MIND    心心

ABSTRACT ORGAN of DESIRING, THINKING, FEELing AND KNOWING in HUMANS OR ANIMALS.
BRAININTELLIGENCEINTELLECTINTELLECTUAL CAPABILITIESBRAINSBRAINPOWERWITSUNDERSTANDINGREASONINGJUDGMENTSENSEHEADINFORMAL GRAY MATTERBRAIN CELLSSMARTS
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general word for the mental sphere of man is xīn 心 "HEART> mind" (ant. xíng 形 "physical shape, body", tǐ 體 "limbs, body"). 2. Zhì 志 (ant. shēn 身 "body") never refers to the faculty of the will, but is the agency through which man has his highest aspirations in life. 3. Qì 氣 can be used to refer specifically to the life-sustaining vital biological energies contained in the body as opposed to the phsyical make-up through bones, flesh, sinews, etc, of the body itself.
Modern Chinese Criteria
精神 魂 氣 胸懷 心思 情思 神思 心神 心腸 神魂 思緒 思潮 心潮 心胸 心路 心地 心眼兒 心坎 胸襟 胸懷 襟懷 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Part of
  • ATTITUDERELATION between a HUMAN who FEELS and PERCEIVED OBJECTS involving a TENDENDY to REACT.
  • WILLORGAN of INTENTION.
Antonym
  • BODYSHAPE of an ANIMAL OR HUMAN OR of THINGS.
See also
  • PERSONHUMAN as an ABSTRACT THING which FEELS, THINKS AND DECIDES, AND HAS RIGHTS AND DUTIES.
  • REASONORGAN of INTELLIGENCE, JUDGEMENT,2 AND ARGUMENTATION.
  • HEARTORGAN which PUMPS BLOOD.
  • SOULMIND:mental/psychological ORGAN OF THE HUMAN.
Hypernym
  • ORGAN　BODY PART used for BASIC FUNCTIONS of LIFE. (anc: 3/0, child: 16)
  • Not defined　 (anc: 2/0, child: 203)
  • PRIME　 (anc: 1/0, child: 2)
Other Hypernyms
  • Not defined　 (anc: 2/0, child: 203)
  • PRIME　 (anc: 1/0, child: 2)
  • 　 (anc: 0/0, child: 0)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 17.11

  • Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles ( CASSIN 2004) p. 493

    GEMUET

  • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 581

    MENS Vis animae rationalis qva cogitamus, rerum sensu perceptarum interius speculum.

    Constat 1. Ingenio. 2. Iudicio. 3. Memoria. Ingenii est cogitare; Judicij ratiocinari. Memoriae recordari....

  • Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache ( MAUTHNER WP 1924) p. I.556

  • Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache ( MAUTHNER WP 1924) p. II.575

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 3.1101

    HERZ

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 3.154

    GEIST

  • Key Concepts in Chinese Philosophy ( ZHANG DAINIAN 2002) p. 421

  • The Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( BORCHERT 2005) p. 1,200

  • Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages ( DE VAAN 2008) p.

    animus 'mind, spirit' [m. o] (P1.+)

    Derivatives: anima 'breath' (Naev.+); animal, -alis 'animal' (Varro+), animalis

    [adj.] 'living, animate' (Pac.+), animulus 'heart, soul' (PI.), exanimis [adj.] 'dead'

    (Lucr.+), exanimare 'to prostrate, kill' (P1.+), exanimabilis 'as one who is dead'

    (Naev.), exanimalis 'dead, deadly' (PI.).

    Pit. *anamo- 'breath, spirit'. It. cognates:

  • Quiddities. An Intermittently Philosophical Dictionary ( QUINE 1987) p. 132

  • 觀念的對比分析 ( YANG MINGTIAN 2009) p. 261

    DUSHA, SERDCE

  • New Dictiornary of the History of Ideas, 6 vols. ( HOROWITZ 2005) p.

    • Words (46 items)

    心  xīn OC: slɯm MC: sim 128 Attributions

    The general word for the mental sphere of man is xīn 心 "HEART> mind" (ant. xíng 形 "physical shape, body", tǐ 體 "limbs, body").

