BASIC NATURE  性質性／情

BASIC FEATURE, OR FEATURE EXISTING IN something FROM BIRTH.
ESSENCEINHERENT/BASIC/ESSENTIAL QUALITIESINHERENT/BASIC/ESSENTIAL FEATURESCHARACTERCOMPLEXION
Hypernym
  • FEATUREABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE.
See also
  • MOODGENERAL FEELINGS NOT ABOUT a CERTAIN THING, which OFTEN CHANGE.
    • LANDSCAPEFEATURES of TERRITORY.
      Hyponym
      • TALKATIVE　BASIC NATURE so as to TEND to SPEAK EXCESSIVELY OFTEN AND for an EXCESSIVELY LONG TIME.
        • IDENTITY　BASIC NATURE which CAUSES one to BE AND to FEEL IMPORTANTLY DIFFFERENT from OTHERS AND CULTURALLY the SAME as those of one's SELF:own GROUP.
          • AN SICH　BASIC NATURE which does NOT DEPEND ON PERCEPTION OR AWARENESS OF IT.
            • INSTINCT　BASIC NATURE CAUSING LIVING ANIMALS to ENDURINGLY ACT CONFORMING TO CERTAIN METHODS.
              • PERSONAL IDENTITY　IMPORTANT BASIC-NATURE DEFINING THE CATEOGORY OF A PERSON.
                Old Chinese Criteria
                1. The current and quite dominant word for the stable inherent and prototypically innate features of something is xìng 性 (ant. wéi 為 "what belongs to human action", and wěi 偽 "artificial").

                2. Qíng 情 (ant. wěi 偽 "artificical acquired character") refers to the basic nature of a thing as forming a pattern of reaction to other things.

                3. Xīn 心 refers specifically to psychological aspects of animate nature.

                4. Tiān 天 refers specifically to the non-man-made aspect of the nature of things.

                5. Zī 資 refers to human nature as an endowment and an asset given to man by nature.

                6. Wéi rén 為人 and wéi wù 為物 the possibly conditioned and hardly alterable basic constitutive nature of thing.

                7. Rén qíng 人情 refers to the natural sensibilities of humans.

                Modern Chinese Criteria
                性質

                習性

                生性

                特性

                屬性

                性能

                性

                rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

                • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

                  NATURE

                  natura refers to a disposition insofar as this constitutes the immovable ground of human individuality, and is not susceptible to change, and the special reference tends to be to the sensibilities of the heart.

                  ingenium focusses that part of natura which concerns particularly the faculties of the mind.

                  indoles refers to human disposition in so far as it constitutes only the beginning of an individuality which can devekop from it, and is susceptible to improvement.

                • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 22

                • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 42

                • Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache ( MAUTHNER WP 1924) p. I.48

                  ANGEBOREN

                • Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache ( MAUTHNER WP 1924) p. I.53

                • “孟子”同義詞研究 ( MENGZI TONGYI 2002) p. 271

                • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 3.899

                • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 2.753

                • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 6.421

                • Key Concepts in Chinese Philosophy ( ZHANG DAINIAN 2002) p. 367

                • The Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( BORCHERT 2005) p.

                  HUMAN NATURE

                • 跟我學同義詞 ( CAI SHAOWEI 2010) p. 63

                Words

                性  xìng OC: seŋs MC: siɛŋ 89 AttributionsWD

                The current and quite dominant word for the stable inherent and prototypically innate features of something is xìng 性 (ant. wéi 為 "what belongs to human action", and wěi 偽"artificial").

                  Word relations
                • Ant: 偽/ARTEFACT The philosophically important general term for something man-made and in this sense artificial is wěi 偽.
                • Object: 循/CONFORM
                • Epithet: 真/GENUINE The general dominant word for something being not artificial or fake is zhēn 真(ant. wěi 偽 "fake"), but I find is important that the word never seems to apply to negative concepts as in English "genuine hatred".
                • Contrast: 命/FATE The current word referring to what is fated, determined or decreed by Heaven, and thus invested with unquestionable moral or metaphysical authority is mìng 命, sometimes expanded to tiān mìng 天命.
                • Assoc: 情/REALITY Qíng 情 (ant. wěi 偽 "fake") and chéng 誠 (ant. zhà 詐 "fraudulent") are often used interchangeably to refer to the real facts versus what is pretended or what is merely superficial.
                • Synon: 真/GENUINE The general dominant word for something being not artificial or fake is zhēn 真(ant. wěi 偽 "fake"), but I find is important that the word never seems to apply to negative concepts as in English "genuine hatred".
                • Oppos: 操/ACT
                • Oppos: 相/APPEARANCE Xiàng 相 refers to the outward appearance of something as profoundly indicative of inward qualities (as in physiognomy). [INVOLUNTARY], [SIGNIFICANT], [STATIC]
                • Oppos: 志/ASPIRATION The general term for an aspiration is zhì 志 and verbally zhì yú 志於 "aspire to", and this term always refers to life-long highest aim. [GENERAL]; [[COMMON]]

