STRONG    強勁強

ABLE to ACHIEVE DIFFICULT TASKS of the BODY OR to the MIND.
POWERFULMUSCULARBRAWNYPOWERFULLY BUILTSTRAPPINGSTURDYBURLYMEATYROBUSTATHLETICTOUGHRUGGEDLUSTYSTRONG AS AN OX/HORSEINFORMAL BEEFYHUNKYHUSKYDATED STALWART
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for the temporary state of strength, physical or political, are qiáng 強 (ant. ruò 弱 "weak"). 2. The typically nominal or adverbial lì 力 commonly refers to a permanent property of strength.. 3. Yì 毅 (ant. nuò 懦 "weak") refers to inflexible and unshakeable firmness as well as strength. 4. Jìng 勁 (ant. léi 羸 "weak") and jìng 競 (ant. shuāi 衰 "reduced state, lack of energy") refers to strength mainly under the aspect of a physical or mental energy. 5. Zhuàng 壯 (ant. ruò 弱 "weak") refers to longish-term constitutional physical strength. 6. Jiàn 健 (ant. shuāi 衰 "in a reduced state, lacking energy") refers to temporary short-term constitutional strength which is the result of a good physical constitution. See HEALTHY
Modern Chinese Criteria
力量 力氣 強大 強硬 強勁 強 勁 雄 精 精銳 無敵 有力 神力 強有力 精神飽滿 孔武有力 兵強馬壯 舉世無敵 天下無匹 所向無敵 所向披靡 一往無前 無往不勝 無堅不摧 攻無不克 戰無不勝 泰山壓頂 拔海蕩山 拔山扛鼎 摧枯拉朽 降龍伏虎 兵不血刃 投鞭斷流 旌旗蔽空 人多勢眾 強盛 富強 國富民強 causative: 加固 鞏固 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • HARD　STRONG so that one CAN NOT CHANGE its SHAPE. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
  • HEALTHY　STRONG IN-S0-FAR as one LACK ILLNESS OR PAIN. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
  • POWER　ENDURING STRENGTH AND ABILITY to CAUSE OTHERS to ACT:do what one DESIRES them to DO.[[MACHT]] (anc: 8/0, child: 1)
  • STUBBORN　EXCESSIVELY STRONG of MIND, TEND to REFUSE to CHANGE one's ATTITUDE. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
  • LIVELY　STRONG, AND QUICK in REACTING. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
  • INDEPENDENT　STRONG so as NOT to DEPEND on or be CAUSED by anthying. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
  • SURPASSnew-998571c7-0955-405e-8571-c70955405ebe　Be MORE EXCELLENT OR STRONG IN-RELATION-TO ANOTHER IN ACTION. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • WEAKLACK STRENGTH.
See also
  • HARDSTRONG so that one CAN NOT CHANGE its SHAPE.
  • HEALTHYSTRONG IN-S0-FAR as one LACK ILLNESS OR PAIN.
  • FORTIFYBUILD CITY WALLS FOR DEFENDING a PLACE.
  • BEAUTIFULEXCELLENT in APPEARANCE.
Hypernym
  • ABLE　HAVE FEATURES one NEEDS in SELF:oneself FOR ACHIEVING something. (anc: 6/0, child: 16)
  • HAVE　RELATION to something such that it BE-IN:is in one OR is CONTROLLED by one. (anc: 5/0, child: 5)
  • RELATION　FEATURE of TWO OR MORE THINGS TOGETHER. (anc: 4/0, child: 15)
  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 1027

  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 4.81

  • Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles ( CASSIN 2004) p. 1221

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    STRENGTH

    vis refers to the strength which shows itself in moving and in attacking, as an ability to constrain others.

    robur refers to the strength which shows itself in holding one's own sustaining what needs to be sustained, while remaining firm and solid.

    STRONG

    validus means strong, in an active sense.

    firmus refers to strength from an immovable position, and consequently steadfastness.

    robustus refers to passive strength through the compact nature of something, and its empenetrable durable materials.

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 320

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    FORTITUDO

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 310

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 267

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.93.68

    STABILITE.CONSTANCE.FERMETE

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.95.71

    VIGOUREUX.FORT.ROBUSTE

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.191

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 58A

    • Words (63 items)

    強  qiáng OC: ɡaŋ MC: gi̯ɐŋ
    強  qiáng OC: ɡaŋ MC: gi̯ɐŋ 165 Attributions

    The current general word for the temporary state of strength, physical or political, are qiáng 強 (ant. ruò 弱 "weak").