      Word relations
    • Object: 勸/PERSUADE NB: Practical "persuasion" of the quàn 勸 kind differs from quàn 勸 "to encourage" in that it contains a clear element of intellectual persuasion that it is right to do what one is encouraging someone to do.
    • Object: 娛 / 虞/HAPPY Yú 娛 (ant. yōu 憂 "worry") typically refers to indulgent happiness with thing as they are.
    • Epithet: 力/STRONG The typically nominal or adverbial lì 力 commonly refers to a permanent property of strength..
    • Epithet: 邪/WICKED Xié 邪 (ant. zhèng 正 "straight and in no way wicked") typically involves nuances of sinister evil influences in addition to plain human depravity.
    • Epithet: 氣/ENERGY The most general current word for material vital cosmic energies of any kind is qì 氣.
    • Epithet: 疾/ILLNESS Jí 疾 is the oldest general word for illness and sometimes continues to be used in this generalised way, but the word often came to refer more specifically to an acute short-term medical condition, and especially a change in medical condition, that can be very serious but is not normally construed as chronic.
    • Epithet: 人/HUMAN The dominant term is rén 人 which refers to any human.
    • Contrast: 躬/SELF Gōng 躬 is a fairly rare archaic and idiomatically restricted word referrring to the agent himself.
    • Contrast: 身/PERSON Shēn 身 regularly refers to the embodied person, as something to be cultivated, and as something to be morally careful about, but the word is originally widely used to refer to the physical body as such being at times hard to distinguish from the figurative use discussed in this group. The word is very often reflexive.
    • Contrast: 氣/ENERGY The most general current word for material vital cosmic energies of any kind is qì 氣.
    • Contrast: 氣/BREATHE
    • Assoc: 意/THINK
    • Oppos: 容/APPEARANCE Róng 容 refers to the contours of a person, expecially the contours of his or her face. See FACE. [DYNAMIC], [OUTLINE]
    • Oppos: 口/SPEAK
    • Oppos: 實/REALITY The current word referring to reality is shí 實 (ant. xū 虛 "pretended reality"), but the word acquired this meaning rather late (meaning "object" in earlier texts).
    • Oppos: 形/BODY The general word for the body versus the heart and soul is xíng 形(ant. xīn 心).
    • Oppos: 智 / 知/WISE The current general word for wisdom is zhì 智 (ant. yú 愚 "devoid of wisdom") and this may refer to any superior intellectual ability beyond the realm of memorisation or mundane knowledge, the quality which enables one to móu 謀 give good advice..
    • Oppos: 體/BODY Tǐ 體 refers to body as constituted by its various parts, in particular the limbs, and when it refers to the body as a whole the reference is to the posture and carriage of the body.
    • Oppos: 身體/BODY
    • Oppos: 腹/STOMACH The general term for the belly is fù 腹.
    • Oppos: 身/BODY Shēn 身 (which also means "person") specifically refers to the main trunk of the body excluding head, arms and legs.
    • Oppos: 體/LIMB Tǐ 體 refers (often collectively) to the limbs of the body, and it must be noted that the head counts as one tǐ 體 in the xíng 形 "body", but there is also a closely related usage where the word refers quite generally to the parts of the body as in bǎi tǐ 百體.
    • Oppos: 形體/BODY Xíng tǐ 形體 is the standard current binome for the physical body of both men and animals, including the body after death, among other things as the container of vital energy qì 氣.
    • Oppos: 力/STRONG The typically nominal or adverbial lì 力 commonly refers to a permanent property of strength..

      Syntactic words
    • nab(.post-N)the mind of the contextually determinate N
    • nab.red:adV?? the mind with its moment-by-moment activities; moment by moment ????
    • nab[.post-N]:adVwith N's mind; in one's heart/mind
    • nab[.post-N]plural: others'other people's mindsCH
    • nab[.post-N]psychone's (not other people's) mind BUDDH: skr. citta (the concept of 心 in Buddhist texts is of course extremely complicated!)
    • nab[.post-N]reflexivemy heart/mind, one's own mind
    • nabpost-NN's mind/heartLZ
    • nab－乎.adVin one's heart
    • nadNof the mind; mental
    • nadN1(.post-N2):adVin N's mindCH
    • npost-Nthe mind of the NsCH
    • viactmind > have mental activity; perfom mentally; function as mind
    中心  zhōng xīn OC: krluŋ slɯm MC: ʈuŋ sim 39 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • NPwhat lies at the bottom of one's heart, one's innermost sensibilities
    • NPadNpertaining to what lies at the bottom of one's heart
    • NPadVin the bottom of heart, from the bottom of one's heart; sincerely
    志  zhì OC: kljɯs MC: tɕɨ 20 Attributions

