DISCARD  扔掉

DISPLACE something so as to VOLUNTARILY CAUSE ONESELF to LACK it.
DISPOSE OFTHROW AWAY/OUTGET RID OFTOSS OUTJETTISONSCRAPDISPENSE WITHCAST ASIDE/OFFTHROW ON THE SCRAP HEAPREJECTREPUDIATEABANDONDROPHAVE DONE WITHSHEDINFORMAL CHUCKDUMPDITCHJUNKTRASHDEEP-SIX
Antonym
  • CHOOSETAKE OR USE THING WHILE BELIEVING that one is ABLE to TAKE OTHER THINGS.
    • SAFEGUARDHAVE AND CAUSE NOT TO BECOME DAMAGED.
      • HOLDCONTROL by KEEPING IN one's HANDS.
        • LIKEDESIRE INTENSELY so as to TEND to CHOOSE.
          Hypernym
          • DISPLACECAUSE to MOVE.
            • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION.
              • CHANGEEVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2.
                • EVENTREALITY that ARISES in TIME....
          See also
          • REFUSEDECIDE NOT TO ACT:do as one has been REQUESTED to ACT OR IS EXPECTED TO ACT.
            Hyponym
            • DISREGARD　DECIDE to DISCARD from one's THOUGHT.
              • NEGLECT　DISREGARD what one SHOULD NOT DISREGARD....
              • EXCEPT　DISREGARDING NOW.
            • DROP　DISCARD AND CAUSE TO FALL.
              • ETC　DISCARDING:omitting the REST BECAUSE it is KNOWN to the AUDIENCE.
                • ABANDON　DISCARD SOMEONE WHOM ONE SHOULD CARE FOR.
                  Old Chinese Criteria
                  1. The standard general words for discarding something is qì 棄 (ant. qǔ 取 "choose to retain") and the somewhat rarer juān 捐.

                  2. Qù 去 refers to the distancing oneself from something by rejecting it.

                  3. Fèi 廢 and the rarer tì 替 (all ant. zhì 置 "establish"!!!! See also no. 4 below.) refer to discarding something one has made use of or has been involved with for some time.

                  4. Shì 釋 (ant. liú 留 "keep in employment") and the rarer jiě 解 refer to rejecting the continued use of something.

                  5. Wěi 委 and zhì 置 (ant.* zhí 執 "hold onto" or chí 持 "hold onto") refer to putting things aside. See DISREGARD

                  6. Shě 捨 / 舍 (ant. qǔ 取 "pick out and choose") refers to letting go of or rejecting something that one might have chosen to retain or use.

                  7. Què 卻 (ant. shòu 受 "accept for employment") typically refers to a rejection or discarding of something as useless.

                  Modern Chinese Criteria
                  拋棄

                  擯棄

                  捐棄

                  委棄

                  丟棄

                  廢棄

                  撇棄

                  屏棄

                  毀棄

                  遺棄

                  廢除

                  丟掉

                  撇開

                  拋撇

                  棄絕

                  排擯

                  扔

                  拋

                  撇

                  廢

                  棄

                  委

                  丟

                  始亂終棄

                  棄之如敝屣

                  捨棄

                  放棄

                  割捨

                  割愛

                  舍

                  揚棄

                  rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

                  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 261

                  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.382.336

                    ABANDONNER.DELAISSER

                  Words

                  棄  qì OC: khils MC: khi 84 AttributionsWD

                  The standard general words for discarding something is qì 棄 (ant. qǔ 取 "choose to retain") and the somewhat rarer juān 捐.