      Word relations
    • Ant: 弱/WEAK The current general word for weakness of any physical or abstract kind, and of anything including states, persons, and animals is ruò 弱 (ant. qiáng 強 "strong").
    • Ant: 柔/SOFT The current standard word for anything pliable and soft is róu 柔, and I have found no competing words with related meanings.
    • Epithet: 秦/STATES Qín 秦 (CHEN PAN 1969, 178-196) Clan: Yíng 贏 (also written as or Yǎn 偃). Rank: Bó 伯 (common in CQ). In the inscriptions on the bronze artifacts, rulers of Qín also refers to themselves as gōng 公. In 324 B.C., the ruler of Qín adopted the title wáng 王. Founded: According to the tradition recorded in the Qín shìjiā chapter of SHI and in the Guó yǔ (Zhèng yǔ), rulers of Qín were descendants of the mythical Bóyī 伯翳 (or Bóyì 伯益), who served to the muthical emperor Shùn 舜. His descendant Fēizǐ 非子 received the fief in Qín from the Zhōu King Xiào 周孝王(ca 872?-866 B.C.). Later, in 770 B.C., lord Xiāng (>Qín Xiāng gōng 秦襄公) was raised into the rank of zhūhóu 諸侯 by King Píng of Zhou (>Zhōu Píng wáng 周平王) because of his assistence to the king during his removal of the capital to the East. Destroyed: In 221 B.C. Qín united all the states of the Chinese cultural sphere into one empire and established Qin dynasty which was overthrown in 206 B.C. Location: The state of Qín basically controlled the Wèi渭 River valley in the modern Shǎnxī province and the eastern part of Gansu province. The first capital of Fēizǐ was Qín 秦, which is located by the Kuò dì zhì into the area of the modern Tiānshuǐ 天水, Gansu province. During the reign of lord Níng 秦寧公 (715-704 B.C.) it moved to Píngyáng 平陽 (supposed to be located in the western part of modern Méi 眉 district, Shaanxi province), and later - in 677 B.C. - to Yōng 雍(modern Fēngxiáng 風翔, Shaanxi). Eventually, in 350, the capital was shifted to Xiányáng 咸陽(to the northeast of modern Xiányáng 咸陽, Shaanxi). History: During the decades following its establishment Qín reconquered ancient Zhōu territories in the West. In the Chunqiu period Qín reached in the second half of the 7th century B.C. it reached the height of its power under the duke Mù (>Qín Mù gōng秦穆公 , 659 - 621 B.C.) who became a hegemon among the "western barbarians". At a conference in 546, Qín was recognized to be one of the four strongest states in China. After the reforms of >Shāng Yāng 商鞅 (between 356 - 338 Qín) grew in power, and in 324 the ruler of Qín accepted the title of wáng 王"king". Thereafter Qín gradually defeated the remaining "warring" states and in 221 B.C. united China. The Qín dynasty was neverthless short-lived, and in 206 it was overthrown.
    • Epithet: 齊/STATES Qí 齊 (CHEN PAN 1969, 167-177) Clan: Ruled by the Jiāng 姜 clan. Since 481 B.C. (Ai 9) was real power in the state grasped by the Tián 田 (or Chén 陳) lineage, and in 386 B.C. its members oficially became marquises of Qí. The state was since that time sometimes called Tián Qí 田齊. Rank: Hóu 侯 (common in CQ and ZUO). In 334 B.C. rulers of Qí (or Tián Qí) adopted the title of wáng 王. 　 Founded: The fief of Qí was in the second half of the 11th century given by the king Chéng of Zhōu (>Zhōu Chéng wáng 周成王) to the Great Duke (Tài gōng 太公) >Lǚ Shàngfǔ 尚父. Destroyed: In 221 B.C. by Qín. Location: Located in modern Shandong province. 4. According to SHI, the first capital of the state was Yíngqīu 營丘. Several possible locations for this place were offered by traditional Chinese historiography, but the most probable seems the opinion of Shìjiā zhēngyì (quoting Kuò dì zhì), Hàn shū Dì lǐ zhì, and Tōng diǎn that it was located in the area of modern Lìnzī 臨淄 in the eastern part Zīfù 淄傅 in Shandong Province. In the beginning of the ninth century BC, the capital was shifted by lord Hú 齊胡公 to Bùgu 簿姑, which is located by the Xù Hàn shū Jùn guó zhì, Kuò dì zhì, and Dì míng kǎo lyè into the area of the modern Fùxìng 傅興 in Shandong. Eventually, Lord Xiàn 齊獻公 ruling in the ninth century established its capital in Línzī 臨淄 (modern Línzī 臨淄 in Shandong, where the city and necropolis dating from the Chunqiu and Zhanguo periods were excavated). History: By the eight century BC, Qí was one of the most powerful states in northern China. It reached the first peak of its power under duke Huán (>Qí Huán gōng 齊桓公, 685 - 643 BC) who was enfeoffed the leader of feudal lords (bà ) by the Zhōu king in 679 BC. After the death of duke Huán Qí lost its leading position due to the internal struggles, but it still remained a powerful state, and was recognized to be one of the four main powers in China in the conference in 546 BC. In the fifth century, Qí went through an internal crisis when the power in the state was in fact usurped by the >Tián 田 (or >Chén 陳) clan in 481, and officially in 386 BC. Under king Wei (>Qí Wēi wáng 齊威王) Qí grew in power and by the end of the fourth century it became together with the state of >Qín 秦the main power in China. However, in 284 BC Qí was almost eliminated by allied armies of other states, and although in 279 regained its lost territories, it remained the secondary power until its elimination by Qín in 221 BC.
    • Contrast: 勁/STRONG Jìng 勁 (ant. léi 羸 "weak") and jìng 競 (ant. shuāi 衰 "reduced state, lack of energy") refers to strength mainly under the aspect of a physical or mental energy.
    • Contrast: 堅/HARD The standard word for internal inherent solidity is jiān 堅 (ant. cuì 脆 "brittle"), and the standard word for external firmness, sturdiness and immobility is gù 固.
    • Contrast: 智/CRAFTY The most general word for craftiness as a negative quality is zhì 智, although very confusingly, this word can also refer to positive wisdom as a virtue.
    • Assoc: 堅/HARD The standard word for internal inherent solidity is jiān 堅 (ant. cuì 脆 "brittle"), and the standard word for external firmness, sturdiness and immobility is gù 固.
    • Synon: 霸 / 霸伯/RULER Bà 霸 (contr. wáng 王 "regular king") refers to a person who is in actual control of an area and specifically to one who acts as the leader of the feudal lords.
    • Oppos: 明/INTELLIGENT Míng 明 (ant. àn 闇 "obfuscated in one's mind"), taking its analogy from sharpness of vision, typically refers to clarity of insight at all levels.

