APPOINT  委任任

EMPLOY so as to CAUSE TO BECOME a SENIOR OFFICIAL.
NOMINATENAMEDESIGNATEINSTALL ASCOMMISSIONENGAGE
Antonym
  • DISMISSSTOP EMPLOYING someone in a JOB.
    Hypernym
    • EMPLOYCOMMAND to ACT:do PAID WORK FOR ONESELF.
      • COMMANDADDRESS someone, USING AUTHORITY, INTENDING to CAUSE that person to ACT RESEMBLE:as one INTENDS him to ACT.
        • ADDRESSSPEAK OR WRITE INTENDING ANOTHER TO HEAR OR READ AND TO REACT to IT. 
          • SPEAKACT so as to USE WORDS FOR SHOWING MEANING.*Speech by speaker X, directed towards audience Y, in order to communicate message Z....
    See also
    • DEPLOYCOMMAND an ARMY to ACT:engage in WARFARE.
      Hyponym
      • INSTALL　APPOINT to an IMPORTANT RANK.
        • PROMOTE　APPOINT to CAUSE TO BECOME a MORE NOBLE OFFICIAL.
          Old Chinese Criteria
          [FORMAL/INFORMAL]

          [GENERAL/SPECIFIC]

          [IMPOLITE/POLITE]

          [TECHNICAL-TERM/CURRENT-WORD]

          1. Bài 拜 (ant. biǎn 貶 "demote to a lower position in the hierarchy at court") refers formally and bureaucratically to a high appointment at court.

          [POLITE], [SPECIFIED]; [vtt!]

          2. Shì 仕 (ant. chù 黜 "remove from office") describes a position below the top echelon in pre-Qín times, but came to refer to the highest kinds of appointment in Hàn times.

          [FORMAL], [GENERAL]

          3. Huàn 宦 is rarer, refers originally to the position of a menial servant, but became basically synonymous with shì 仕, except that huàn 宦 normally refers to positions held at court.

          [SPECIFIC], [FORMAL]

          4. Wéi 為 "make into" is a neutral informal term which does not primarily refer to the formal investment or any transferring of the insignia of office.

          [GENERAL], [INFORMAL]

          5. Xiàng 相 is used in a derived sense for an appointment to a specific high position, that of Prime Minister.

          [FORMAL], [SPECIFIC+]

          6. Shǔ 署 is a Hàn dynasty technical buraucratic term.

          [FORMAL], [TECHNICAL-TERM]

          7. Mìng 命 refers specifically to the conferment of the title which goes with an official appointment.

          [FORMAL], [CURRENT-WORD]

          8. 委

          9. 授

          黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
          HUANG JINGUI 2006 GOVERNMENT/LAW 21.

          任，任官的通稱。

          委，用於皇帝或諸王委任重要職務。

          拜，用一定的禮節授給官職。

          授，朝廷對於有一定功績或有聲望者授予或提升職務。

          除，免去舊官任新官；後也用於初授官職，

          23. 賜，多為爵位、名號等物質、榮譽等的恩惠。

          賞，施於有功者的恩惠。

          封，最早指分賜土地；後指分賜公侯、食邑、爵號之類，含有莊重色彩。

          贈，漢代起特用於對死者的追封、追贈。

          GOVERNMENT/LAW 26. APPOINT TO A NEW POSITION

          改，平調，有時略含升遷，要與表示任職的詞連用。

          調，不同部門間的平級調動，有時也小有升或降，還有選拔調用的情況。

          轉，完全因工作需要而平調。

          徙，一般指平調，但根據不同情況，也可表升或降職。

          Modern Chinese Criteria
          委任

          委派

          加委

          任命

          任

          授

          拜

          選

          委

          封官

          授官

          加官

          選官

          拜官

          拜除

          拜命

          封爵

          封

          拜

          加官進爵

          first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH/

            Attributions by syntactic funtion

            • vtoN : 44
            • VPtt(oN1.) N2 : 12
            • NPab : 12
            • vi : 11
            • vttoN1.+N2 : 7
            • vt(oN) : 4
            • vt[oN] : 4
            • vttoN.+V[0] : 3
            • nab : 3
            • vadN : 3
            • vtoN.-V[0] : 2
            • vtt(oN1.) N2 : 2
            • vttoN1:postvtoN2 : 2
            • nab : 2
            • VPtoN : 2
            • vt+N : 2
            • vtoN1. VtoN2 : 1
            • VPtt(oN1.) N2 : 1
            • vtoN1.+N2 : 1
            • NPab.adN : 1

