THINK  考慮思

ACT USING ONLY the MIND.
THOUGHTBELIEVEBE OF THE OPINIONBE OF THE VIEWBE UNDER THE IMPRESSIONEXPECTIMAGINEANTICIPATESURMISESUPPOSECONJECTUREGUESSFANCYCONCLUDEDETERMINEREASONINFORMAL RECKONFIGUREFORMAL OPINE.DEEMJUDGEHOLDRECKONCONSIDERPRESUMEESTIMATEREGARD (AS)VIEW (AS
Hypernym
  • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision.
    • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION.
      • CHANGEEVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2.
        • EVENTREALITY that ARISES in TIME....
See also
  • INTUITIONMENTAL PICTURE CAUSED QUICKLY BY PERCEPTION OR THOUGHT.
    Hyponym
    • ASSESS　THINK so as to TRY to OR ACHIEVE to FIX the VALUE OR SIZE of something.
      • CALCULATE　ASSESS PRECISELY a QUANTITY USING NUMBERS....
      • ESTIMATE　TRY to ASSESS, BELIEVING that one's ASSESSMENTS are PROBABLY ONLY NEARLY:approximately TRUE.
      • MEASURE　ASSESS CORRECTLY:exactly the SIZE OR QUANTITY of something.
    • CONCENTRATE　THINK of ONLY ONE THING.
      • ATTENTION　CONCENTRATE on a PERCEPTION OR PRESENT THOUGHT OR PRESENT OBJECT. 
      • MEDITATE　CONCENTRATE as a METHOD FOR CULTIVATING ONESELF.
    • YEARN　THINK of SOMETHING ABSENT so as to DESIRE it INTENSELY, LACKING HOPE TO OBTAIN IT.
      • NOSTALGIA　YEARN for SITUATIONS IN the PAST as GOOD:better IN-RELATION-TO NOW:the-present.
    • IDEA　WHAT one THINKS.
      • MEAN　IDEA insofar as SHOWN:expressed OR INTENDED....
      • CONCEPT　ABSTRACT DEFINED IDEA of OBJECTS of THOUGHT....
      • TOPIC　IDEA OR CONCEPT SPOKEN ABOUT.
    • ENGAGEMENT　THINK DILIGENTLY ABOUT THINGS DESIRING INTENSELY TO IMPROVE THEM. [read like French engagement]
      • REFLECT　THINK about what one is THINKING.
        • IMAGINATION　THINK so as to HAVE OR PRODUCE a PICTURE in one's MIND of an ABSENT OBJECT OR SITUATION.
        • INSPIRATION　COINCIDENTAL GOOD SUDDEN THOUGHT.
          • CONCLUDE　THINK BASING ONESELF ON PROOF>EVIDENCE.
            • PLAN　THINK ABOUT A COMPLEX ENDURING INTEND:intention
              • PLOT　SECRET NOT LEGITIMATE PLAN.
              • POLICY　ENDURING POLITICAL SYSTEMATIC PLANS.
            • CLASSIFY　SAY OR THINK that something to be of a certain CATEGORY.
              • DISTINGUISH　SPEAK OR THINK so as to UNDERSTAND OR to CAUSE OTHERS to UNDERSTAND that DIFFERENT THINGS are DIFFERENT.
                Old Chinese Criteria
                1. The most current general word for thought or reflection of any kind is perhaps sī 思 (ant. hū 忽 "fail to pay detailed attention to"), but this word tends to refer specifically to reflection.

                2. Huái 懷 (ant. wàng 忘 "forget all about") refers to emotionally loaded thinking about a absent person or an important subject.

                3. Móu 謀 refers to any act of planning by a private or public personality.

                4. Tú 圖 refer to deliberative strategic thinking about the future by a person in authority to decide on a future course of action.

                5. Xiǎng 想 is occasionally used to refer to fond thinking about absent persons, and in later times the word comes to refer to unrealistic imaginings in thought, and wàng xiǎng 妄想 "wild imaginings" is a symptomatic current phrase..

                6. Niàn 念 refers to intense intellectual effort and strenuous attention, and zhèng niàn 正念 refers to correct intellectual efforts in Buddhist Chinese.

