HOLD  把持持

CONTROL by KEEPING IN one's HANDS.
CLASPCLUTCHGRASPGRIPCLENCHCLING TOHOLD ON TOCARRYBEAR
Antonym
  • DISCARDDISPLACE something so as to VOLUNTARILY CAUSE ONESELF to LACK it.
    Hypernym
    • CONTROLINTERACT so as to CAUSE TO BE OR ACT RESEMBLE:as one DESIRES.
      • INTERACTACT so as to CAUSE ANOTHER TO REACT.
        • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision.
          • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION....
    See also
    • KEEPHAVE AND REFUSE to GIVE to OTHERS.
      Hyponym
      • LEAN ON　HOLD onto something so as to SUPPORT ONESELF (TYPICALLY STANDING).
        • WIELD　HOLD so as to USE as a WEAPON OR TOOL.
          Old Chinese Criteria
          1. The most current general and neutral word for holding something in any way concrete or abstract is chí 持 (ant. shī 失 "lose hold of").

          2. Zhí 執 is often inchoative "take hold of", and then comes to mean "hold on to, keep holding" as one goes along.

          3. Cāo 操 refers to holding and holding onto something, often taking it along as one goes along, sometimes wielding it as a weapon.

          4. Bǐng 秉 refers to clasping something firmly, often solemnly with both hands, and sometimes several things so as to hold and keep them together and not to let go.

          5. Jiá 挾 refers specifically to holding something under one's armpit, but the word also has some more generalised uses.

          6. Wò 握 and bǎ 把 are rather dramatic words referring to gripping something and not letting go of it.

          7. Gǒng 拱 refers to holding something politely in both hands.

          Modern Chinese Criteria
          執掌

          掌握

          掌

          握

          拿

          柄

          拿

          持

          執

          捉

          秉

          操

          仗

          手 is restricted to the phrase 老手 "keep holding in one's hands"

          握

          攥

          搦 (rare) is to grasp.

          rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

          Words

          執  zhí OC: tjib MC: tɕip 67 AttributionsWD

          Zhí 執 is often inchoative "take hold of", and then comes to mean "hold on to, keep holding" as one goes along.

            Word relations
          • Ant: 失/LOSE The dominant general word for to lose is shī 失 (ant. dé 得 "get") which refers to any disappearance of something which belonged to one in any sense, but the emphasis tends to be on the loss being the result of a mistake rather than mere insouciance.
          • Object: 要/IMPORTANT The most general term for the relative importance and crucial nature of something is yào 要 (ant. xì 細).
          • Object: 一/ONE The general word for one is yī 一.
          • Synon: 操/HOLD Cāo 操 refers to holding and holding onto something, often taking it along as one goes along, sometimes wielding it as a weapon.

            Syntactic words
          • nabactthe holding on to something; grasping
          • vadNfigurativecharacterised by fixed attachment to opinion
          • vt+prep+Nfigurativehold onto psychologically
          • vt[oN]hold onto one's position
          • vtoN.adVholding an N to VCH
          • vtoNcontinuoushold and carry (any object) with one or with two hands; wield
          • vtoNfigurativehold onto as important; negatively: hold on to; grasp and do not let go
          操  cāo OC: tshaaw MC: tshɑu 16 AttributionsWD

          Cāo 操 refers to holding and holding onto something, often taking it along as one goes along, sometimes wielding it as a weapon.

            Word relations
          • Synon: 執/HOLD Zhí 執 is often inchoative "take hold of", and then comes to mean "hold on to, keep holding" as one goes along.

            Syntactic words
          • vtoNhold in one's hands and be in charge of; hold and carry along (objects with or without a handle)
          • vtoN.adVholding an N to VCH
          握  wò OC: qrooɡ MC: ʔɣɔk 13 AttributionsWD

          Wò 握 and bǎ 把 are rather dramatic words referring to gripping something and not letting go of it.

            Syntactic words
          • vtoNgrip firmly; hold (a physical object, probably without a handle) in one's hands; abstractly: keep a firm grip on, hold on to
          • vtoNfigurativeabstractly: hold on toCH
          • vtoNpassivebe held in one's hands
          挾  xié OC: ɡeeb MC: ɦep
          夾  jiā OC: kreeb MC: kɣɛp 11 AttributionsWD

          Jiā 夾／ 挾 refers specifically to holding something under one's armpit, but the word also has some more generalised uses.

            Word relations

            Syntactic words
          • vt2oNfigurative"hold (between each other)"> have between each other
          • vtoNhold (concealed) under one's armpit, clasp under the arm; keep to oneself [take/seize (with chopsticks)][CA]
          • vtoNpassivebe carried under one's armpit
          秉  bǐng OC: praŋʔ MC: pɣaŋ 11 AttributionsWD

          Bǐng 秉 refers to clasping something firmly, often solemnly with both hands, and sometimes several things so as to hold and keep them together and not to let go.

            Word relations
          • Contrast: 把/HOLD Wò 握 and bǎ 把 are rather dramatic words referring to gripping something and not letting go of it.

            Syntactic words
          • vtoNhold (ox-tail flag) in one hand, clasp; hold
          • vtoNhold so as to use: wieldCH
          • vtoNfigurativehold onto as the crucial thing
          把  bǎ OC: praaʔ MC: pɣɛ 8 AttributionsWD

          Wò 握 and bǎ 把 are rather dramatic words referring to gripping something and not letting go of it.

