IMPORTANT  重要要／重

APPROPRIATE to CAUSE ATTENTION OR RESPECT.
Hypernym
  • APPROPRIATEEXCELLENT in a DEFINED SITUATION OR FOR a DEFINED NEED.
    • EXCELLENTFEATURE BECAUSE of which SOMETHING OR SOMEONE IS OR SHOULD BE PREFERRED to OTHERS
      • FEATUREABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE.
        • OBJECT[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to....
See also
  • POWERENDURING STRENGTH AND ABILITY to CAUSE OTHERS to ACT:do what one DESIRES them to DO.[[MACHT]]
    • STRONGABLE to ACHIEVE DIFFICULT TASKS of the BODY OR to the MIND.
      Hyponym
      • NOBLE　IMPORTANT BECAUSE of RANK OR MORAL WISDOM.
        • HUMAN DIGNITY　NOBILITY in ALL HUMANS that CAUSES them to DESERVE APPROPRIATE BASIC RESPECT AND FREEDOMS.[[MENSCHENWUERDE]]
        • SUPERIOR　MORE EXCELLENT OR MORE NOBLE than ANOTHER BY NATURE.
      • URGENT　IMPORTANT AND NEEDING QUICK REACTION.
        • GENUINE　IMPORTANT AND NOT FAKED.
          • STATUS　ROLE in a GROUP OR in a SOCIETY.
            • RANK　FORMAL PUBLIC STATUS.
          • EXISTENTIAL　Be IN-RELATION-TO IMPORTANT PROBLEMS OF LIFE AND DEATH.
            • INTERESTING　IMPORTANT so as to CAUSE one to DESIRE to KNOW OR SEE MORE of it.
              • PROFOUND　OBSCURE BUT INTENSELY INTERESTING.
            • SUMMARY　INTERESTING OR IMPORTANT PARTS of a COMPLEX ACCUMULATION OF SENTENCES.
              Old Chinese Criteria
              1. The most general term for the relative importance and crucial nature of something is yào 要 (ant. xì 細 ).

              2. Zhòng 重 (ant. qīng 輕 "of no consequence") focusses on what carries considerable weight in a certain context.

              3. Zhǔ 主 (ant. cì 次 "secondary") refers to what is crucial and primary, or dominant, in a certain context.

              4. Běn 本 (ant. mò 末 ) refers to what is basic and and a matter of substance in a context.

              5. Shǒu 首 (wěi 尾 / mò 末 ) refers what deserves to come first or what deserves to be regarded of first importance.

              6. Jí 極 refers to the ultimate most elevated point of something.

              7. Jī 機 refers to the crucial mechanism that makes something work properly.

              Modern Chinese Criteria
              重要

              緊要

              要緊

              打緊

              當緊

              關緊

              主要

              顯要

              首要

              第一

              要害

              機要

              衝要

              重大

              重點

              要

              重

              根本

              關鍵

              非同小可

              非同兒戲

              舉足輕重

              一言九鼎

              生死攸關

              事關重大

              至關緊要

              rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

              Attributions by syntactic funtion

              • vtoN : 75
              • nab : 52
              • vadN : 48
              • vi : 32
              • NP : 20
              • NPpost-N{PRED} : 19
              • vt+prep+N : 13
              • v[adN] : 10
              • n : 7
              • VPi : 6
              • NPab{nab1ant.nab2} : 5
              • vtoN : 4
              • NPab : 4
              • VP[adN] : 3
              • nab.post-N : 3
              • VPtoN : 3
              • nab.post-V{NUM} : 3
              • v[adN1.]post-N2 : 2
              • nadN : 2
              • nab(post-N) : 1
              • vt(oN) : 1
              • vt0oN : 1
              • NPpost-N{PRED} : 1
              • v[adN.]adV : 1
              • nab.post-N : 1
              • vadV : 1
              • vipost-N : 1
              • vi+prep+N : 1
              • vtoNPab{S} : 1
              • NPadS : 1
              • NP{N1&N2} : 1
              • NPadV : 1

