BASIS 根本本
LOWEST AND/OR MOST IMPORTANT PART of something.
FOUNDATIONFOUNDATIONSUPPORTBASEREASONINGRATIONALEDEFENSEREASONGROUNDSJUSTIFICATIONMOTIVATIONSTARTING POINTBASEPOINT OF DEPARTUREBEGINNINGPREMISEFUNDAMENTAL POINT/PRINCIPLEPRINCIPAL CONSTITUENTMAIN INGREDIENTCORNERSTONECOREHEARTTHRUSTESSENCEKERNELNUB
Antonym
- UNIMPORTANTLACK IMPORTANCE.
Hypernym
- PARTOBJECT which COMBINES with OTHER OBJECTS to BECOME ONE LARGER WHOLE OBJECT.
See also
- CONFORMACT so as to NOT to OFFEND against RULES OR a MODEL.
- RELY ONTRUST in AND USE OR CONFORM to as being PROFITABLE to one's AIMS.
- BASICALLYCONFORMING TO WHAT IS BASIC IN SOMETHING.
Hyponym
- EMPIRICAL BASED on PERCEIVING AND NOT ONLY BASED on REPORTS.
Old Chinese Criteria
[ABSTRACT/CONCRETE]
[[COMMON/RARE]]
[DYNAMIC/STATIC]
[GENERAL/SPECIFIC]
1. The basic word is běn 本 "the trunk, the main part" (ant. mò 末 "marginal part") and this word refers to the crucial constituent of something in any sense.
[GENERAL], [STATIC]; [[COMMON]]
2. Duān 端 "beginning" (ant. mò 末 "marginal part") is current in the meaning "initial crucial element, initiating fundamental property", and this is a very philosophial subtle word which conceives of what is crucial as dynamically affecting the rest.
[ABSTRACT], [DYNAMIC]
3. Gēn 根 "the root from which things spring" (ant. miǎo 杪 "small twig") is often used together with běn 本, but can also by itself be used in metaphorical senses, but the word is much rarer than běn 本 in this meaning.
[STATIC]
4. Jī 基 is sometimes used in a literal sense of "foundation on which something rests", but the word is common in figurative senses as in "the solid foundations of the state".
[CONCRETE], [STATIC]
5. Zōng 宗 is ethereal and always abstract, sometimes even purely semantic in meaning.
[ABSTRACT], [STATIC]; [[RARE]]
6. Yīn 因 (ant. guǒ 果 "result") is causal in meaning and emphasises the dynamic causal link between the yīn 因 and whatever is based on it.
[GENERAL], [DYNAMIC]
[[COMMON/RARE]]
[DYNAMIC/STATIC]
[GENERAL/SPECIFIC]
1. The basic word is běn 本 "the trunk, the main part" (ant. mò 末 "marginal part") and this word refers to the crucial constituent of something in any sense.
[GENERAL], [STATIC]; [[COMMON]]
2. Duān 端 "beginning" (ant. mò 末 "marginal part") is current in the meaning "initial crucial element, initiating fundamental property", and this is a very philosophial subtle word which conceives of what is crucial as dynamically affecting the rest.
[ABSTRACT], [DYNAMIC]
3. Gēn 根 "the root from which things spring" (ant. miǎo 杪 "small twig") is often used together with běn 本, but can also by itself be used in metaphorical senses, but the word is much rarer than běn 本 in this meaning.
[STATIC]
4. Jī 基 is sometimes used in a literal sense of "foundation on which something rests", but the word is common in figurative senses as in "the solid foundations of the state".
[CONCRETE], [STATIC]
5. Zōng 宗 is ethereal and always abstract, sometimes even purely semantic in meaning.
[ABSTRACT], [STATIC]; [[RARE]]
6. Yīn 因 (ant. guǒ 果 "result") is causal in meaning and emphasises the dynamic causal link between the yīn 因 and whatever is based on it.