                7. Zhēn zhuó 斟酌 refers to careful deliberation on the truth of a proposition or the moral quality of something.

                8. Jì 計 refers to subjecting something to rational often quantified consideration and judgment.

                9. Gù 顧 is inchoative and refers to the turning of one's attention to something one has not focussed on before.

                10. Lu �慮 refers to thoughtful long-term strategic (often personal) planning.

                Modern Chinese Criteria
                思考

                思量

                忖量

                思忖

                思慮

                思索

                思維

                思想

                考慮

                盤算

                琢磨 "think over"

                合計

                尋味

                揣摩

                琢磨

                筆路 "train of thought"

                只道 (lit)

                慮

                想

                思

                構思

                沉思

                尋思

                動腦筋

                絞腦汁

                用心思

                轉念頭

                思想

                思

                思維

                心理

                心思

                rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

                • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 17.14

                • Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles ( CASSIN 2004) p. 936

                  PHRONESIS

                • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 493

                  CONSIDERARE omnia qvae ad cognitionem alicujus rei faciunt ordine speculari. Nempe

                  1. Quid res sit, et ad qvid, et qvare ista re opus fuerit.

                  2. Per quid sid seu prtes ejus cum omnibus requisitis.

                  3. Quomodo sit hoc est partium et totius omnes status motus, accidentia, ut omnia bene sint.

                • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

                  THINK

                  cogitare refers to any mental activity as such.

                  meditari refers to the focussed act of thinking as directed towards certain aims or motivated by certain well-defined intentions, and the word connotes earnestness of sustained effort

                  commentari refers to a leisurely contemplative act of thinking as directed towards certain aims or motivated by certain well-defined intentions.

                  REFLECT

                  considerare refers to the purely intellectual act of analytical reflection with the aim of critical understanding.

                  contemplatio refers to an emotional and intellectual intense reflection in which one is absorbed in one's subject and surrenders oneself to the emotions or intellectual perspectives it arouses.

                  PONDER Dum 1877

                  pensare refers to pondering something and weigh it carefully.

                  pensitare is to ponderoften and scrupulously.

                • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 134

                • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

                  COGITATIO

                • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 110

                • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 125

                • Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache ( MAUTHNER WP 1924) p. I.273

                • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p.

                • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 3.1539

                • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 2.60

                • Key Concepts in Chinese Philosophy ( ZHANG DAINIAN 2002) p. 432

                • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 250

                • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 267

                  考慮

                  斟酌

                • The Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( BORCHERT 2005) p.

                  THINKING

                • Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Second Edition ( BROWN 2005) p.

                • Quiddities. An Intermittently Philosophical Dictionary ( QUINE 1987) p. 18

                  BELIEVE

                • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.116:79

                  PENSEE.OPERATION DE L'ESPRIT.PERCEPTION.SENSATION.CONSCIENCE.IDEE.NOTION; CONSIDERATIONS.OBSERVATIONS.REFLEXIONS.PENSEES

                • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.88.63

                  PENSEE.SONGER.REVER; IDEE.PENSEE.IMAGINATION

                • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.131

                • 觀念的對比分析 ( YANG MINGTIAN 2009) p. 207

                  MYSL'

                Words

                念  niàn OC: mɢlɯɯms MC: nem 75 AttributionsWD

                Niàn 念 refers to intense intellectual effort and strenuous attention, and zhèng niàn 正念 refers to correct intellectual efforts in Buddhist Chinese..

                  Syntactic words
                • n.red:adVfigurativethough after thought > moment by moment
                • nab-VtoSthought specified by the S after the Vt (usually 曰 or 言）
                • nabbuddhistthought (can be counted and specified! 是念, 一念, etc.), thinking, thought process In BUDDH. texts occasionally used negatively since it refers to the discursive and discriminating mental activities of the mind
                • ncadNof (an instance of) thought (of (a single) a moment)
                • vadVdeliberately, with deliberate thought.
                • viactengage in reflection
                • vt(oN)think of the contextually determinate thing
                • vt(oN)imperativethink of the contextually determinate N!
                • vt+.Vt[0]oSthink the thought specified in the Vt+S 念言
                • vtoNthink intensely of, ponder; refuse to put in the back of one's mind; be considerate in relation to
                • vtoN.+Vreflexive.自think to oneself 自念言
                • vtoNimperativethink of N!
                • vtoNintensitiveintensitive: think of
                • vtoNPab{S}think intensely of S
                • vtoSthink that S; reflect on the fact that; meditate on the fact that
                思  sī OC: snɯ MC: sɨ 75 AttributionsWD

                The most current general word for thought or reflection of any kind is perhaps sī 思 (ant. hū 忽 "fail to pay detailed attention to"), but this word tends to refer specifically to reflection.