                    Word relations
                  • Ant: 存/SAFEGUARD
                  • Ant: 寘/PUT Zhì 寘 is limited to the concrete placing of a physical object in a place.
                  • Ant: 親/INTIMATE The general word for close familiarity is qīn 親 (ant. shū 疏 "have only distant relations with"), but the word often retains connotations of kinship relations.
                  • Ant: 崇/RESPECT Chóng 崇 and zōng 宗 refers to distant and typically religious veneration of a spirit or person very highly regarded. SHI 靡神不宗"there are no spirits which we have not honoured"
                  • Ant: 即/APPROACH Jí 即 and jiù 就 (all ant. lí 離 "leave, move away from") refer neutrally to moving close to a certain place. [GENERAL]
                  • Ant: 用/DEPLOY The current general word for deploying troops is chén 陳which connotes arrangement of things in ordered formations, and the more general yòng 用.
                  • Assoc: 廢/DISMISS
                  • Assoc: 捐/DISCARD
                  • Assoc: 捐/DISCARD
                  • Synon: 廢/DISCARD Fèi 廢 and the rarer tì 替 (all ant. zhì 置 "establish"!!!! See also no. 4 below.) refer to discarding something one has made use of or has been involved with for some time.
                  • Synon: 絕/DISCARD
                  • Oppos: 重/IMPORTANT Zhòng 重 (ant. qīng 輕"of no consequence") focusses on what carries considerable weight in a certain context.

                    Syntactic words
                  • nobjectwhat has been discarded
                  • vt(oN)discard the contextually determinate N
                  • vt[oN{REFLEX}]give oneself up as hopeless, abandon oneself to a dissipated lifeLZ
                  • vtoNabandon; set aside; discard (as no longe of use), throw away (useless things); refuse to accept
                  • vtoNthrow away, discardCH
                  • vtoNfigurative(unjustifiably) reject (proposals); abandon (a person); jetison; disregard (orders etc)
                  • vtoNfigurativeabandon, reject
                  • vtoNfigurativediscard (oneself), reject (oneself)
                  • vtoNmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
                  • vtoNmiddle voicebe bound to rejection; get abandoned; be lostDS
                  • vtoNN=humanbreak with (somebody); reject (someone) as unworthy
                  • vtoNpassivebe rejected, be abandoned
                  • vtt(oN1.)+N2N2=placethrow contextually determinate N1 away into N2
                  • vttoN1.+N2discard N1 in the place N2
                  • vttoN1.+prep+N2discard N1 in the place N2CH
                  捨  shě OC: lʰaʔ MC: ɕɣɛ
                  舍  shě OC: lʰaʔ MC: ɕɣɛ 58 AttributionsWD

                  Shě 捨/舍 (ant. qǔ 取 "pick out and choose") refers to letting go of or rejecting something that one might have chosen to retain or use.

                    Word relations
                  • Result: 失/LOSE The dominant general word for to lose is shī 失 (ant. dé 得 "get") which refers to any disappearance of something which belonged to one in any sense, but the emphasis tends to be on the loss being the result of a mistake rather than mere insouciance.
                  • Ant: 慳/FRUGAL
                  • Ant: 趨/CHOOSE Qū 趨 (ant. bì 避 "shy away from and avoid") and the rarer xiàng 嚮 (ant. bèi 背 "turn one's back on") refer to a tendency to exercise a certain preference.
                  • Synon: 投/DISCARD
                  • Oppos: 取/OBTAIN Obtaining something through effort and often with an element of choice involved is qǔ 取 (ant. qì 棄 "choose to reject").
                  • Oppos: 趨/STRIVE FOR

                    Syntactic words
                  • nabactrejection (of a choice), discarding (of something one does not like)
                  • vt(oN)figurativediscard, give up (with a contextually determinate abstract N)
                  • vtoNgive up, release; opt against, reject as a choice; give up on; set aside; throw away
                  • vtoNfigurativediscard, get rid of (with abstract N)
                  • vtoNfigurativebe rejected
                  • vtoNN=humanreject; refuse to employ
                  • vtoNpsychdiscard (oneself)
                  廢  fèi OC: pods MC: pi̯ɐi 56 AttributionsWD

                  Fèi 廢 and the rarer tì 替 (all ant. zhì 置 "establish"!!!! See also no. 4 below.) refer to discarding something one has made use of or has been involved with for some time.