[GENERAL], [DYNAMIC]
Modern Chinese Criteria
根本
基本
元本
本
基礎
基業
基石
木本
水源
地基
基礎
基趾
根腳
根基
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
基本
元本
本
基礎
基業
基石
木本
水源
地基
基礎
基趾
根腳
根基
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
- 同義詞例解（三） Tongyici lijie Yuyanxuexi ( XIAO YAN 1952) p.
- Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary
(
TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996)
p.
135 - 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典
(
HONG CHENGYU 2009)
p.
120 - A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms
(
T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004)
p.
NO.118
Words
本 běn OC: pɯɯnʔ MC: puo̝n 82 AttributionsWD
The basic word is běn 本 "the trunk, the main part" (ant. mò 末 "marginal part") and this word refers to the crucial constituent of something in any sense. [GENERAL], [STATIC]; [[COMMON]]
- Word relations
- Ant: 末/UNIMPORTANT
Mò 末 (ant. běn 本 "basic and important")) refers to something being marginal as opposed to other things that are central or crucial - Object: 務/STRIVE FOR
The current general word for striving for something as an important aim in one's life is wù 務. - Object: 返 / 反/RETURN
Fǎn 反/返 (ant. wǎng 往 "set out for") is to get back to where one came from, and the focus is on whereto one returns. 及反 is "when he had got back", 未反 is "before he had god back". 反哭 is wailing upon one's return, not while returning. - Object: 知/UNDERSTAND
The standard current and word for understanding something and knowing how to do something is zhī 知 (ant. mèi 昧 "not have the foggiest idea") - Epithet: 主/IMPORTANT
Zhǔ 主 (ant. cì 次 "secondary") refers to what is crucial and primary, or dominant, in a certain context. - Epithet: 主/RULER
The current general word for a person in charge of others are zhǔ 主 (ant. pú 僕 "servant"). - Contrast: 初/BEGIN
Chū 初 (ant. mò 末 "end") is purely chronological and refers to the early stage of something that persists, without indicating any lasting influence of that early stage on later developments. See FIRST - Contrast: 原 / 源/SOURCE
Yuán 源/原 refers to an original source, and this word is rich in metaphysical or abstract connotation. See BEGIN - Contrast: 始/BEGIN
The general word for something occurring for the crucial and influential first time or initiating anything, in particular any development, is shǐ 始 (ant. zhōng 終"bring to an end; come to an end" and chéng 成 "bring to a successful end, complete"). - Contrast: 實/REALITY
The current word referring to reality is shí 實 (ant. xū 虛 "pretended reality"), but the word acquired this meaning rather late (meaning "object" in earlier texts). - Synon: 祖/ANCESTOR
Zǔ 祖 (ant. hòu 後 "offspring") is the current general term for genetic literal ancestors. [CURRENT], [LITERAL], [MALE]
- Syntactic words
- n(post-N)what is basic in the contextually determinate NCH
- nabthe basicsCH
- nab(post-N)psychwhat is basic for oneCH
- nab.post-Nwhat is basic and crucial in N; the basic and crucial features of N; primary consideration in N
- nabmetaphysicalwhat is basic and crucial, basic principleLZ
- nadNbasic, fundamental; original (seat etc)
- nadVas far as the basis is concerned, in regard of what is basic; basically 性本善"nature is basically good"
- npost-Nthe basis of N (many examples need to be moved here)
- npost-Vthe basis of/for V-ingLZ
- viabstractbe abstract, be basicCH
- viactlay the foundations of things
- vt+prep+Nbe based on
- vtoNattitudinalto take N as one's basisLZ
- vttoN1.+N2lay the foundations of N1 in N2
基 jī OC: kɯ MC: kɨ 31 AttributionsWD
Jī 基 is sometimes used in a literal sense of "foundation on which something rests", but the word is common in figurative senses as in "the solid foundations of the state". [CONCRETE], [STATIC]
- Syntactic words
- nconcrete: foundations (of a house)
- nabmetaphysicalbasis, foundations (of the state etc)
- vtoNlay foundations for, serve as a foundation for
端 duān OC: toon MC: tʷɑn 17 AttributionsWD
Duān 端 "beginning" (ant. mò 末 "marginal part") is current in the meaning "initial crucial element, initiating fundamental property", and this is a very philosophial subtle word which conceives of what is crucial as dynamically affecting the rest. [ABSTRACT], [DYNAMIC]
- Syntactic words
- nabmetaphysicalpsychological basis (see also FEELING); basic elements; basic point made; basic orientation; point of view, approach; basic motives
- nadVoriginally, fundamentally
根 gēn OC: kɯɯn MC: kən 15 AttributionsWD
Gēn 根 "the root from which things spring" (ant. miǎo 杪 "small twig") is often used together with běn 本, but can also by itself be used in metaphorical senses, but the word is much rarer than běn 本 in this meaning. [STATIC]
- Syntactic words
- nabmetaphysicalabstract and metaphorical: root; basis; karmic basis (BUDDH.: orig. tr. SANSKRIT indriya or mūla; see http://www.buddhism-dict.net/cgi-bin/xpr-ddb.pl?68.xml+id('b6839'))
- nadNbasic
- vibe basic
- vt+prep+Nbe based in, have one's roots in MENG 仁義禮智根於心。that is to say, benevolence, rightness, the rites and wisdom, is rooted in his heart.