                  Word relations
                • Ant: 學/STUDY The dominant word is xué 學 (ant. jiào 教 "train teach")which refers primarily to studying or training under another person, and secondarily to the learning by heart texts. Very often, the word retains a tinge of immitation.
                • Object: 天意/PLAN
                • Contrast: 學/STUDY The dominant word is xué 學 (ant. jiào 教 "train teach")which refers primarily to studying or training under another person, and secondarily to the learning by heart texts. Very often, the word retains a tinge of immitation.
                • Assoc: 慮/PLAN Lǜ 慮 refers to a careful personal planning effort based on serious reflection.
                • Relat: 行/ACT The current general word for any deliberate action one may be held morally and/or administratively responsible for is xíng 行 (ant. zhǐ 止 "decide not to take action"). The nominal entries have the old reading xìng. [COMMENDATORY!], [GENERAL], [HABITUAL], [RESPONSIBLE]

                  Syntactic words
                • nab.adVin one's reflection, in one's imagination
                • nab[.post-N]one's thoughtsCH
                • nabactthought; ability to think
                • nabobjectmajor concerns, main considerations
                • nabpsychreflexive: concerned reflection, aesthetic meditationCH
                • viactengage in reflection
                • viimperativethink!
                • vt(oN)think of the contextually determinate N
                • vt+V[0]have as one's main concern; have as a natural concern
                • vt[oN]think with affection of thingsCH
                • vtoNbe preoccupied by; linger in thought on; reflect on, be mindful of, think about
                • vtoN.adVmindful of N to VCH
                • vtoNcausativecause one to think of> commemorate
                • vtoNPab{S}reflect on (with nominalised sentential object)
                • vtoNpositivethink fondly ofCH
                • vtoSreflect on the fact that S
                意  yì OC: qɯɡs MC: ʔɨ 38 AttributionsWD

                  Word relations
                • Ant: 身/BODY Shēn 身 (which also means "person") specifically refers to the main trunk of the body excluding head, arms and legs.
                • Contrast: 情/FEELING Qíng 情 refers specifically to one's real inner state, and one's basic essential feelings, one's essential emotional repertoire, and we have no more "love is a 情" in classical Chinese than "love is a 心".
                • Assoc: 心/MIND The general word for the mental sphere of man is xīn 心 "HEART> mind" (ant. xíng 形 "physical shape, body", tǐ 體 "limbs, body").
                • Assoc: 想/THINK Xiǎng 想 is occasionally used to refer to fond thinking about absent persons, and in later times the word comes to refer to unrealistic imaginings in thought, and wàng xiǎng 妄想 "wild imaginings" is a symptomatic current phrase.
                • Synon: 想/THINK Xiǎng 想 is occasionally used to refer to fond thinking about absent persons, and in later times the word comes to refer to unrealistic imaginings in thought, and wàng xiǎng 妄想 "wild imaginings" is a symptomatic current phrase.
                • Oppos: 身/EGO

                  Syntactic words
                • nab(post-N)the thinking of the contextually determinate NCH
                • nab(post-N)actthe train of thought of the contextually determinate N
                • nab.adVin his thoughts
                • nab[.post-N]psychologicalone's way of thinkingCH
                • nabactthinking process, thinking activity; conscious intellectual activity
                • nabpsychmindset, way of thinking
                • nabsemanticintended textual meaning; thought
                • nadNthought-related; intellectual
                • viactengage in conscious thought about things ????
                • vt[oN]form creative thoughts about thingdCH
                • vtoSbe of the considered opinion that S; would maintain that SCH
                思惟  sī wéi OC: snɯ k-lul MC: sɨ ji 29 AttributionsWD
                • 佛經詞語的構造與漢語詞匯的發展 Fójīng cíyǔ de gòuzào yǔ hànyǔ cíhuì de fāzhǎn The Formation/Stucture of Buddhist Terms and the Development of the Chinese Vocabulary ( LIANG XIAOHONG 1994) p. 72

                  Syntactic words
                • NPabactthought, deliberation
                • VPiactengage in thought
                • VPt(oN)think about a contextually determinate matter N
                • VPt(oN)imperativethink about this contextually determinate N!
                • VPt+V[0]think that one V-s, think that one has V-ed
                • VPt[oN]BUDDH: meditate properly on things; to engage in meditation, to concentrate on certain thoughts in meditation; more generally: think deeply, be submerged into deep thoughts NIRVANA(D), T.1/7: 191b10 入定思惟 to enter concentration and engage in mediative thought
                • VPtoNBUDDH: think; think of (this word is extremely frequent in Buddhist texts, in Taisho more the 7,000 occurrences!)sometimes used in the BUDDH. context more technically: to think and judge on concrete sense data one has perceived; to concentrate on certain thoughts in meditation T.3/186: 503a7 一心專精思惟正義 to reflect about the right meaning with great concentration
                • VPtoSquotationthink that, have the thought that; BUDDH: to engage in meditation that; deeply reflect upon that (T.4/193: 56b01 思惟世起滅 to engage in meditation that the world arises and vanishes)
                曰  yuē OC: ɢʷad MC: ɦi̯ɐt 23 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoS(inner monologue:) say to oneself that S; think that S 謀曰
                慮  lǜ OC: b-ras MC: li̯ɤ 19 AttributionsWD

