EMPLOY    僱用用／使

COMMAND to ACT:do PAID WORK FOR ONESELF.
HIREENGAGERECRUITTAKE ONSECURE THE SERVICES OFSIGN UPSIGNPUT ON THE PAYROLLENROLLAPPOINTRETAINCONTRACTINDENTUREAPPRENTICE
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for employing someone for any purpose, but also in highly formal bureacratic contexts, is yòng 用. 2. Shǐ 使 refers to employing someone in a certain mission or for a certain task. 3. Rén 任 refers to investing someone with certain official or legal responsibilities. 4. Huàn 宦 refers to employing someone as a subordinate of any kind below the rank of a senior minister. 5. Yōng 庸 / 傭 refers to hiring someone through promising him a salary.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 TRADE 17. 雇傭。 傭，出賣勞動力長期服務於固定的雇主。 賃，出賣勞動力服務於臨時雇主。 雇，有償使用他人勞動力。
Modern Chinese Criteria
雇用 雇佣 雇請 雇工 雇 佣 聘請 聘任 聘用 延聘 延請 招聘 錄用 聘請 找人 延 聘 請 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • APPOINT　EMPLOY so as to CAUSE TO BECOME a SENIOR OFFICIAL. (anc: 17/0, child: 2)
Antonym
  • DISMISSSTOP EMPLOYING someone in a JOB.
  • SERVEOBEY ENDURINGLY AND HELP someone, OFTEN:typically RECEIVING a SALARY.
See also
  • COMMANDADDRESS someone, USING AUTHORITY, INTENDING to CAUSE that person to ACT RESEMBLE:as one INTENDS him to ACT.
Hypernym
  • COMMAND　ADDRESS someone, USING AUTHORITY, INTENDING to CAUSE that person to ACT RESEMBLE:as one INTENDS him to ACT. (anc: 15/0, child: 8)
  • ADDRESS　SPEAK OR WRITE INTENDING ANOTHER TO HEAR OR READ AND TO REACT to IT.  (anc: 14/0, child: 23)
  • WRITE　PRODUCE a DOCUMENT. (anc: 13/0, child: 4)
Other Hypernyms
  • COMMANDnew-64400543-79c1-45c0-8005-4379c115c025　ADDRESS someone, USING AUTHORITY, INTENDING to CAUSE that person to ACT RESEMBLE:as one INTENDS him to ACT. (anc: 14/1, child: 8)
  • ADDRESSnew-b2b104ff-6112-4947-b104-ff611229470d　SPEAK OR WRITE INTENDING ANOTHER TO HEAR OR READ AND TO REACT to IT.  (anc: 13/0, child: 23)
  • SPEAK　ACT so as to USE WORDS FOR SHOWING MEANING.*Speech by speaker X, directed towards audience Y, in order to communicate message Z. (anc: 12/0, child: 32)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 11.77

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 352

    • Words (29 items)

    用  yòng OC: k-loŋs MC: ji̯oŋ 63 Attributions

    The current general word for employing someone for any purpose, but also in highly formal bureacratic contexts, is yòng 用.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 捨 / 舍/DISCARD Shě 捨/舍 (ant. qǔ 取 "pick out and choose") refers to letting go of or rejecting something that one might have chosen to retain or use.
    • Assoc: 信/TRUST The current word for having faith in someone is xìn 信 (ant. yí 疑 "be suspicious of"), and this word belongs to the high discourse of politics and ethics.

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)employ the contextually determinate person
    • vtoNmake use of the services of (a horse etc), employ (armed force etc); employ (a person); make proper use of
    • vtoNpassivebe employed, get employed
    • vtoNpositivemake proper use of
    任  rèn OC: njɯms MC: ȵim 37 Attributions

    Rèn 任 refers to investing someone with certain official or legal responsibilities.