                  Syntactic words
                • nab.adVcongenitally; by inborn nature; by basic nature
                • nab.post-NN=humannatural inborn endowment, inborn nature, basic nature; natural condition
                • nab.post-NN=nonhumanthe basic congenital nature (of creature N) (many of the examples in nab - meta need to be moved here)
                • nab.post-V{NUM}natures
                • nab[.post-N]N=humanthe nature of humans
                • nab[.post-N]N=nonhumanthe basic nature of a thingCH
                • nab[.post-N]reflexiveone's (own) primordial nature; one's inborn features
                • nab[post-N]{PRED}be part of, N=humanbe part of human natureCH
                情  qíng OC: dzeŋ MC: dziɛŋ 33 AttributionsWD

                Qíng 情 (ant. wěi 偽 "artificical acquired character") refers to the basic nature of a thing as forming a pattern of reaction to other things.

                  Word relations
                • Inconsist: 欲/PASSION
                • Assoc: 真/GENUINE The general dominant word for something being not artificial or fake is zhēn 真(ant. wěi 偽 "fake"), but I find is important that the word never seems to apply to negative concepts as in English "genuine hatred".

                  Syntactic words
                • nab.post-V{NUM}metaphysicalessential tendency, natural basic inclination 人有六情
                • nabmetaphysicaldynamic essence, essential nature; basic instincts; essential propensities
                • nadNessentialCH
                心  xīn OC: slɯm MC: sim 23 AttributionsWD

                Xīn 心 refers specifically to psychological aspects of animate nature.

                  Syntactic words
                • nab.post-Nbasic potential for; congenital inclination towards; basic mental capacity for, mental or intellectual basic potential forCH
                • nab[post-N]psychessentially human sensibilities; human mental make-up; natural way of thinking (note peronification in 天人之心)
                自性  zì xìng OC: sblids seŋs MC: dzi siɛŋ 20 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPab.adNcharacterised by self-nature
                • NPab[.post-N]one's own basic self-nature
                • NPab[post-N].adVin your own nature
                • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: self-nature; intrinsic nature; essential nature (i.e. something which exits independently from other constituents of existense, therefore "self-nature" is denied in Buddhist philosophy) SANSKRIT: tathatā; dharmatā; svabhāva; prakṛti See DDB: http://www.buddhism-dict.net/cgi-bin/xpr-ddb.pl?81.xml+id('b81ea-6027')
                • NPadVby virtue of basic nature
                本性  běn xìng OC: pɯɯnʔ seŋs MC: puo̝n siɛŋ 14 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPaboriginal nature, basic nature BUDDH: in the Buddhist context often used syn. to 佛性 Buddha-nature, 真心 True Mind, etc.
                • NPab[.post-N]metaphysicalone's basic original nature; their own basic nature5
                • NPadNof the original nature
                佛性  fó xìng OC: bɯd seŋs MC: bi̯ut siɛŋ 13 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPab[.post-N]BUDDH: one's Buddha-nature (the seeds of Buddhahood every sentient being is endowed with); one of the most important terms in East Asian Buddhism
                情性  qíng xìng OC: dzeŋ seŋs MC: dziɛŋ siɛŋ 10 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabmetaphysicalreal nature, basic nature
                人情  rén qíng OC: njin dzeŋ MC: ȵin dziɛŋ 5 AttributionsWD

                Rén qíng 人情 refers to the natural sensibilities of humans.

