BARREN  慌蕪荒

LACKING GROWTH of LIVING PLANTS.
UNPRODUCTIVEINFERTILEUNFRUITFULSTERILEARIDDESERT
Antonym
  • FERTILEABLE, as SOIL OR TERRITORY, to CAUSE PLANTS to GROW ABUNDANTLY.
    Hypernym
    • LACKSITUATION OF NOT HAVING, OR NOT to BEING-IN the UNIVERSE.
      • SITUATIONRELATION in which MANY HUMANS, FEATURES OR THINGS EXIST TOGETHER OR INTERACT.
        • RELATIONFEATURE of TWO OR MORE THINGS TOGETHER.
          • FEATUREABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE....
    Old Chinese Criteria
    [GENERAL/SPECIFIC]

    1. The standard word is huāng 荒 (ant. féi 肥 "rich, fertile" and wò 沃 "fertile") which refers to any barren or uncultivated piece of land.

    [GENERAL], [GENERAL-USE]; [[COMMON]]

    2. Wú 蕪 (ant. fān 蕃 "rich in agricultural vegetation") refers specifically to land overgrown with weads and thus unable to yield agricultural produce.

    [GENERAL-USE]; [[RARE]]

    3. Què 埆 refers to barren soil basically unsuitable for cultivation.

    [TECHNICAL-TERM]; [[RARE]]

    4. Qiāo 墝 refers to stony barren territory unsuitable for cultivation.

    [TECHNICAL-TERM]; [[RARE]]

    5. Cǎo lái 草萊 refers to barren grasslands unsuitable for cultivation.

    [POETIC]; [[RARE]]

    6. Bù máo 不毛 refers simply to the striking absence of all vegetation.

    [ELEVATED], [POETIC]

    Modern Chinese Criteria
    荒蕪

    荒廢

    荒

    廢

    蕪穢

    莽原

    莽蒼

    平蕪

    大荒

    rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

    Old Chinese Contrasts
    1. Some words refer specifically to non-productivity of land (què 埆, qiāo 墝 ), some to the fact that (potentially productive) land is not cultivated and deserted (huāng 荒, wú 蕪 ).

    2. Some words refer to spesific kinds of being barren (qiāo 墝 stony barren earth, cǎo lái 草萊 grasslands)

    3. Some expressions are metaphorical ( 不毛之地 )

    Words

    荒  huāng OC: hmaaŋ MC: hɑŋ 8 AttributionsWD

    The standard word is huāng 荒 (ant. féi 肥 "rich, fertile" and wò 沃"fertile") which refers to any barren or uncultivated piece of land. [GENERAL], [GENERAL-USE]; [[COMMON]]

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 廢/DISCARD Fèi 廢 and the rarer tì 替 (all ant. zhì 置 "establish"!!!! See also no. 4 below.) refer to discarding something one has made use of or has been involved with for some time.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNbarren; depopulated and uncultivated 荒原
    • vi(of a year) have low yields, bear little fruit; be barren; lie fallow, uncultivated (of fields); be desolate
    • vtoNcausativecause to be barren, leave barren
    墝  qiāo OC: khreew MC: khɣɛu
    磽  qiāo OC: khreew MC: khɣɛu 5 AttributionsWD

    Qiāo 墝/磽 refers to stony barren territory unsuitable for cultivation. [TECHNICAL-TERM]; [[RARE]]

      Word relations
    • Ant: 肥/FERTILE The standard word for fertility of land is féi 肥 (ant. jí 瘠 "infertile"), and this refers to potentially fertile areas as well as to land already under cultivation.
    • Oppos: 肥/FERTILE The standard word for fertility of land is féi 肥 (ant. jí 瘠 "infertile"), and this refers to potentially fertile areas as well as to land already under cultivation.

      Syntactic words
    • nGUAN, XUN, LS stony barren earth
    • nabfeaturebarrenness; stoniness
    • vibe barren
    不毛  bù máo OC: pɯʔ moow MC: pi̯ut mɑu 3 AttributionsWD

    Bù máo 不毛 refers simply to the striking absence of all vegetation. [ELEVATED], [POETIC]

      Syntactic words
    • VPadNwithout vegetation; without agriculturally cultivated plants
    • VPibe barren; be non-productive
    蕪  wú OC: ma MC: mi̯o 2 AttributionsWD

    Wú 蕪 (ant. fān 蕃 "rich in agricultural vegetation") refers specifically to land overgrown with weads and thus unable to yield agricultural produce. [GENERAL-USE]; [[RARE]]

      Syntactic words
    • vinot bear fruit, be overgrown only with weeds MENG 荒蕪
    埆  què OC: khrooɡ MC: khɣɔk 1 AttributionWD

    Què 埆 refers to barren soil basically unsuitable for cultivation. [TECHNICAL-TERM]; [[RARE]]

      Syntactic words
    • nbarren land MO 墝埆者其地不育
    不生  fōu shēng MC: pjuw sraeng OC: pɯ sraaŋCH 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNbarren, lifelessCH
    埇  yǒng OC: k-loŋʔ MC: ji̯oŋ 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    草萊  cǎo lài OC: tshuuʔ rɯɯs MC: tshɑu ləi
    草萊  cǎo lái OC: tshuuʔ rɯɯ MC: tshɑu ləi 0 AttributionsWD

    Cǎo lái 草萊refers to barren grasslands unsuitable for cultivation. [POETIC]; [[RARE]]

      Syntactic words
    • NPbarren area not used for agriculture; savannah, grasslands where only weeds grow

    Existing SW for

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