              Attributions by text

              • 韓非子 : 35
              • 春秋左傳 : 32
              • 荀子 : 30
              • 戰國策 : 27
              • 莊子 : 23
              • 呂氏春秋 : 21
              • 淮南子 : 17
              • 說苑 : 13
              • 孟子 : 13
              • 論語 : 10
              • 管子 : 10
              • 法言 : 10
              • 祖堂集 : 10
              • 禮記 : 5
              • 阮籍集四卷 : 5
              • 國語 : 4
              • 墨子 : 4
              • 論衡 : 4
              • 文選 : 3
              • 春秋公羊傳 : 3
              • 陸機集十一卷 : 3
              • 春秋穀梁傳 : 3
              • 忠經 : 3
              • 法句經 : 3
              • 臨濟錄 : 3
              • 太平經 : 2
              • 賢愚經 : 2
              • 孝經 : 2
              • 文子 : 2
              • 古列女傳 : 2
              • 尸子 : 2
              • 搜神記 : 1
              • 史記 : 1
              • 全上古三代秦漢三國六朝文 - 全上古三代文 - 全秦文 - 全漢文 - 全後漢文 : 1
              • 鹽鐵論 : 1
              • 列子 : 1
              • 群書治要 : 1
              • 戰國縱橫家書釋文 : 1
              • 晏子春秋 : 1
              • 藝文類聚 : 1
              • 申鑒 : 1
              • 孫子 : 1
              • 長短經 : 1
              • 老子 : 1
              • 鶡冠子 : 1
              • 韓詩外傳 : 1
              • 六祖壇經 : 1
              • 孫子兵法 : 1
              • 稽瑞 : 1

              Words

              重  zhòng OC: doŋʔ MC: ɖi̯oŋ 73 AttributionsWD

              Zhòng 重 (ant. qīng 輕"of no consequence") focusses on what carries considerable weight in a certain context.

                Word relations
              • Ant: 輕 / 輕/UNIMPORTANT The current general term for unimportance is qīng 輕 (ant. zhòng 重 "important").
              • Contrast: 貴/NOBLE Guì 貴 (ant. jiàn 賤 "of low character") adds to the notion of high social status that of subjectively appreciated nobility of character. [HIGH-DEGREE], [PERSONAL], [SUBJECTIVE]
              • Contrast: 愛/LOVE The clearly dominant word referring to love is ài 愛 (ant. hèn 恨 "dislike"; rarely zēng 憎 "dislike"; and wù 惡 "hate"), and this word refers both to the feelings of love and to the expression of love in loving care for another person as well as in sexual relations. (Occasionally, the word may refer to the emotional preference that a small child feels for its parents. For this meaning see PREFER.)
              • Synon: 急/NEED Jí 急 (ant.* yǒu yú 有餘 "have more than enough") refers to a desperate state which can be said to be a state where one is in need of help and supplies.
              • Oppos: 棄/DISCARD The standard general words for discarding something is qì 棄 (ant. qǔ 取 "choose to retain") and the somewhat rarer juān 捐.

                Syntactic words
              • npost-Nthe most important thing in N
              • v[adN]what is important
              • vadNimportant; substantial, serious (crimes etc)
              • vigradedbe powerful, significant, striking; be in a strong position: be of great (political) weight 最重
              • vipost-Nas important as N 隨侯珠之重 STRUCTURALLY MOST PUZZLING
              • vt+prep+Nhave great influence on, be very important for, be influential with
              • vtoNcausativecause to be important, introduce as politically important
              • vtoNcausativecause (oneself) to be (more) important
              • vtoNgradedconsider as (the more) important; consider as a serious matter, take seriously, attach importance to; be chiefly concerned with; 最重
              • vtoNpassivebe regarded as important by
              • vtoNreflexive.自putative: regard oneself as important, attitudinal: treat oneself as importantCH
              大  dà OC: daads MC: dɑi 66 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • v[adN.]adVin large and important mattersCH
              • v[adN]N=humimportant person
              • v[adN]pluralimportant things; important mattersTWH
              • v[adN]subjectimportant things; the important one, the more important one;
              • vadNgradedsignificant; important; decisive, overarching; the most important 甚大
              • vadNsuperlativethe most influential, the dominant; notoriousCH
              • vifigurativebe important, be relatively important; be an important personality
              • viinchoativebecome importantCH
              • vt+prep+Ngradedbe more important (than something)
              • vtoNputativeconsider as important; declare important; admire as very important
              • vtoNputativeconsider (oneself) as important
              • vtoNputative; passivebe considered as importantDS
              要  yào OC: qews MC: ʔiɛu 48 AttributionsWD

              The most general term for the relative importance and crucial nature of something is yào 要 (ant. xì 細).

                Word relations
              • Object: 執/HOLD Zhí 執 is often inchoative "take hold of", and then comes to mean "hold on to, keep holding" as one goes along.
              • Object: 失/LOSE The dominant general word for to lose is shī 失 (ant. dé 得 "get") which refers to any disappearance of something which belonged to one in any sense, but the emphasis tends to be on the loss being the result of a mistake rather than mere insouciance.
              • Object: 守/SAFEGUARD Bǎo 保 (which emphasises safety against dangers or threats) and shǒu 守 (which emphasises good care and the ensuring that something is not lost or impaired) are the two general words for safeguarding things.

