BREATHE    呼吸

DISPLACE AIR so as to FILL the LUNGS with AIR AND THEN CAUSE the LUNGS TO BECOME EMPTY of that AIR in order to SURVIVE.
RESPIREDRAW BREATHPUFFPANTBLOWGASPWHEEZEHUFF
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current standard words for breathing are xí 息 "breathe" and hū xī 呼吸 "breathe out and in", and the latter word refers also more generally to taking in things liquids through the mouth, ant. tǔ 吐 "spit out". 2. Chuī 吹 refers to the blowing out of breath either as part of heavy breathing or e.g. in the playing of music. See BLOW. 3. Chuǎn 喘 refers to heavy panting, including breathing in and out, especially on the occasion of exhaustion or ill health. See PANT. 4. Xī 吸 refers specifically to breathing in. 5. Pèn 噴 refers to the breathing out of air including the concurrent spitting out of liquids or indeed food in the mouth, proverbially rice. 6. Xū 噓 refers to breathing lightly, in and out, without making any noise, but the focus is often on the breathing out rather than in. 7. Kuì 喟 refers to the breathing out heavily and noisily, in the manner of an intense and demonstrative sigh. See SIGH. 8. Xǔ 煦 is to breathe (typically warm) air on something, but the word is much more common in the meaning "to shout". 9. Hū 呼 occasionally refers to the breathing out of air, also including certain light liquids, but the word standardly focusses on the considerable noise being produced on this occasion. See SHOUT. NB: that most words for breathing refer primarily to breathing through the mouth and not through the nose.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 HUMAN BODY 5. 呼吸。 息，通稱。 喘，因勞累、炎熱、疾病等造成的急促呼吸。 嘽，專指由疲勞引起的急促呼吸。 哮，宋以後出現病名，指有聲響的急促呼吸。
Modern Chinese Criteria
呼吸 is the current modern word for breathing. 透氣 is a rather clinical term for drawing breath. 微吹 refers to breathing very lightly. rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • BLOW　BREATHE so as to CAUSE the LUNGS TO BECOME EMPTY of AIR in order to PRODUCE a TENUOUS WIND. (anc: 13/0, child: 1)
  • COUGH　BREATHE so as to BLOW out AIR SUDDENLY AND QUICKLY, OFTEN BECAUSE of a DEFECT IN one's THROAT OR LUNGS. (anc: 13/0, child: 1)
  • SIGH　BREATHE out INTENSELY AND LOUDLY so as to SHOW one's SELF:own SADNESS. (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
  • YAWN　BREATHE out INTENSELY AND INVOLUNTARILY, OFTEN:typically BECAUSE one is TIRED. (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
  • PANT　BREATHE INTENSELY AND QUICKLY AFTER INTENSE MOVEMENT. (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
See also
  • SIGHBREATHE out INTENSELY AND LOUDLY so as to SHOW one's SELF:own SADNESS.
Hypernym
  • DISPLACE　CAUSE to MOVE. (anc: 11/0, child: 28)
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • CHANGE　EVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2. (anc: 9/0, child: 18)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 4.51

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 4.233

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 4.916

  • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

    • Words (26 items)

    息  xī OC: sqlɯɡ MC: sɨk 15 Attributions

    The current standard words for breathing are xí 息 "breathe" and hū xī 呼吸 "breathe out and in", and the latter word refers also more generally to taking in things liquids through the mouth, ant. tǔ 吐 "spit out".

      Syntactic words
    • nabactact of breathing, continued breathing; breathing practice
    • nabfigurativegale, storm
    • nmbreath
    • vadNbreathing (and thus living)
    • viactbreathe (in and out)
    氣  qì OC: khɯds MC: khɨi 9 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Object: 定/FIX The current general word for fixing something in any objective and interpersonal way, concrete or abstract is dìng 定.
    • Object: 治/CONTROL Zhì 治 refers to the orderly and principled long-term control of something.
    • Contrast: 心/MIND The general word for the mental sphere of man is xīn 心 "HEART> mind" (ant. xíng 形 "physical shape, body", tǐ 體 "limbs, body").
    • Synon: 息/BREATHE The current standard words for breathing are xí 息 "breathe" and hū xī 呼吸 "breathe out and in", and the latter word refers also more generally to taking in things liquids through the mouth, ant. tǔ 吐 "spit out".