                Lǜ 慮 refers to thoughtful long-term strategic (often personal) planning.

                  Word relations
                • Result: 智 / 知/WISE The current general word for wisdom is zhì 智 (ant. yú 愚 "devoid of wisdom") and this may refer to any superior intellectual ability beyond the realm of memorisation or mundane knowledge, the quality which enables one to móu 謀 give good advice..
                • Result: 知/UNDERSTAND The standard current and word for understanding something and knowing how to do something is zhī 知 (ant. mèi 昧 "not have the foggiest idea")
                • Assoc: 計/THINK Jì 計 refers to subjecting something to rational often quantified consideration and judgment.

                  Syntactic words
                • nabpsychthoughts and literary purposesCH
                • nabpsychthoughts, ideasLZ
                • viactengage in reflection
                • vt(oN)think about contextually determinate thingsLZ
                • vt+V[0]ponder how to VLZ
                • vtoNto properly reflect onLZ
                懷  huái OC: ɡruul MC: ɦɣɛi 15 AttributionsWD

                Huái 懷 (ant. wàng 忘 "forget all about") refers to emotionally loaded thinking about a absent person or an important subject.

                  Syntactic words
                • nabpsych(occasionally in derived meaning) innermost plans, secret plans someone is harbouring in his heart; inner thoughts
                • vtoNshow deep concern for; hold in one's heart, hold in one's mind; think fondly of, cherish in thought and action; take to heart
                想  xiǎng OC: sqaŋʔ MC: si̯ɐŋ 10 AttributionsWD

                Xiǎng 想 is occasionally used to refer to fond thinking about absent persons, and in later times the word comes to refer to unrealistic imaginings in thought, and wàng xiǎng 妄想 "wild imaginings" is a symptomatic current phrase.

                  Syntactic words
                • nabpsychthought; unwarranted imagining
                • vtoNimagine in one's mind
                • vtoSthink that
                心  xīn OC: slɯm MC: sim 8 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • nabpsychattitudes, idea, thoughts
                自念  zì niàn OC: sblids mɢlɯɯms MC: dzi nem 8 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPt+.VtoSthink to oneself 自念言
                • vtoSthink to oneself that S
                圖  tú OC: daa MC: duo̝ 7 AttributionsWD

                Tú 圖refer to deliberative strategic thinking about the future by a person in authority to decide on a future course of action.

                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNpicture for oneself, imagine (an object or a state of affairs); think carefully about; take into consideration
                • vtoNpassivebe imagined, be reckoned
                計  jì OC: kiis MC: kei 7 AttributionsWD

                Jì 計 refers to subjecting something to rational often quantified consideration and judgment.

                  Word relations
                • Assoc: 慮/THINK Lǜ 慮 refers to thoughtful long-term strategic (often personal) planning.