                Syntactic words
              • nab(post-N)the important point regarding the contextually determinate matter NCH
              • nab.post-Nthe most important point(s) in NCH
              • nab.post-Nthe crucial point of N, the most important part of NCH
              • nab.post-Npluralthe crucial points of NLZ
              • nab.post-V{NUM}principles; the important point; the main thing
              • nabmetaphysicalthe vital point; most important point. essential point; essence; main initiative; main controlling functions
              • v[adN]the most important place; a very important placeCH
              • vadNgradedimportant, crucial; essential
              • viimportant
              • vi+prep+Ngradedbe more important than
              • vtoNgradedbe more important than N
              • vtoNputativeregard as crucially importantCH
              大事  dà shì MC: dajH dzriH OC: daads dzrɯsCH 40 AttributionsWD

                Syntactic words
              • NPthe (most) important question/matter/undertaking in the contextCH
              • NPan important matter/undertakingCH
              • NPdefinitethe important thing/duties/business/task(s)/matter(s) in the contextCH
              • NPpost-Nan important matter/task/undertaking in NCH
              • NPpost-Nsuperlativethe （most) important matter/thing/undertaking/task/duty/achievementCH
              • NPpost-N{PRED}be an important matter; be a vital matter; be a crucial matterCH
              • NPpost-N{PRED}superlativebe the  (most) important matter/ thing/undertaking/task for/in N; be be the crucial thing for NCH
              主  zhǔ OC: tjoʔ MC: tɕi̯o 23 AttributionsWD

              Zhǔ 主 (ant. cì 次 "secondary") refers to what is crucial and primary, or dominant, in a certain context.

                Word relations
              • Epithet: 本/BASIS The basic word is běn 本 "the trunk, the main part" (ant. mò 末 "marginal part") and this word refers to the crucial constituent of something in any sense. [GENERAL], [STATIC]; [[COMMON]]
              • Synon: 本/IMPORTANT Běn 本 (ant. mò 末) refers to what is basic and and a matter of substance in a context.

                Syntactic words
              • nabmetaphysicalthe most important point; the essential thing, the main thing
              • v[adN1.]post-N2the most important thing of/for N2
              • vadNmain, primary
              • vtoNattitudinalTREAT AS THE MAIN THING> have as one's main concern, give top priority to
              • vtoNputativehave (something) as most important element; depend on (something)
              輕重  qīng zhòng OC: kheŋ doŋʔ MC: khiɛŋ ɖi̯oŋ 8 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPab[post-N]relativethe relative importance of things
              • VP[adN]pluralthe unimportant and the important
              多  duō OC: k-laal MC: tɑ 5 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • vibe important, be paramount
              • vigradedbe more important
              • vt+prep+Ntreat as crucial; make a big fuss about; put much weight onCH
              • vtoNtreat as crucial; make a big fuss about; put much weight on
              • vtoNPab{S}declarativerecommend to one's attention or emphasise
              • vtoNputative.reflex.自be self-importantCH
              宗  zōng OC: tsuuŋ MC: tsuo̝ŋ 5 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • nabthe main point made by a text or a person, the main thing
              • nadNsuperlativemost important, cardinal; most significant
              • vtoNattitudinalrespect N as the most important thingLZ
              • vtoNpassivebe taken as the most important thing
              弘  hóng OC: ɡʷɯɯŋ MC: ɦəŋ 5 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • nfigurativegreatness
              • vifigurativetremendous, important
              有  yǒu OC: ɢʷɯʔ MC: ɦɨu 5 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • nabfeaturesignificanceCH
              • VPiexpected answer: no!於X何有？Idiomatic expression: What does it have to do with X? How does it interfere with X?
              • VPtoNrhetorical questionwhat concern do I have for these
              • vt+prep+Nsubjectivematter to 有於
              約  yuē OC: qplewɡ MC: ʔi̯ɐk 4 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • v[adN]N=nonhumanwhat is the bare essential (to one); what is the condensed important point; what is just the main point (for one)
              至  zhì OC: kljiɡs MC: tɕi 4 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • v[adN]what is most importantCH
              • visuperlativeto be of greatest importance
              先  xiān OC: sɯɯn MC: sen 4 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • vtoNputativeregard and treat as the more/most importantCH
              厚  hòu OC: ɡoos MC: ɦu 3 AttributionsWD

                Syntactic words
              • vt+prep+Nregard (something N) as important, focus very much on N
              • vtoNputativeregard as important
              上  shàng OC: ɡljaŋʔ MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ 2 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • v[adN]the most important thing
              • vadVat best, at the most important levelCH
              正  zhèng OC: tjeŋs MC: tɕiɛŋ 2 AttributionsWD

              only adnominal, like 副 in 副主席

                Syntactic words
              • vadNregular; main; most important
              首  shǒu OC: qhljuʔ MC: ɕɨu 2 AttributionsWD

              Shǒu 首 (wěi 尾/ mò 末) refers what deserves to come first or what deserves to be regarded of first importance.