            Attributions by text

            • 說苑 : 19
            • 韓非子 : 16
            • 春秋左傳 : 13
            • 史記 : 11
            • 荀子 : 10
            • 論語 : 9
            • 論衡 : 6
            • 淮南子 : 4
            • 孟子 : 3
            • 莊子 : 3
            • 尚書 : 3
            • 戰國策 : 3
            • 搜神記 : 2
            • 公孫龍子 : 2
            • 太平經 : 2
            • 呂氏春秋 : 2
            • 春秋穀梁傳 : 2
            • 毛詩 : 2
            • 韓詩外傳 : 2
            • 晏子春秋 : 1
            • 阮籍集四卷 : 1
            • 賢愚經 : 1
            • 古列女傳 : 1
            • 吳越春秋 : 1

            Words

            舉  jǔ OC: klaʔ MC: ki̯ɤ 31 AttributionsWD

              Word relations
            • Ant: 錯/DISCARD
            • Assoc: 選/CHOOSE Xuǎn 選 and the rarer bá 拔 (ant. chì 斥 "set aside") is an administrative term referring to the choice of incumbents for a position to be filled according to given criteria of choice.

              Syntactic words
            • vt(oN)omappoint the contextually determinate person
            • vt[oN]make appointments
            • vtoNchoose (a person) for promotion, recommend; appoint to a high position
            • vtoN.-V[0]appoint N to V
            • vtoNpassivebe appointed
            仕  shì OC: dzrɯʔ MC: ɖʐɨ 15 AttributionsWD

            Shì 仕 (ant. chù 黜 "remove from office") describes a position below the top echelon in pre-Qín times, but came to refer to the highest kinds of appointment in Hàn times. [FORMAL], [GENERAL]

              Syntactic words
            • viacttake employment
            • viinchoativegain employment; enter employment
            • vtoNgive public employment toCH
            • vttoN1.+N2causativeemploy (someone N1) as (an official N2); employ (someone) (in a position)
            封  fēng OC: poŋ MC: pi̯oŋ 13 AttributionsWD

              Word relations
            • Contrast: 官/EMPLOY
            • Contrast: 拜/APPOINT Bài 拜 (ant. biǎn 貶 "demote to a lower position in the hierarchy at court") refers formally and bureaucratically to a high appointment at court. [POLITE], [SPECIFIED]; [vtt!]
            • Synon: 拜/APPOINT Bài 拜 (ant. biǎn 貶 "demote to a lower position in the hierarchy at court") refers formally and bureaucratically to a high appointment at court. [POLITE], [SPECIFIED]; [vtt!]

              Syntactic words
            • nabactappointmentsCH
            • vadNenfeoffed
            • vtoNenfeoff (a person)
            • vtoN1.+N2passive(of N1) be appointed as an N2CH
            • vtoNpassivebe appointed
            • vttoN.+V[0]enfoeff N to V
            • vttoN1.+N2N=placeenfeof N1 with N2CH
            天命  tiān mìng OC: lʰiin mɢreŋs MC: then mɣaŋ 13 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPab.adNby heavenly appointmentCH
            • NPabactappointment by Heaven, Mandate of Heaven to a ruler
            以為  yǐ wéi MC: yiX hjweH OC: k-lɯʔ ɢʷalCH 13 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPtt(oN1.) N2appoint the contextually determinate N1 as N2CH
            • VPtt(oN1.) N2continuativehave the contextually determinate person appointed as N2; retain the contextually determinate person in the function N2DS
            為  wéi OC: ɢʷal MC: ɦiɛ 6 AttributionsWD