    Zhì 志 (ant. shēn 身 "body") never refers to the faculty of the will, but is the agency through which man has his highest aspirations in life.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 氣/ENERGY The most general current word for material vital cosmic energies of any kind is qì 氣.
    • Oppos: 體/BODY Tǐ 體 refers to body as constituted by its various parts, in particular the limbs, and when it refers to the body as a whole the reference is to the posture and carriage of the body.

      Syntactic words
    • nab(post-N)psychthe way of thinking of the contextually determinate NLZ
    • nab.adVin one's mind, with one's mind
    • nabpsychintentional orientation and aspiration, mental setup
    • nabpsychthe way of thinking, thoughtLZ
    深心  shēn xīn OC: qhljum slɯm MC: ɕim sim 12 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychthe bottom of one mind
    • NPadVat the bottom of one's mind
    志意  zhì yì OC: kljɯs qɯɡs MC: tɕɨ ʔɨ 11 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychorientations and thoughts
    無心  wú xīn OC: ma slɯm MC: mi̯o sim 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: No-mind (this is the most prominent Zen term, referring to the perfect, naturally pure mind 真心 (which is identical to fóxìng 佛性 Buddha-nature); the mind is in an original state of purity and does not engage in any discriminative thinking activities)
    • VPibuddhistBUDDH: be not endowed with a mind, have No-mind
    本心  běn xīn OC: pɯɯnʔ slɯm MC: puo̝n sim 6 Attributions
    • 傳法寶紀 Chuán fǎbǎo jì Annals of the Transmission of the Dharma-treasure Taishō ( CHUANFABAOJI) p.

      ed. YANAGIDA 1971: 327 "I prostrate myself to the spiritual compatriots who have had me safeguard my FUNDAMENTAL MIND which is itself like the pearl that, though immersed in muddy water, suddenly appears clearly through its own power." (tr. MCRAE 1986: 255)

    • 景德傳燈錄 Jǐngdé chuándēng lù The Record of the Transmission of the Lamp Published in the Jǐngdé Era Taishō ( JINGDECHUANDENGLU) p. 236a

    • The Northern School and the Formation of Early Ch'an Buddhism ( MCRAE 1986) p. 135, 315, fn.57

    • The Northern School and the Formation of Early Ch'an Buddhism ( MCRAE 1986) p. 4, 15 (chin, text)

    • 佛教語大辭典 Bukkyōgo daijiten Encyclopedic Dictionary of Buddhist Terms ( NAKAMURA) p. 4

    • 維摩詰所說經 Wéimójié suǒ shuō jīng Vimalakīrti-nirdessa Taishō ( VIMALAKIRTI(B)) p. 541a

    • 修心要論 Xiū xīnyào lùn Treatise on the Essentials of the Cultivation of the Mind PELLIOT ( XIUXINYAOLUN) p.

      Syntactic words
    • NP[post-N]BUDDH: original mind (the mind which is originally pure and not defiled; used syn. to zhēnxīn 真心 True Mind; in early Chán text (Northern School) often def. as syn. to fóxìng 佛性 Buddha-nature; běnxīn developed into one of the very important terms in Zen Buddhism) mod.CH
    佛心  fó xīn OC: bɯd slɯm MC: bi̯ut sim 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: the Buddha-mind > true, undefiled mind, syn. to 真心 True Mind and 佛性 Buddha-nature
    自心  zì xīn OC: sblids slɯm MC: dzi sim 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPab[.post-N]psychone's own mind =我心
    意  yì OC: qɯɡs MC: ʔɨ 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabbuddhistBUDDH: thinking faculty, mind (in Buddhism regarded as one of the sense-organs which has thoughts as its object; as opposed to 心 yì is hardly ever described positively but usually as the faculty which engages in discriminating thoughts) (see also 意識 and 意地) SANSKRIT manas
    • nabpsychmindCH
    胸臆  xiōng yì OC: qhoŋ qɯɡ MC: hi̯oŋ ʔɨk 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychseat of the mind, mind
    人心  rén xīn OC: njin slɯm MC: ȵin sim 4 Attributions