      Syntactic words
    • nmbreath
    • nmexpressivebreath; breath and inner vital energies, breath and spirits; vital spirits of a person
    呼吸  hū xī OC: qhaa hŋrɯb MC: huo̝ hip 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactbreathing
    • VPiactbreathe in and out
    噓  xù OC: qhlas MC: hi̯ɤ
    噓  xū OC: qhla MC: hi̯ɤ 5 Attributions

    Xū 噓 refers to breathing lightly, in and out, without making any noise, but the focus is often on the breathing out rather than in.

      Syntactic words
    • vi.red:adNonomatopoeia(sound of) heavy breathing; breathing noisily
    • viactbreathe out slowly and noiselessly
    • vtoNbreathe on something
    吸  xī OC: hŋrɯb MC: hip 4 Attributions

    Xī 吸 refers specifically to breathing in.

      Word relations
    • Oppos: 呼/BREATHE Hū 呼 occasionally refers to the breathing out of air, also including certain light liquids, but the word standardly focusses on the considerable noise being produced on this occasion. See SHOUT.

      Syntactic words
    • viactbreathe in
    • vtoNbreathe in
    噓噏  xū xī MC: xip OC: qhla -- 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibreathe heavily in and outCH
    • VPtoNbreathe heavily in and outCH
    怒  nù OC: naas MC: nuo̝ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactpuff oneself up by breathing heavily
    • vt(oN)causativecause the contextually determinate object to breathe
    口氣  kǒu qì OC: khooʔ khɯds MC: khu khɨi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPbreath
    數息  shuò xī OC: sqrooɡ sqlɯɡ MC: ʂɣɔk sɨk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactbreathe through the nose as a concentration technique (Baopuzi)
    呴喣咻  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC:
    喣  xǔ OC: qhoʔ MC: hi̯o
    咻  xǔ OC: qhoʔ MC: hi̯o 1 Attribution

    Xǔ 煦 is to breathe (typically warm) air on something, but the word is much more common in the meaning "to shout".

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNblow warm air on
    喙息  huì xī OC: qhlods sqlɯɡ MC: hi̯ɐi sɨk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]creatures that can breathe
    吐  tǔ OC: kh-laaʔ MC: thuo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNactbreathe out
    吹  chuī OC: khjol MC: tɕhiɛ 1 Attribution

    Chuī 吹 refers to the blowing out of breath either as part of heavy breathing or e.g. in the playing of music. See BLOW.

      Syntactic words
    • viactblow
    呼  hū OC: qhaa MC: huo̝ 1 Attribution

    Hū 呼 occasionally refers to the breathing out of air, also including certain light liquids, but the word standardly focusses on the considerable noise being produced on this occasion. See SHOUT.

      Syntactic words
    • viactbreathe out
    喘  chuǎn MC: tsyhwenX OC: thjonʔ 1 Attribution

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 息/BREATHE The current standard words for breathing are xí 息 "breathe" and hū xī 呼吸 "breathe out and in", and the latter word refers also more generally to taking in things liquids through the mouth, ant. tǔ 吐 "spit out".

      Syntactic words
    • vibreathe inCH
    噴  pēn OC: phɯɯn MC: phuo̝n 1 Attribution

    Pēn 噴 refers to the breathing out of air including the concurrent spitting out of liquids or indeed food in the mouth, proverbially rice.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactsnorting (of a horse)
    • viactblow out
    • vtoNblow out
    歔  xū OC: qhla MC: hi̯ɤ 1 Attribution

      Word relations
    • Oppos: 吹/BREATHE Chuī 吹 refers to the blowing out of breath either as part of heavy breathing or e.g. in the playing of music. See BLOW.

      Syntactic words
    • viactexhale; sigh; blow through the nose; sob; breathe out gently
    氣息  qì xī OC: khɯds sqlɯɡ MC: khɨi sɨk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactbreathing
    端  duān MC: twan OC: toon 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi= 喘; pant, breathe heavily; (XUN allegedly: breathe slightly)LZ
    納  nà OC: nuub MC: nəp 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbreathe in
    安般  ān bān OC: qaan paan MC: ʔɑn pʷɑn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabmethodBUDDH: breathing technique involving quiet breathing
    風  fēng OC: plum MC: puŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vienjoy the air
    吮  shǔn OC: ɢljunʔ MC: ʑʷin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNsuck in (breath or liquids)[WRONG SYN GROUP][CA]
    呵  hè OC: qhlaals MC: hɑ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactbreathe out as a show of anger
    喟  kuì OC: khruds MC: khi 0 Attributions

    Kuì 喟 refers to the breathing out heavily and noisily, in the manner of an intense and demonstrative sigh. See SIGH.

      Syntactic words
    歕  pēn OC: phɯɯn MC: phuo̝n 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbreathe on???