            Word relations
          • Contrast: 秉/HOLD Bǐng 秉 refers to clasping something firmly, often solemnly with both hands, and sometimes several things so as to hold and keep them together and not to let go.
          • Synon: 持/HOLD The most current general and neutral word for holding something in any way concrete or abstract is chí 持 (ant. shī 失 "lose hold of").
          • Synon: 操/WIELD

            Syntactic words
          • vt(oN)omgrasp, grip (a contextually determinate object) in one's hands
          • vtoNgrasp, grip (a physical object, often an object with a handle) in one's hands
          • vtoNinchoativegrasp, grip (a physical object, often an object with a handle)TW
          持  chí OC: ɡrlɯ MC: ɖɨ 7 AttributionsWD

          The most current general and neutral word for holding something in any way concrete or abstract is chí 持 (ant. shī 失 "lose hold of").

            Word relations
          • Object: 戟/LANCE
          • Contrast: 舉/LIFT The most general and the most current word for lifting up anything, in literal as well as figurative senses is jǔ 舉.
          • Contrast: 舉/LIFT The most general and the most current word for lifting up anything, in literal as well as figurative senses is jǔ 舉.
          • Synon: 把/HOLD Wò 握 and bǎ 把 are rather dramatic words referring to gripping something and not letting go of it.

            Syntactic words
          • vtoNcontinuoushold on to
          • vtoNfigurativehold on to, not let go of
          • vtoNpassivebe held
          捉  zhuō OC: tsrooɡ MC: ʈʂɣɔk 7 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • nabgrasp
          • vtoNhold, grab
          • vtoNinchoativetake hold of, take and hold together
          奉  fèng OC: boŋʔ MC: bi̯oŋ 6 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vt(oN)hold politely with both hands
          • vtoNhold politely with both hands
          將  jiāng OC: skaŋ MC: tsi̯ɐŋ 6 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNcarry along, bring, take
          撰  zhuàn OC: sɡroonʔ MC: ɖʐɣan 4 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNhold
          • vtoNinchoativelay hold of
          捫  mén OC: mɯɯn MC: muo̝n 3 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vt(oN)touch the contextually determinate NDS
          • vtoNgrasp after, hold on to, touch, reach out after
          抱  bào MC: bawX OC: buuʔCH 3 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNhold in one's armsCH
          托  tuō OC: ph-laaɡ MC: thɑk 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vt(oN)hold, support with one's palm (with contextually determinate object)
          承  chéng OC: ɡjɯŋ MC: dʑɨŋ 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNhold with both hands so as to offer up ＝奉
          拱  gǒng OC: koŋʔ MC: ki̯oŋ 2 AttributionsWD

          Gǒng 拱 refers to holding something politely in both hands.

            Syntactic words
          • vadNtaking two arms to hold around
          • vihold one's arms in front of the chestCH
          • vtoNhold with both hands (e.g. a piece of jade in order to present it politely); hold with both arms (as firewood)
          • vtoNpassivebe held politely
          抱  bào MC: bawX OC: buuʔCH 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNhold in one's armsCH
          仗  zhàng OC: daŋʔ MC: ɖi̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNhold (typically a weapon) in one's hand
          掎  jī OC: kral MC: kiɛ 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNhold fast; hold onto; pull down
          採  cǎi OC: tshɯɯʔ MC: tshəi 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNtake, grasp, pick up
          搊  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNpluck > grasp, get hold of
          撙  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNhold in hand
          執捉  zhí zhuō OC: tjib tsrooɡ MC: tɕip ʈʂɣɔk 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPiacthold; grasp
          懷挾  huái xié OC: ɡruul ɡeeb MC: ɦɣɛi ɦep 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPt(oN)hold a contextually determinate object N to one's chest
          把將  bǎ jiāng OC: praaʔ skaŋ MC: pɣɛ tsi̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPt(oN)fetch, bring (a contexutally determnate N)
          把捉  bǎ zhuō OC: praaʔ tsrooɡ MC: pɣɛ ʈʂɣɔk 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPt(oN)figurativegrasp (a contextually determinate abstract N)
          持載  chí zài OC: ɡrlɯ sɡlɯɯs MC: ɖɨ dzəi 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPtoNhold up
          攀欄  pān lán OC: phraan ɡ-raan MC: phɣan lɑn 1 AttributionWD
          • () p. 3783c

            Syntactic words
          • VPtoNto grasp something and not want to let go, to firmly hold on to, to cling to (on the origin of this compound see HYDCD: 攀朱檻)
          繫執  xì zhí OC: ɡeeɡs tjib MC: ɦei tɕip 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPt(oN)omhold on to; grasp
          拘  jū MC: kju OC: koCH 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNinchoativehold up, gather upCH
          懷  huái MC: hweaj  OC: ɡruul CH 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNhold in one's armsCH
          攜  xié OC: ɡʷlee MC: ɦei 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNhold; take along
          綏  suí OC: snul MC: si 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNcarry or hold something ceremonously at the level of the heart
          將還  jiāng huán OC: skaŋ ɡʷraan MC: tsi̯ɐŋ ɦɣan 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPtoNresultativecarry back to, bring back to
          有  yǒu OC: ɢʷɯʔ MC: ɦɨu 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNcontinuativehold in one's hands
            Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNinchoativehold up, gather upCH
            Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNhold in one's armsCH
            Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNhold in one's armsCH

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