                    Word relations
                  • Ant: 修 / 脩/CULTIVATE The current general term for cultivating something or refining it is xiū 修 (from Han times onwards sometimes also miswritten as xiū 脩, ant.* màn 慢 "neglect the cultivation of").
                  • Object: 法/LAW The current general word for a law, a legal system or any legal provision of any kind is fǎ 法.
                  • Assoc: 荒/BARREN The standard word is huāng 荒 (ant. féi 肥 "rich, fertile" and wò 沃"fertile") which refers to any barren or uncultivated piece of land. [GENERAL], [GENERAL-USE]; [[COMMON]]
                  • Synon: 去/DISCARD Qù 去 refers to the distancing oneself from something by rejecting it.
                  • Synon: 捨 / 舍/DISCARD Shě 捨/舍 (ant. qǔ 取 "pick out and choose") refers to letting go of or rejecting something that one might have chosen to retain or use.
                  • Synon: 棄/DISCARD The standard general words for discarding something is qì 棄 (ant. qǔ 取 "choose to retain") and the somewhat rarer juān 捐.
                  • Oppos: 立/ESTABLISH The current general word for setting up anything abstract or concrete is lì 立 and the almost equally common shè 設.

                    Syntactic words
                  • nabactthe discarding, the failure to appoint
                  • vadNabandoned, discarded, discontinued
                  • vt[oN]discard or dismiss someone
                  • vtoNreject, dismiss; disregard, fail to obey (orders); discard; eliminate, remove
                  • vtoNabdiscarded NabCH
                  • vtoNabfigurativediscarded the practice of NabCH
                  • vtoNfigurativediscard from one's awareness> disregard, fail to pay attention to
                  • vtoNfigurativemiddle voice, figurative: be discardedCH
                  • vtoNpassivebe dismissed; be discarded; be thrust aside
                  去  qù MC: khjoX OC: khaʔ 53 AttributionsWD

                  Qù 去 refers to the distancing oneself from something by rejecting it.

                    Word relations
                  • Ant: 任/RELY ON Rén 任 typically refers to reliance on someone inferior in the context of public administration.
                  • Ant: 取/CHOOSE The general word for making a deliberate and in principle free choice is qǔ 取 "to choose or opt for (the preferred alternative), to prefer" (ant. 捨 "reject"), and what is thus chosen or preferred may be concrete or abstract.
                  • Ant: 行/ACT The current general word for any deliberate action one may be held morally and/or administratively responsible for is xíng 行 (ant. zhǐ 止 "decide not to take action"). The nominal entries have the old reading xìng. [COMMENDATORY!], [GENERAL], [HABITUAL], [RESPONSIBLE]
                  • Synon: 絕/DISCARD
                  • Synon: 廢/DISCARD Fèi 廢 and the rarer tì 替 (all ant. zhì 置 "establish"!!!! See also no. 4 below.) refer to discarding something one has made use of or has been involved with for some time.

                    Syntactic words
                  • nabfigurativerejection (of an alternative)CH
                  • vt(oN)discard the contextually determinate thing
                  • vtoNget rid of, discard; dispense with (often with abstract objects: disavow)
                  • vtoNfigurativediscard from one's awareness> disregard, fail to take account of
                  • vtoNpassivebe discarded, be done away with; be rejected
                  • vtoNpsychdismiss (oneself), disregard (oneself)
                  釋  shì OC: lʰaɡ MC: ɕiɛk 31 AttributionsWD

                  Shì 釋 (ant. liú 留 "keep in employment") and the rarer jiě 解 refer to rejecting the continued use of something.

                    Word relations
                  • Ant: 用/USE The current general word is yòng 用 (ant. fèi 廢 "give up the use of, not use")
                  • Ant: 行/ACT The current general word for any deliberate action one may be held morally and/or administratively responsible for is xíng 行 (ant. zhǐ 止 "decide not to take action"). The nominal entries have the old reading xìng. [COMMENDATORY!], [GENERAL], [HABITUAL], [RESPONSIBLE]
                  • Ant: 任/ACT
                  • Oppos: 用/DEPLOY The current general word for deploying troops is chén 陳which connotes arrangement of things in ordered formations, and the more general yòng 用.

                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNdispense with; divest oneself of, put aside, put away; reject and rid oneself of; dismiss and reject;  sometimes figurative: give up on (on a task)
                  • vtoNpassiveget discarded
                  捐  juān OC: ɢʷlen MC: jiɛn 12 AttributionsWD

                    Word relations
                  • Contrast: 絕/DISCARD
                  • Assoc: 棄/DISCARD The standard general words for discarding something is qì 棄 (ant. qǔ 取 "choose to retain") and the somewhat rarer juān 捐.
                  • Assoc: 棄/DISCARD The standard general words for discarding something is qì 棄 (ant. qǔ 取 "choose to retain") and the somewhat rarer juān 捐.