                Syntactic words
              • nabimportant point; the important feature; the most important thing
              要諸  yào zhū OC: qews klja MC: ʔiɛu tɕi̯ɤ 2 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • VPtoNputativeregard as central
              切  qiè OC: snʰiids MC: tshei 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • vibe of current importance
              劇  jù OC: ɡlaɡ MC: gɣɛk 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • vigradedimportant 甚劇
              務  wù OC: mos MC: mi̯o 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • nabmoralimportant task at hand, important issue
              在  zài OC: sɡɯɯʔ MC: dzəi 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • vt0oNthe point is N; the important thing is N
              極  jí OC: ɡɯɡ MC: gɨk 1 AttributionWD

              Jí 極 refers to the ultimate most elevated point of something.

                Syntactic words
              • nabmetaphysicalthe supreme point; the ultimate decisive and crucial point
              歸  guī OC: klul MC: kɨi 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • nabmetaphysicalimportant point which all things revert>boil down to
              甚  shèn OC: ɡljums MC: dʑim 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • vibe impressive
              • vt(oN)putativetake very seriously 何甚 "why take this so seriously?"
              算  suàn OC: sqoonʔ MC: sʷɑn 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • vtoNpassivebe reckoned with, be regarded as important
              著  zhuó OC: k-laɡ MC: ʈi̯ɐk 1 AttributionWD

                Word relations
              • Ant: 微/UNIMPORTANT Xì 細 (ant. jù 巨 "of tremendous importance") and wēi 微 (ant. dà 大 "of great importance") refer to things being trifling and without serious impact on a situation

                Syntactic words
              • vtoNtreat as important; emphasise
              領  lǐng OC: ɡ-reŋʔ MC: liɛŋ 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • nsubj=nonhumanthe important thing
              魁  kuí OC: khuul MC: khuo̝i 1 AttributionWD

                Word relations
              • Assoc: 名/WELL-KNOWN The dominant general term for any kind of reputation, god or bad, is míng 名.

                Syntactic words
              • nadNoutstanding
              厚者  hòu zhě OC: ɡooʔ kljaʔ MC: ɦu tɕɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPadSin the more serious case
              第一  dì yī OC: liils qliɡ MC: dei ʔit 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPadVas the most important thing
              重劇  zhòng jù OC: doŋʔ ɡlaɡ MC: ɖi̯oŋ gɣɛk 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • VPibe important, be of importance, be respected
              關捩  guān lì OC: kroon rɯɯds MC: kɣan lei 1 AttributionWD
              • 唐五代語言詞典 Táng Wǔdài yǔyán cídiǎn A Dictionary of the Language of the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods ( JIANG/CAO 1997) p. 146

                Glossed as ji1gua1n 機關 and ji1zho2u 機軸 and the derived meaning gua1njia4n 關鍵 'crux of a situation; key to a problem'

                Syntactic words
              • NPabcrux (of a matter); key (to a problem)
              關捩子  guān lì zǐ OC: kroon rɯɯds sklɯʔ MC: kɣan lei tsɨ 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPabthe crux (of a matter); key (to a problem)
              可觀  kě guān MC: khaX kwan OC: khlaalʔ koonCH 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • VP[adN]the ones that ought to be surveyed in detail> the important onesCH
              急  jí 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • vt(oN)attitudinalregard N as importantTWH
              重厚  zhòng hòu MC: drjowng huwH OC: doŋʔ ɡoosCH 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • VPibe of importance and have social influenceCH
              重厚  zhòng hòu MC: drjowng huwH OC: doŋʔ ɡoosCH 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • VPibe of importance and have social influenceCH
              小大  xiǎo dà MC: sjewX dajH OC: smewʔ daadsCH 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPabrelative importanceCH
              樞要  shū yāo MC: tsyhu 'jiew OC: khjo qewLZ 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPabmost important point, essenceLZ
              不小  bù xiǎo MC: pjut sjewX OC: pɯʔ smewʔCH 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • VPilitotesbe very importantCH
              始  shǐ OC: lʰɯʔ MC: ɕɨ 0 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • nsubjectthe basic most important thing
              帥  shuài OC: sruds MC: ʂi 0 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • nfigurativedeterminating factor; superordinate factor
              本  běn OC: pɯɯnʔ MC: puo̝n 0 AttributionsWD

              Běn 本 (ant. mò 末) refers to what is basic and and a matter of substance in a context.

                Word relations
              • Synon: 主/IMPORTANT Zhǔ 主 (ant. cì 次 "secondary") refers to what is crucial and primary, or dominant, in a certain context.

                Syntactic words
              • nabmetaphysicalthe most important point 反其本"revert to the important point"
              機  jī OC: kɯl MC: kɨi 0 AttributionsWD

              Jī 機 refers to the crucial mechanism that makes something work properly.

                Syntactic words
              貴  guì OC: kluds MC: kɨi 0 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • vigradedbe (the most) important 民為貴

              Existing SW for

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