/BONE By far the most general and current word for all kinds of bones is gǔ 骨. [GENERAL]; [[CURRENT+]]
    • Oppos: 性/BASIC NATURE The current and quite dominant word for the stable inherent and prototypically innate features of something is xìng 性 (ant. wéi 為 "what belongs to human action", and wěi 偽"artificial").

      Syntactic words
    • nab.+prep+Naspiration for N; initiative for; concern for
    • nab.post-Nthe real point of NCH
    • nab[.post-N]my high resolve; my aspirations; one's aspirationsCH
    • nabderogatoryambitionCH
    • nabpsychone's high resolve; one's aspirations; one's moral aspiration, one's highest ambition; one's main tendencyBUDDH: religious aspirations
    • vadNtruly aspiring, determined
    • vt+prep+Naspire to, have one's mind set on 志於
    • vt+V[0]aspire to V
    • vtoNaspire towards
    氣志  qì zhì OC: khɯds kljɯs MC: khɨi tɕɨ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychenergetic aspirations
    求願  qiú yuàn OC: ɡu ŋɡons MC: gɨu ŋi̯ɐn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNaspire to
    向  xiàng OC: qhaŋs MC: hi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions

    Xiàng 向 may occasionally refer to any kind of ambition or aspiration. [GENERAL]; [[RARE]]

      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]be determined to VDS
    • vtoNhave as one's (primary or main) aim.
    志  zhì MC: tsyiH OC: kljɯs 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabderogatorypsychological: (vulgar worldly) ambitionsCH
    望  wàng OC: maŋs MC: mi̯ɐŋ
    望  (wáng) OC: maŋ MC: mi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions

    Wàng 望 may refer to a temporary aspiration to be like someone else which is, however, perhaps somewhat stronger than a mere hope of being like that person. See also HOPE. [TEMPROARY]

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNaspire to be like; emulate
    業  yè MC: ngjaep OC: ŋab 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nab.post-Nmission, traditional taskCH
    止  zhǐ OC: kljɯʔ MC: tɕɨ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychtarget; aim
    忼慨  hāng kǎi MC: xang khojH OC: qhaaŋ -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychhigh aspirationsCH
    志願  zhì yuàn OC: kljɯs ŋɡons MC: tɕɨ ŋi̯ɐn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychdetermination
    發意  fā yì OC: pod qɯɡs MC: pi̯ɐt ʔɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+V[0]develop an aspiration to
    • VPt[oN]aspire to the Buddhist dharma
    志  zhì 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabderivedmoral convictionsCH
    情  qíng OC: dzeŋ MC: dziɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychologicalaspiration 不移情 "refuse to change one's aspirations"
    加志  jiā zhì MC: kae tsyiH OC: kraal kljɯs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt prep Ndirect one's aspirations towardsCH
    志信  zhì xìn OC: kljɯs sins MC: tɕɨ sin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychspiritual determination; courage of one's own convictions
    氣  qì OC: khɯds MC: khɨi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychwild ambition; dynamic commitment
    志士  zhì shì MC: tsyiH dzriX OC: kljɯs dzrɯʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPperson of high ideals; person of high aspiration; person of high ambitionCH
    仰求  yǎng qiú OC: ŋaŋʔ ɡu MC: ŋi̯ɐŋ gɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNaspire to, seek with devotion
    所願  suǒ yuàn OC: sqraʔ ŋɡons MC: ʂi̯ɤ ŋi̯ɐn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychaspirations
    寸心  cùn xīn OC: tshuuns slɯm MC: tshuo̝n sim 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychaspiration
    命  mìng OC: mɢreŋs MC: mɣaŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychmission in life; main purpose in life; vocation
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabderogatorypsychological: (vulgar worldly) ambitionsCH