                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNconsider carefully, think about, take into proper consideration in one's calculations
                • vtt(oN1.)+N2think of the contextually determinate N1 as N2.
                惟  wéi OC: k-lul MC: ji 6 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNthink of; be mindful of; pay attention to
                • vtoNPab{S}think of S being the case
                念言  niàn yán OC: mɢlɯɯms ŋan MC: nem ŋi̯ɐn 6 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoSthink that S
                知慮  zhī lǜ OC: te b-ras MC: ʈiɛ li̯ɤ 6 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • nabintellectual abilitiesCH
                • NPabpsychthought; thinking; intellectual processes
                自念言  zì niàn yán OC: sblids mɢlɯɯms ŋan MC: dzi nem ŋi̯ɐn 6 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoSquotationBUDDH: think to oneself
                在  zài OC: sɡɯɯʔ MC: dzəi 5 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNpsychbe concerned with, think about, concern oneself with (SHU)
                於  yú OC: qa MC: ʔi̯ɤ 5 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNfocus on 不於 "does not concentrate on; does not focus on, does not think of as relevant"
                為  wéi OC: ɢʷal MC: ɦiɛ 5 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoSimagine, think that S
                • vtpost.yǐ N{OBJECT}have thoughts about, be concerned withCH
                • vtt(oN1.)+N2consider the contextually determinate object N1 as an N2, think of N1 as an N2
                • vttoN1.post:prep N2consider N2 as N1DS
                思念  sī niàn OC: snɯ mɢlɯɯms MC: sɨ nem 5 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoNintensitivethink all the time about, think intensely about, reflect on
                • VPtoSthink that S; reflect that S
                挾  xié OC: ɡeeb MC: ɦep 4 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNhave in mind, think of; harbour (motives); keep in mind and to oneself; concentrate on
                心念  xīn niàn OC: slɯm mɢlɯɯms MC: sim nem 4 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPt+.VtoSthink in one's mind 心念曰
                • VPtoSthink
                理  lǐ OC: ɡ-rɯʔ MC: lɨ 3 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • nabpsychprincipled thoughtCH
                • vtoNtake into serious consideration, be mainly concerned
                酌  zhuó OC: pljewɡ MC: tɕi̯ɐk 3 AttributionsWD

                  Syntactic words
                • vt+prep+Nthink for the benefit of (the people)
                • vtoNconsider carefully
                妄念  wàng niàn OC: maŋs mɢlɯɯms MC: mi̯ɐŋ nem 3 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabactdeluded thinking; deluded thoughtsBUDDH. in the Buddhist context regarded as the main obstacle to enlightenment (i.e. things are not understood as they really are and a false image of the world is created in the mind); this is very important term in Zen texts, especially those dating from the late 7th and 8th centuries)
                妄想  wàng xiǎng OC: maŋs sqaŋʔ MC: mi̯ɐŋ si̯ɐŋ 3 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: wild imaginings; uncontrolled thoughts; deluded thinking
                • VPadVBUDDH: engaged in deluded thinking, lost in wild imaginings, with uncontrolled thoughts
                • VPibuddhistBUDDH: engage in deluded thinking, be lost in wild imaginings, be distracted in one's thoughts (the term appears very frequently in the writings of the early Chan School)
                心意  xīn yì OC: slɯm qɯɡs MC: sim ʔɨ 3 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabpsychsubjective thoughts
                志念  zhì niàn OC: kljɯs mɢlɯɯms MC: tɕɨ nem 3 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabactway of thinking
                思慮  sī lǜ OC: snɯ b-ras MC: sɨ li̯ɤ 3 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabactthinking and planning
                • VPiactengage in all sorts of reflection
                思量  sī liáng OC: snɯ ɡ-raŋ MC: sɨ li̯ɐŋ 3 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabactdeliberation
                • VPt(oN)omdeliberate; think about, ponder about, figure something out (with contextually determinate N)
                • VPt+V[0]think (and say to oneself...)
                • VPtoNdeliberate, think about; consider as concrete possibilities
                惟念  wéi niàn OC: k-lul mɢlɯɯms MC: ji nem 3 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoNthink about; concentrate on; think only about; be mainly concerned with
                斟酌  zhēn zhuó OC: kljum pljewɡ MC: tɕim tɕi̯ɐk 3 AttributionsWD

                Zhēn zhuó 斟酌 refers to careful deliberation on the truth of a proposition or the moral quality of something.

                  Syntactic words
                • VPadVthoughtfully, judiciously
                • VPiconsider carefully; pass judgements
                • VPtoNconsider carefully the truth or moral acceptability of something
                自思念  zì sī niàn OC: sblids snɯ mɢlɯɯms MC: dzi sɨ nem 3 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoSquotationthink to oneself
                言  yán OC: ŋan MC: ŋi̯ɐn 2 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoSquotationsay to oneself that S
                訾  zī OC: tse MC: tsiɛ 2 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vt(oN)give the contextually determinate N so much as a thought
                • vtoNthink about; be wary about？？？
                思索  sī suǒ OC: snɯ saaɡ MC: sɨ sɑk 2 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabactproper reflection
                • VPiactreflect
                想念  xiǎng niàn OC: sqaŋʔ mɢlɯɯms MC: si̯ɐŋ nem 2 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabpsych(idle??) thoughts
                • VPiactengage in (idle??) thought
                • VPt(oN)think about a contextually determinate N
                攀緣  pān yuán OC: phraan k-lon MC: phɣan jiɛn 2 AttributionsWD
                • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 6665c-6666a