      Syntactic words
    • nabprocessprocess of appointnentDS
    • vadNemployed
    • vt(oN)give responsibilities to contextually determinate NLZ
    • vt[oN]give responsibilities to; give responsibilities for something to someone, put in charge ofTWH
    • vtoNemploy; give responsibilities to
    • vtoNpassivebe given responsibilities
    使  shǐ OC: srɯʔ MC: ʂɨ 36 Attributions

    Shǐ 使 refers to employing someone in a certain mission or for a certain task.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactemployment
    • nobjectread shì: employee; envoy
    • vadNpassiveemployed
    • vt+V[0]passivebe long-term employed in the function to S
    • vtoNemploy on a mission; send out as representative or ambassador; send as an emissary (to a place) (to do something)
    • vtoNemploy in one's serviceCH
    • vtoNpassivebe employed, be on an official mission
    • vtt(oN.)+V[0]employ the contextually determinate N to V
    • vtt(oN1.)+N2employ N1 as N2CH
    • vttoN.+V[0]act asemploy as, employ to act as 使為
    官  guān OC: koon MC: kʷɑn 9 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNemploy as a formal official
    • vtoNpassivebe given an officeLZ
    悉  xī OC: sid MC: sit 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNconscribe all; use all, deploy all; use up all the resources of
    信用  xìn yòng OC: sins k-loŋs MC: sin ji̯oŋ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)resultativeemploy with good faith the contextually determinate person
    • VPtoNresultativeemploy with good faith
    以  yǐ OC: k-lɯʔ MC: jɨ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • DELETEwhen employing N then VCH
    • vtoNarchaic: e.g. 不吾以 "they do not employ me" employ
    • vtoNpassivee.g. 怨乎不以 "be resentful that they are not employed": be employed, get employed
    職  zhí MC: tsyik OC: kljɯɡ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNemploy in a regular official functionCH
    迎  yíng MC: ngjaeng OC: ŋɡraŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)employ the contextually determinate N 迎以令尹CH
    • vtoN.-V[0]N=pivotwelcome N to VCH
    閱  yuè MC: -- OC: lod 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNemploy (XUN - obviously rather rare)LZ
    傭  yōng OC: k-loŋ MC: ji̯oŋ 2 Attributions

    Yōng 庸/傭 refers to hiring someone through promising him a salary.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNemployed; hired
    • vtoNto hire
    • vtoNpassiveget employed; be employed in corvee labour
    宦  huàn OC: ɢʷraans MC: ɦɣan 2 Attributions

    Huàn 宦 refers to employing someone as a subordinate of any kind below the rank of a senior minister.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNpassiveemployed in a minor official function
    • vtoNcausativehave someone employed as an official
    • vtoNpassivebe employed as an official
    當  dāng MC: tang OC: taaŋLZ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNappropriately employLZ
    當  dāng MC: tang OC: taaŋLZ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNappropriately employLZ
    官施  guān shī MC: kwan sye OC: koon lʰal 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNemploy in an officeLZ
    買  mǎi OC: mreeʔ MC: mɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNhire
    雇  gù OC: klaas MC: kuo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNemploy
    可用  kě yòng MC: khaX yowngH OC: khlaalʔ k-loŋs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]who can be employed, an employable personLZ
    齒  chǐ OC: khljɯʔ MC: tɕhɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vimiddle voiceget employed, gain employment
    當路  dāng lù OC: taaŋ ɡ-raaɡs MC: tɑŋ luo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+prep+Ninchoativeto gain an influential position (in a state)
    事  shì OC: dzrɯs MC: ɖʐɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNemploy in service
    庸  yōng OC: k-loŋ MC: ji̯oŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNemploy properly
    有  yǒu MC: hjuwX OC: ɢʷɯʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNhave in one's employmentCH
    使人  shǐ rén MC: sriX nyin OC: srɯʔ njinCH 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactthe action of employing othersCH
    由  yóu OC: liw MC: jɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN
    起  qǐ OC: khɯʔ MC: khɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNemploy (a person in office)
    關  guān OC: kroon MC: kɣan 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpassiveget deployed as, get posted in
    士  shì OC: dzrɯʔ MC: ɖʐɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viact=仕：be in official employment
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNhave in one's employmentCH