宗 zōng OC: tsuuŋ MC: tsuo̝ŋ 6 AttributionsWD
Zōng 宗 is ethereal and always abstract, sometimes even purely semantic in meaning. [ABSTRACT], [STATIC]; [[RARE]]
- Syntactic words
- nabbasic point; basic doctrine
因 yīn OC: qin MC: ʔin 5 AttributionsWD
Yīn 因 (ant. guǒ 果"result") is causal in meaning and emphasises the dynamic causal link between the yīn 因 and whatever is based on it. [GENERAL], [DYNAMIC]
- Syntactic words
- nabmetaphysicalbasis; power base
- vt(oN.)adVbasing oneself on N to go on to VCH
- vtoNmiddle voicebe based onCH
根本 gēn běn OC: kɯɯn pɯɯnʔ MC: kən puo̝n 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabmetaphysicalbasic principles
- NPadNbasic
由 yóu OC: liw MC: jɨu 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabcause > base, origin; reason
元 yuán OC: ŋɡon MC: ŋi̯ɐn 2 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Epithet: 氣/ENERGY
The most general current word for material vital cosmic energies of any kind is qì 氣.
- Syntactic words
- nabmetaphysicalfundamenal basis, original basia
- nadVbasically
幹 gàn OC: kaans MC: kɑn 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabmetaphysicalbasis (metaphorical)
由來 yóu lái OC: liw m-rɯɯ MC: jɨu ləi 2 AttributionsWD
- 唐五代語言詞典 Táng Wǔdài yǔyán cídiǎn A Dictionary of the Language of the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods
(
JIANG/CAO 1997)
p.
419 glossed as 向來；本來; examples from YOUXIANKU and Tang poetry
- Syntactic words
- VPadVbasically, originally, fundamentally
本元 běn yuán OC: pɯɯnʔ ŋɡon MC: puo̝n ŋi̯ɐn 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadVbasically
立乎 lì hū MC: lip hu OC: ɡ-rub ɢaaCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcontinuativebe solidly based onCH
壇 tán MC: dan OC: daanCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- nbasisCH
元元本本 yuán yuán běn běn MC: ngjwon ngjwon pwonX pwonX OC: ŋɡon ŋɡon pɯɯnʔ pɯɯnʔCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadSvery basicallyCH
機根 jī gēn OC: kɯl kɯɯn MC: kɨi kən 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabbuddhistBUDDH: basis of capacity > the religious capacity of a person (the basic character of a person in terms of his ability to engage in religious practice and gain realization; because of the differences in capacity the Buddhist teaching must be ajusted to the listener; see also gēnxìng 根性); SANSKRIT indriya
主 zhǔ OC: tjoʔ MC: tɕi̯o 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- npost-NYI: basis for N 榮辱之主 "basis for glory and shame"
凡 fán MC: bjaem OC: blomCH 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
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