                  Syntactic words
                • NPabpsychologicalhuman nature; human affective proclivities; human sensibilities
                人理  rén lǐ MC: nyin liX OC: njin ɡ-rɯʔ 5 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabprinciples governing humans, principles of human behaviourCH
                法性  fǎ xìng OC: pab seŋs MC: pi̯ɐp siɛŋ 4 AttributionsWD
                • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 3358-c

                  Syntactic words
                • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: Dharma-nature (the true nature of all dharmas; syn. to zhēnxìng 真性 True Nature and zhēn fǎxìng 真法性 True Dharma-nature; often also used syn. to zhēnrú 真如 'Thusness' and zhēnlì 真理 'True Prinicple'; the common basic feature (相) of all dharmas; also indentified with Emptiness (空) which is the common feature of the dharmas (DAZHIDULUN 大智度論 32) SANSKRIT dharmatā; PALI dhammatā
                為物  wéi wù OC: ɢʷal mɯd MC: ɦiɛ mi̯ut 4 AttributionsWD

                Wéi rén 為人 and wéi wù 為物 the possibly conditioned and hardly alterable basic constitutive nature of thing.

                  Syntactic words
                • NPab{vt+N}metaphysicalintrinsic essential nature
                為道  wéi dào OC: ɢʷal ɡ-luuʔ MC: ɦiɛ dɑu 4 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPab{vt+N}metaphysicalessential dynamic nature (of a thing), natural tendency
                性命之情  xìng mìng zhī qíng OC: seŋs mɢreŋs kljɯ dzeŋ MC: siɛŋ mɣaŋ tɕɨ dziɛŋ 4 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabmetaphysicalnaturally predestined instincts; the essentials of our nature and destiny
                覺性  jué xìng OC: kruuɡ seŋs MC: kɣɔk siɛŋ 3 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: awakened nature > this is a rare syn. for fóxìng 佛性 Buddha-nature capacity for enlightenment
                材性  cái xìng MC: dzoj sjengH OC: sɡɯɯ seŋsLZ 3 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • nab[.post-N]one's basic natureLZ
                生  xìng MC: -- OC: --LZ 3 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • nab= xing4 性: inborn natureLZ
                • nadV= xing4 性: by inborn natureLZ
                才  cái 2 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • nabbasic constituents of the universe (as in 三才 "Heaven, Earth and Man)CH
                • nab.post-Ninnate potentialCH
                藏  cáng OC: sɡaaŋ MC: dzɑŋ 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • nabpsychtemperament, real inclinations???
                資  zī OC: sti MC: tsi 1 AttributionWD

                Zī 資 refers to human nature as an endowment and an asset given to man by nature.

                  Syntactic words
                • nabfeaturegiven nature, given endowment; given disposition, given character
                心性  xīn xìng OC: slɯm seŋs MC: sim siɛŋ 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabdispositionpsychological disposition
                業性  yè xìng OC: ŋab seŋs MC: ŋi̯ɐp siɛŋ 1 AttributionWD
                • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 5504a

                  Syntactic words
                • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: self-nature of deeds/karma (i.e. sentient beings engage in activities of the body, speech, and the mind, creating karma through a chain of cause and effect, which ulitmately binds them to the cycle of life and death)
                真性  zhēn xìng OC: tjin seŋs MC: tɕin siɛŋ 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabpsychtrue nature BUDDH: in the Buddhist context usually identical with the Buddha-nature
                才性  cái xìng MC: dzoj sjengH OC: sɡɯɯ seŋsLZ 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPnatural abilitiesLZ
                為  wéi OC: ɢʷal MC: ɦiɛ 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vt+N1.post-N2之繩之為度"the basic nature of the ink line as a measure" the nature as an N1 of N2CH
                靜躁  jìng zào MC: dzjengX -- OC: dzeŋʔ tsaawsDS 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPab[post-N]one's temperamentDS
                命  mìng OC: mɢreŋs MC: mɣaŋ 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • nabfeaturecharacter assigned by fate 天命
                稟性  bǐng xìng OC: prɯmʔ seŋs MC: pim siɛŋ 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabfeaturethe nature one has received naturally
                稟氣  bǐng qì OC: prɯmʔ khɯds MC: pim khɨi 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabmetaphysicalreceived vital energies defining one's personality
                如來藏  rú lái zàng OC: nja m-rɯɯ sɡaaŋs MC: ȵi̯ɤ ləi dzɑŋ 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabmetaphysicalBUDDH: storehouse/embryo/matrix of the Tathāgata; SANSKRIT tathāgatagarbha (tathāgatagarhba theories are of paramount importance for the development of East Asian Buddhism; in the context of Chinese Buddhism the term often refers to the existence of an 'embryonic Buddha' in each sentient being which anticipates its enlightenment, the term is closeley related to the concepts of 'pure nature' and 'Buddha-nature' (佛性)

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