                    Syntactic words
                  • vadNdiscarded
                  • vt(oN)discard the contextually determinate NCH
                  • vtoN(justifiably) discard (things or persons); pour away (water); throw away
                  • vtoNderiveddisregard as unimportantCH
                  • vtoNpassivebe (justifiably) discarded
                  委  wěi OC: qrolʔ MC: ʔiɛ 8 AttributionsWD

                  Wěi 委 and zhì 置 (ant.* zhí 執 "hold onto" or chí 持 "hold onto") refer to putting things aside. See DISREGARD

                    Syntactic words
                  • vt(oN)abandon; give up (a contextually determinate object)
                  • vtoNrelegate to another place, send away; abandon, give up; disregard as unimportant
                  投  tóu OC: doo MC: du 7 AttributionsWD

                    Word relations
                  • Synon: 捨 / 舍/DISCARD Shě 捨/舍 (ant. qǔ 取 "pick out and choose") refers to letting go of or rejecting something that one might have chosen to retain or use.

                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNdiscard, throw to the ground
                  渝  yú OC: lo MC: ji̯o 7 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vt(oN)depart and deviate from the contextually determinate N
                  • vtoNrepudiate, go back on, deviate from[that word might fit better into another syn. group][CA]
                  • vtoNpassivebe repudiated, be deviated from
                  絕  jué OC: dzod MC: dziɛt 7 AttributionsWD

                    Word relations
                  • Contrast: 捐/DISCARD
                  • Synon: 去/DISCARD Qù 去 refers to the distancing oneself from something by rejecting it.
                  • Synon: 棄/DISCARD The standard general words for discarding something is qì 棄 (ant. qǔ 取 "choose to retain") and the somewhat rarer juān 捐.

                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNfigurativediscontinue the use of what one has or what prevails
                  遺  yí OC: k-lul MC: ji 6 AttributionsWD

                    Word relations
                  • Object: 拾/PICK UP Shí 拾 refers to the picking up of something that is lying where it does not really belong.

                    Syntactic words
                  • v[adN]v=passiveabandoned things, lost things, left thingsCH
                  • vadNpassivediscarded, leftoverCH
                  • vt+prep+Nfigurativegive up on; have no time for
                  • vtoNset aside, leave aside, leave out
                  • vtoNpassiveget set aside; get left out
                  除  chú OC: rla MC: ɖi̯ɤ 6 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNdiscard, reject; do away with
                  • vtoNpassivebe discarded
                  拋  pāo OC: phruu MC: phɣɛu 4 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vt(oN)discard, toss aside, abandon (with contextually determinate object)
                  • vtoNdiscard, throw, cast, abandon (>ignore)
                  • vtoNN=humandiscard > ignore somebody
                  • vttoN1.+N2cast/discarde N1 to the place N2
                  • vttoN1.+prep+N2discard something somewhere
                  放  fàng OC: paŋs MC: pi̯ɐŋ 4 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNdiscard; reject; dismiss; abandon
                  卻  què OC: khaɡ MC: khi̯ɐk 3 AttributionsWD

                  Què 卻 (ant. shòu 受 "accept for employment") typically refers to a rejection or discarding of something as useless.

                    Word relations
                  • Assoc: 除/REMOVE Chú 除 refers specifically to getting rid of something undesirable.