    • () p. 12.343

      Syntactic words
    • NPabnonreferentialthe human mindset;human atitudes;the hearts of men; the sensibilities of men
    心地  xīn dì OC: slɯm lils MC: sim di 4 Attributions
    • 望月佛教大辭典 Mochizuki Bukkyō Daijiten The Mochizuki Encyclopedic Dictionary of Buddhism ( MOCHIZUKI) p. 2078b

    • 佛教語大辭典 Bukkyōgo daijiten Encyclopedic Dictionary of Buddhist Terms ( NAKAMURA) p. 766a

    • A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms ( SOOTHILL) p. 150

    • 禪學大辭典 Zengaku Daijiten An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Zen Buddhism ( ZENGAKU) p. 619c

      Syntactic words
    • NPabBUDDH: mind-ground (MULLER: "Ground as a metaphor for the true mind that all sentient beings are originally endowed with. It is the agent and locus for the production of the myriad phenomena.[...]") (in the Chán Buddhist context 心地 is ocassionally used specifically for the kind of realization which was transmitted by Bodhidharma) ZTJ: 心地含諸種，遇澤悉皆萌。
    識  shí OC: qhljɯɡ MC: ɕɨk 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabbuddhistDELETE
    真心  zhēn xīn OC: tjin slɯm MC: tɕin sim 3 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychBUDDH: the true mind; the mind which has realized the truth
    • NPadNpsychBUDDH: pertaining to the true mind
    內  nèi OC: nuubs MC: nuo̝i 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychologicalthe inner world of the mind YIJING: 君子之內 "the man of character straightens out his mind"
    心識  xīn shí OC: slɯm qhljɯɡ MC: sim ɕɨk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabmind
    方寸  fāng cùn OC: paŋ tshuuns MC: pi̯ɐŋ tshuo̝n 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpsychBUDDH. square inch > heart > the mind (often including thoughts as well as emotions)
    我心  wǒ xīn OC: ŋaalʔ slɯm MC: ŋɑ sim 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychone's own mind
    靈臺  líng tái OC: reeŋ dɯɯ MC: leŋ dəi 2 Attributions
    • 懶瓚和尚《樂道歌》攷 Raisan oshō 'Raku dō ka' kō [A Study of the 'Ledao ge' of Preceptor Lanzan] 東洋文化研究所紀要 Tōyō bunka kenkyūjo kiyō ( TSUCHIYA/KOROMOGAWA/OGAWA 2001) p. 148

      also appearing in HANSHAN

      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychBUDDH: platform of the soul > the mind (probably referring to the naturally perfercted mind)
    有心  yǒu xīn OC: ɢʷɯʔ slɯm MC: ɦɨu sim 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibuddhistBUDDH: be endowed with a mind, have mental activities > be sentient (compare 有情)
    情  qíng OC: dzeŋ MC: dziɛŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nab.adVas a result of a basic attitude of mind
    • nadNmental activity which involves attachment to mere things[CA]
    氣  qì OC: khɯds MC: khɨi 2 Attributions

    Qì 氣 can be used to refer specifically to the life-sustaining vital biological energies contained in the body as opposed to the phsyical make-up through bones, flesh, sinews, etc, of the body itself.