                • 佛教語大辭典 Bukkyōgo daijiten Encyclopedic Dictionary of Buddhist Terms ( NAKAMURA) p. 1116d

                  Syntactic words
                • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: mentally depending on and grasping after external objects > mental attachment; the arising of consciousness through the contact with external (sense) objects; the mental function of cognizing objects (sometimes defined as the root of delusion; through the attachment to external objects, the world is divided into sets of oppositions (good vs. bad etc.); through this discriminative thinking emotions such as love and hate are generated; see e.g. VIMALAKIRTI); skr ālambana 攀緣心
                • NPadNbuddhistBUDDH: depending on and grasping after external objects > involved in (attaching) thinking activities
                沈吟  chén yín OC: ɡrlum ŋɡrɯm MC: ɖim ŋim 2 AttributionsWD
                • 唐五代語言詞典 Táng Wǔdài yǔyán cídiǎn A Dictionary of the Language of the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods ( JIANG/CAO 1997) p. 56

                  思量，斟酌(examples in Tang poetry)

                  Syntactic words
                • VPiactbe submerged in deep thought, turn something over in one's mind, make considerations
                作此念  zuò cǐ niàn OC: tsaaɡ tsheʔ mɢlɯɯms MC: tsɑk tshiɛ nem 2 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoSthink as follows:
                自思惟  zì sī wéi OC: sblids snɯ k-lul MC: dzi sɨ ji 2 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoSquotationthink to oneself
                顧  gù 2 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNthink of NLZ
                以  yǐ OC: k-lɯʔ MC: jɨ 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • DELETEthink of, take notice of, be specially concerned for
                斟  zhēn OC: kljum MC: tɕim 1 AttributionWD

                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNreflect carefully
                聽  tīng OC: theeŋ MC: theŋ 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNpay attention to
                加心  jiā xīn OC: kraal slɯm MC: kɣɛ sim 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPt+prep+Nthink about N
                心行  xīn xíng OC: slɯm ɢraaŋ MC: sim ɦɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
                • Sengchou (480-560) ( ANDERL 1995) p. 89, fn.403

                • Studies in the Language of Zǔtáng jí 祖堂集 ( ANDERL 2004B) p. 612, fn.1790

                • Studies in the Language of Zu-tang Ji 祖堂集 ( ANDERL 2004C) p. 612, fn.1790

                • 大方廣佛華嚴經 Dà fāngguǎng Fó huāyán jīng Avataṃsaka sūtra Taishō ( AVATAMSAKA(A)) p. 395b

                • 佛教語大辭典 Bukkyōgo daijiten Encyclopedic Dictionary of Buddhist Terms ( NAKAMURA) p. 764

                • 維摩詰所說經 Wéimójié suǒ shuō jīng Vimalakīrti-nirdessa Taishō ( VIMALAKIRTI(B)) p. 544c

                • 中論 Zhōnglùn Madhyamaka śāstra Taishō ( ZHONGLUN) p. 24a

                  Syntactic words
                • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: mental activity, sphere/activity of the mind, the mind's functional realm (VIMALAKIRTI, AVATAMSAKA); SANSKRIT caryā, caitasika, citta-gocara ( 中論, Kumārajīva's translation) most prominent in the phrase 言語道斷，心行處滅 'the way of words is cut off and all mental activity vanishes' (ZHONGLUN, T.30/1564: 25a)
                念念  niàn niàn OC: mɢlɯɯms mɢlɯɯms MC: nem nem 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabpsychall thoughts
                念慮  niàn lǜ OC: mɢlɯɯms b-ras MC: nem li̯ɤ 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPt[oN]reflect on and think about things
                思心  sī xīn OC: snɯ slɯm MC: sɨ sim 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabactway of thinking; thinking practise; meditative attitude; intellectual attitude
                正念  zhèng niàn OC: tjeŋs mɢlɯɯms MC: tɕiɛŋ nem 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabpsychBUDDH: orthodox/correct Buddhist way of thinking
                • VPiactengage in correct thinking
                生念  shēng niàn OC: sraaŋ mɢlɯɯms MC: ʂɣaŋ nem 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoSquotationproduce the thought S: think that S
                籌量  chóu liáng OC: du ɡ-raŋ MC: ɖɨu li̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoNthink about; mull over
                肺腸  fèi cháng OC: phobs ɡrlaŋ MC: phi̯ɐi ɖi̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabpsychlungs and bowels> thoughts
                自惟  zì wéi OC: sblids k-lul MC: dzi ji 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoSthink to oneself that S
                觀心  guān xīn OC: koon slɯm MC: kʷɑn sim 1 AttributionWD
                • Studies in the Language of Zu-tang Ji 祖堂集 ( ANDERL 2004C) p. 635, fn. 1916