                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNdismiss as useless
                  孤棄  gū qì OC: kʷaa khils MC: kuo̝ khi 3 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • VPt(oN)figurativedisappoint, fail to treat as one should
                  • VPtoNabandon, fail to show proper consideration for
                  捨棄  shě qì OC: lʰaʔ khils MC: ɕɣɛ khi 3 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • VPt(oN)figurativeabandon, absent oneself from (a situation etc)
                  • VPtoNresultativediscard
                  棄去  qì qù OC: khils khaʔ MC: khi khi̯ɤ 3 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • VPt(oN)resultativeabandon a contextually determinate place/object N abruptly
                  • VPtoNresultativeabandon abruptly
                  攘  ráng OC: njaŋ MC: ȵi̯ɐŋ 2 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNfigurative: reject
                  方  fāng OC: paŋ MC: pi̯ɐŋ 2 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNprobably loan for 放?
                  替  tì OC: thiids MC: thei 2 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNto discard. pre-Han: mostly in connection with people
                  • vtoNpassivebe discarded (in favour of someone else)
                  拋放  pāo fàng OC: phruu paŋs MC: phɣɛu pi̯ɐŋ 2 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • VPtt(oN1.)+N2omdiscard (something) somewhere; throw N1 (contextually determinate) into N2
                  捨離  shě lí OC: lʰaʔ b-rel MC: ɕɣɛ liɛ 2 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • VPtoNresultativediscard so as to become separated from> get divorced from
                  擲  zhì OC: ɡ-leɡ MC: ɖiɛk 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNthrow away
                  遐  xiá OC: ɡraa MC: ɦɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNcausativecause to be distant > remove; reject
                  錯  cuò OC: skhaaɡ MC: tshɑk 1 AttributionWD

                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNset aside
                  捐棄  juān qì OC: ɢʷlen khils MC: jiɛn khi 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • VPt(oN)discard the contextually determinate N
                  棄捐  qì juān OC: khils ɢʷlen MC: khi jiɛn 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • VPtoNpassivebe discarded
                  棄捨  qì shě OC: khils lʰaʔ MC: khi ɕɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • VPtoNdiscard
                  殊釋  shū shì OC: djo lʰaɡ MC: dʑi̯o ɕiɛk 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • VPtoNkeep away from and discard, keep clear of
                  翦棄  jiǎn qì OC: tsenʔ khils MC: tsiɛn khi 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • VPtoNpluralcut off and abandon to their fate
                  背棄  bèi qì OC: pɯɯɡs khils MC: puo̝i khi 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • VPt+prep+Nfigurativediscard
                  除卻  chú què OC: rla khaɡ MC: ɖi̯ɤ khi̯ɐk 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • VPtoNfigurativecast aside
                  • VPtoNfigurativebe discarded
                  離卻  lí què OC: b-rel khaɡ MC: liɛ khi̯ɐk 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • VPtoNresultativedistance oneself from completely; discard completely
                  謝  xiè MC: zjaeH OC: --CH 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNreject (for one's use)CH
                  揥  dī MC: tej OC: k-leeCH 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vt(oN)figurativereject; discardCH
                  擲去  zhì qù MC: drjek khjoX OC: deɡ khaʔDS 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • VPtoNthrow something awayDS
                  寘  zhì OC: tjels MC: tɕiɛ 0 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNdiscard, reject
                  殞  yǔn OC: ɢunʔ MC: ɦin 0 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNdrop, lose, cast away
                  置  zhì OC: tɯɡs MC: ʈɨ 0 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  解  jiě OC: kreeʔ MC: kɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNrid oneself of, get away from (a truth)
                  拋卻  pāo què OC: phruu khaɡ MC: phɣɛu khi̯ɐk 0 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • VPtoNresultativedisregard, discard (> ignore)
                  捐捨  juān shě OC: ɢʷlen lʰaʔ MC: jiɛn ɕɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • VPtoNpassivebe rejected
                  擲著  zhì zhuó OC: deɡ k-laɡ MC: ɖiɛk ʈi̯ɐk 0 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • VPtt(oN1.)+N2N2=placethrow away into a place
                  棄置  qì zhì OC: khils tɯɡs MC: khi ʈɨ 0 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  外  wài OC: ŋoods MC: ŋɑi 0 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNactreject, discard (abuses, practices etc)
                  • vtoNmedget discarded
                  • vtoNpassivebe discarded, be rejected
                  餘  yú OC: la MC: ji̯ɤ 0 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNdiscard as unimportant to one HNZ: 餘天下而不貪，委萬物而不利
                    Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNreject (for one's use)CH
                    Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vt(oN)figurativereject; discardCH

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