            Wéi 為 "make into" is a neutral informal term which does not primarily refer to the formal investment or any transferring of the insignia of office. [GENERAL], [INFORMAL]

              Syntactic words
            • vtoNCAUSE TO BECOME> appoint as (a successor etc); make into (one's ruler/tutor etc)
            • vtt(oN1.)+N2omappoint someone contextually determinate N1 as (something N2)
            • vttoN1:postvtoN2以N2為N1　
            相  xiàng OC: sqaŋs MC: si̯ɐŋ 6 AttributionsWD

            Xiàng 相 is used in a derived sense for an appointment to a specific high position, that of Prime Minister. [FORMAL], [SPECIFIC+]

              Syntactic words
            • vtoNcausativeappoint as prime minister
            命  mìng OC: mɢreŋs MC: mɣaŋ 5 AttributionsWD

            Mìng 命 refers specifically to the conferment of the title which goes with an official appointment.

              Syntactic words
            • nabactappointment; appointment and mandate 受命
            • vt+prep+Npassiveby appointed to one's position by N
            • vtoNgive an appointment to, appoint; give a mandate to
            • vtoNpassiveget a formal (feudal) appointment
            • vttoN1.+N2appoint N1 to the position N2
            拜  bài OC: proods MC: pɣɛi 5 AttributionsWD

            Bài 拜 (ant. biǎn 貶 "demote to a lower position in the hierarchy at court") refers formally and bureaucratically to a high appointment at court. [POLITE], [SPECIFIED]; [vtt!]

              Syntactic words
            • vt+NN=officebe appointed as (a prime minister etc)
            • vttoN1.+N2appoint (a person N1) in (a position N2); appoint N1 to a position higher by N2
            宦  huàn OC: ɢʷraans MC: ɦɣan 3 AttributionsWD

            Huàn 宦 is rarer, refers originally to the position of a menial servant, but became basically synonymous with shì 仕, except that huàn 宦 normally refers to positions held at court. [SPECIFIC], [FORMAL]

              Syntactic words
            • vtoNemploy in official function at court
            授  shòu OC: djus MC: ɨu 2 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoNappoint (as leader etc)
            拜授  bài shòu OC: proods djus MC: pɣɛi ɨu 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPtoNgive a position to
            爵命  jué mìng OC: tsewɡ mɢreŋs MC: tsi̯ɐk mɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPabactappointment
            • VPtoNpassivebe formally appointed to a high feudal rank
            除  chú MC: drjo OC: rlaCH 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • vt(oN)appoint the contextually determinate person to a higher positionCH
            延  yán MC: yen OC: lanCH 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoN1. yǐ N2apoint N1 to the position of N2 延以...之位CH
            尊  zūn MC: tswon OC: tsuunCH 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoN1 wéiN2honour N1 so as to make him N2CH
            待以  dài yǐ MC: dojX yiX OC: ɡ-lɯɯʔ k-lɯʔCH 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtt(oN1.) N2appoint the implicit N1 to the rank N2; treat N1 as an N2CH
            表  biǎo MC: pjewX OC: prawʔDS 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoN1. VtoN2appoint N1 as N2DS
            使  shǐ OC: srɯʔ MC: ʂɨ 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtt(oN1.)+N2appoint N1 to the position N2
            委  wěi OC: qrolʔ MC: ʔiɛ 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoNsend to fill an office, order to fill an office;
            徵  zhēng OC: tɯŋ MC: ʈɨŋ 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoNdraft in in order to apoint in some office (Han dynasty bureaucratic usage)
            署  shǔ OC: ɡljas MC: dʑi̯ɤ 0 AttributionsWD

            Shǔ 署 is a Hàn dynasty technical buraucratic term. [FORMAL], [TECHNICAL]

              Syntactic words
            • vtoNappoint by imperial order (Han dynasty bureaucratic usage)
            稟為  bǐng wéi OC: prɯmʔ ɢʷal MC: pim ɦiɛ 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPtt(oN1.)+N2appoint the contextually determinate N1 to the distinguished rank of an N2
              Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtt(oN1.) N2appoint the contextually determinate N1 as N2CH

            Existing SW for

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