                  Gua1nxi1n 觀心 or ka4nxi1n 看心 啍o contemplate the mind� is a meditation method which was popular in the end of the 7th and the beginning of the 8th century in Cha2n circles. A description of this method appears in the Ru4da4o a1nxi1n ya4o fa1ngbia4n fa3me2n 入道安心要方便法門 which is included in the Le2ngqie2 shi1zi1 ji4 楞伽師資記 by Ji4ngjue2 淨覺 (683-?), one of the earliest transmission texts of the Cha2n school which was discovered among the Du1nhua2ng Cha2n manuscripts. The Ru4da4o a1nxi1n ya4o fa1ngbia4n fa3me2n is regarded as a product of Da4oxi4n who retrospectively became the 陟ourth Patriarch� of the Cha2n school. In this text ka4nxi1n is described as �...to view the mind which is neither within nor without and which is none other than Buddha.� (CHAPPELL 1983: 99). The term ka4nxi1n is also closely connected to the term yi1xi2ng sa1nme4i 一行三昧 (TERM) 唼amaadhi of One Practice� (see FAURE 1986(a); on the term see also KOBAYASHI 1961). At the time of the composition of ZTJ the proponents of the early Cha2n movement in the late 7th and early 8th century were already stereotypically classified as members of the 偡orthern School� who advocated the teaching of 偑radual enlightenment�. However, the method of gua1nxi1n/ka4nxi1n was used by the monk Mo2he2ya2n (who had close associations to the Northern School) to defend the concept of 唼udden enlightenment� at the famous Council of Lhasa where Chinese and Indian monks debated about the nature of enlightenment. In the ZHENGLIJUE Mo2he2ya2n defined ka4n-xi1n as 勓on-reflection and non-eximination� (bu4 si1 bu4 gua1n 不思不觀): 浟...] To turn the light of the mind towards the mind掇 source - that is contemplating the mind. This means that one does not reflect or examine whether conceptual signs are in movement or not. It also means to reflect on non-reflection. This is why the [Vimalakiirti-nirdesSa] suutra emplains: 勓on-examination is enlightenment.梌 (ZHENGLIJUE, Pelliot 4546, folio 135a; Pelliot 116, folio 161; cit. in Gomez 1987: 103-104; see also DEMIEVILLE 1952: 78ff; RUEGG 1989: 203-204; on Mo2he2ya2n see GOMEZ 1987: 153, fn. 119 and 154, fn. 124). The term also appears in other texts of the early Cha2n school (see for example Da4-she4ng xi1n-xi2ng lu4n 大乘心行論, PELLIOT 3559, folio 28, line 14 (see ANDERL 1995: 84 and 90, fn. 412). At the time of the composition of ZTJ many of the literary works of the Early Cha2n school probably were already lost or suppressed.

                  Syntactic words
                • VPiactBUDDH: contemplate the mind (meditation method of the early Chán School, popular at the end of the 7th and the beginning of the 8th century; this method is frequently crititicised in later Chán texts)
                計定  jì dìng OC: kiis deeŋs MC: kei deŋ 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoNresultativethink through so as to come to a definite conclusion
                迴心  huí xīn OC: ɢuul slɯm MC: ɦuo̝i sim 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPt+prep+Nreturn one's mind towards > direct one's attention towards, focus on
                作是念  zuò shì niàn OC: tsaaɡ ɡljeʔ mɢlɯɯms MC: tsɑk dʑiɛ nem 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoSthink as follows:
                心自念言  xīn zì niàn yán OC: slɯm sblids mɢlɯɯms ŋan MC: sim dzi nem ŋi̯ɐn 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoSquotationthink to oneself
                心自思惟  xīn zì sī wéi OC: slɯm sblids snɯ k-lul MC: sim dzi sɨ ji 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoSquotationthink to oneself:
                計曰  jì yuē OC: kiis ɢʷad MC: kei ɦi̯ɐt 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoNconsider (in one's mind) that, reckon that
                論  lùn 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNbe concerned with, think critically aboutCH
                情  qíng 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • nabpsychreal thinking, real motivationCH
                謂之  wèi zhī MC: hjw+jH tsyi OC: ɢuds kljɯCH 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoV(0)believe/imagine (rightly or wrongly, often wrongly) that x V-sCH
                觀  guān MC: kwan OC: koonCH 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vt+prep+Nderivedcontemplate, consider intellectually and/or physically, look at and reflect on (compare Greek theorein and theoria)CH
                顧念  gù niàn MC: kuH nemH OC: klaas mɢlɯɯmsDS 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoNthink intensely of N; pay great attention to NDS
                志  zhì OC: kljɯs MC: tɕɨ 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoNremember (typically a fact, never a person, a face etc.)
                謀  móu OC: mɯ MC: mɨu 0 AttributionsWD

                Móu 謀 refers to any act of planning by a private or public personality.