      Syntactic words
    • nmvital energies as formative of character or as expressed on one's face
    神  shén OC: ɢljin MC: ʑin 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nab.post-Nliving spirits (of the individual N) [Note incidentally that n[post-N] and n(post-N) seem exceedingly rare!! 待考]
    個中  gè zhōng OC: kaals krluŋ MC: kɑ ʈuŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychthis within > the mind (this is a particular expression referring to one's mind)
    • NPadNpsychof the mind
    腹  fù OC: puɡ MC: puk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nab.adVin his guts> in one's mind 腹誹心謗
    臆  yì OC: qɯɡ MC: ʔɨk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nmind???
    腹心  fù xīn OC: puɡ slɯm MC: puk sim 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPwhat is on one's mind
    靈  líng OC: reeŋ MC: leŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nadNof the mind, mental (in the Zen Buddhist context líng seems to refer exclusively to the pure mind or to a mind with good qualities, as opposed to xīn (which also can refer to the deluded mind) and espically qíng (which nearly always refers to the impure mind))
    放心  fàng xīn OC: paŋs slɯm MC: pi̯ɐŋ sim 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychmind gone astray MENG
    心髓  xīn suǐ OC: slɯm sqlolʔ MC: sim siɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPpsychdepth of the heart DCD: 1.心的深處。
    妄心  wàng xīn OC: maŋs slɯm MC: mi̯ɐŋ sim 1 Attribution

      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychBUDDH: the deluded mind
    懷抱  huái bào MC: hweaj bawX OC: ɡruul buuʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabideal; aspirationDS
    中  zhōng OC: krluŋ MC: ʈuŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nab(post-N)psychthe mind of the contextually determinate person
    欲心  yù xīn OC: k-loɡ slɯm MC: ji̯ok sim 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychmind filled with desires
    其舍  qí shè MC: gi syaeH OC: ɡɯ lʰas 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabone's free inner spiritual spaceCH
    聖心  shèng xīn OC: qhljeŋs slɯm MC: ɕiɛŋ sim 1 Attribution
    • The Teachings of the Fourth Ch'an Patriarch Tao-hsin (580-651) Early Ch'an in China and Tibet ( CHAPPELL 1983) p. 119, 127

      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: holy mind, sagely mind > the awakened mind (Sengzhao (374-414) uses this term when discussing the nature of praj%nā (see T.45: 153-154); the term appears also occasionally in the writings of the early Chan/Zen School)
    寸心  cùn xīn OC: tshuuns slɯm MC: tshuo̝n sim 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychpoetic: mind; heart
    心神  xīn shén OC: slɯm ɢljin MC: sim ʑin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabmental faculties, mental energies
    肝腸  gān cháng OC: kaan ɡrlaŋ MC: kɑn ɖi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychheart/mind; seat of feelings
    攀緣心  pān yuán xīn OC: phraan k-lon slɯm MC: phɣan jiɛn sim 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: the mind which engages in thoughts of attachment (see 攀緣)
    自性清淨  zì xìng qīng jìng OC: sblids seŋs tsheŋ skhreeŋ MC: dzi siɛŋ tshiɛŋ dziɛŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    自性清淨心  zì xìng qīng jìng xīn xīn OC: sblids seŋs tsheŋ skhreeŋ slɯm MC: dzi siɛŋ tshiɛŋ dziɛŋ sim 0 Attributions
    • The Meaning of 'Mind-only' (weixin) Philosophy East and West ( LAI 1977A) p. 67-68

      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: the mind whose self-nature is pure > the innately pure mind; skr. visuddhi cittaprakrti (this concept of mind arose within the Mahāyāna school and was probably formulated around the 3rd century A.D., described in scriptures such as the Śrīmālā sūtra. At an early stage this mind was already associated with the concept of rúláizāng 如來藏 (skr. tathāgata-garbha; 'womb of the tathāgata'). According to this doctrine all beings have an embryonic Buddha inside themselves which eventually will cause them to gain enlightenment. this is for example described in the Bǎoxìng lùn 寶性論 (Ratnagotravibhāga)
    獼猴心  mí hóu xīn OC: mel ɡoo slɯm MC: miɛ ɦu sim 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: monkey-mind (the mind which is unconcentrated and constantly disturbed by sense impressions, desires, etc.)
    心中  xīn zhōng OC: slɯm krluŋ MC: sim ʈuŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVin one's mind
    肝心  gān xīn OC: kaan slɯm MC: kɑn sim 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychinnermost heart; mind