                  Syntactic words
                • viactkeep counsel, consider alternative plans
                思想  sī xiǎng OC: snɯ sqaŋʔ MC: sɨ si̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabpsychthought
                思維  sī wéi OC: snɯ k-lul MC: sɨ ji 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vtoSthink as follows
                意念  yì niàn OC: qɯɡs mɢlɯɯms MC: ʔɨ nem 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabactthought; thinking
                看心  kàn xīn OC: khaans slɯm MC: khɑn sim 0 AttributionsWD
                • Studies in the Language of Zu-tang Ji 祖堂集 ( ANDERL 2004C) p. 635, fn. 1916

                  Gua1nxi1n 觀心 or ka4nxi1n 看心 啍o contemplate the mind� is a meditation method which was popular in the end of the 7th and the beginning of the 8th century in Cha2n circles. A description of this method appears in the Ru4da4o a1nxi1n ya4o fa1ngbia4n fa3me2n 入道安心要方便法門 which is included in the Le2ngqie2 shi1zi1 ji4 楞伽師資記 by Ji4ngjue2 淨覺 (683-?), one of the earliest transmission texts of the Cha2n school which was discovered among the Du1nhua2ng Cha2n manuscripts. The Ru4da4o a1nxi1n ya4o fa1ngbia4n fa3me2n is regarded as a product of Da4oxi4n who retrospectively became the 陟ourth Patriarch� of the Cha2n school. In this text ka4nxi1n is described as �...to view the mind which is neither within nor without and which is none other than Buddha.� (CHAPPELL 1983: 99). The term ka4nxi1n is also closely connected to the term yi1xi2ng sa1nme4i 一行三昧 (TERM) 唼amaadhi of One Practice� (see FAURE 1986(a); on the term see also KOBAYASHI 1961). At the time of the composition of ZTJ the proponents of the early Cha2n movement in the late 7th and early 8th century were already stereotypically classified as members of the 偡orthern School� who advocated the teaching of 偑radual enlightenment�. However, the method of gua1nxi1n/ka4nxi1n was used by the monk Mo2he2ya2n (who had close associations to the Northern School) to defend the concept of 唼udden enlightenment� at the famous Council of Lhasa where Chinese and Indian monks debated about the nature of enlightenment. In the ZHENGLIJUE Mo2he2ya2n defined ka4n-xi1n as 勓on-reflection and non-eximination� (bu4 si1 bu4 gua1n 不思不觀): 浟...] To turn the light of the mind towards the mind掇 source - that is contemplating the mind. This means that one does not reflect or examine whether conceptual signs are in movement or not. It also means to reflect on non-reflection. This is why the [Vimalakiirti-nirdesSa] suutra emplains: 勓on-examination is enlightenment.梌 (ZHENGLIJUE, Pelliot 4546, folio 135a; Pelliot 116, folio 161; cit. in Gomez 1987: 103-104; see also DEMIEVILLE 1952: 78ff; RUEGG 1989: 203-204; on Mo2he2ya2n see GOMEZ 1987: 153, fn. 119 and 154, fn. 124). The term also appears in other texts of the early Cha2n school (see for example Da4-she4ng xi1n-xi2ng lu4n 大乘心行論, PELLIOT 3559, folio 28, line 14 (see ANDERL 1995: 84 and 90, fn. 412). At the time of the composition of ZTJ many of the literary works of the Early Cha2n school probably were already lost or suppressed.

                  Syntactic words
                • VPibuddhistBUDDH: view the mind (meditation method of the early Chán School, popular at the end of the 7th and the beginning of the 8th century; this method is frequently crititicised in later Chán texts; see guānxīn 觀心)
                默自念言  mò zì niàn yán OC: mɯɯɡ sblids mɢlɯɯms ŋan MC: mək dzi nem ŋi̯ɐn 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPtoSBUDDH: think quietly to oneself
                問  wèn OC: mɯns MC: mi̯un 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • vt(oN)(with negatives) not to worry about, not to care about
                • vtoN(with negatives) not to care about N

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