      Syntactic words
    • nabdispositioncurrent state of physical or political strength; current power; current energy
    • nabprocessbecoming strong
    • nabpsychbeing really strong as personality
    • nabsocialpolitical clout; superior strength. supremacy, preponderance of strength; power-play
    • nccsubjectthat which is strong> superpower
    • v(adN)strong (states etc)
    • v[adN]nonreferentialthose who are strong and powerful; person who is strong; the stronger party
    • v[adN]nonreferentialthe strong (=強者), versus the weak)
    • vadNvigorous, strong; powerful (of states)
    • vadNnon-restrictivenon-restrictive adjective: (presupposed to be) strong
    • vadVin a forceful way, using force; insistently; too energetically, strongly 勉強地
    • vadVfigurativein a forced way > artificially (based on wrong assumptions)
    • vibe tough, vigorous, strong; of persons or institutions: be physically strong; psychological: formidable, strong
    • viactbecome strong
    • viartificiallybe artificially strong
    • vichangebecome strong; gain in strength; become a superpower
    • vifigurativebe non-physically strong
    • vigradedto be stronger
    • vt(oN)causativeto strengthen the contextually determinate NVK
    • vt+prep+Ngradedstronger than N
    • vt+V[0]insist on VERBING (perhaps this should be vadV "insistingly")
    • vtoNcausativestrengthen, reinforce
    • vtoNcausativecause (oneself) to be strong> strengthen (oneself)　修身自強
    • vtoNcausativestrengthen (one's determination/aspirations etc)
    • vtoNgradedbe stronger than somebody or something
    力  lì OC: ɡ-rɯɡ MC: lɨk 54 Attributions

    The typically nominal or adverbial lì 力 commonly refers to a permanent property of strength..

      Word relations
    • Object: 竭/EXHAUST Jié 竭 (ant. yíng 盈 "leave plenty of something") typically refers to the using up of what one has in one, or what one owns.
    • Object: 量/MEASURE
    • Epithet: 心/MIND The general word for the mental sphere of man is xīn 心 "HEART> mind" (ant. xíng 形 "physical shape, body", tǐ 體 "limbs, body").
    • Contrast: 才 / 材/TALENT The standard word for an unusual promising ability to perform important future tasks of any kind is cái 才／材, and the talents referred to by this word do not need to be of a "higher" kind.
    • Contrast: 智 / 知/INTELLIGENT The most general word for native ability to understand is zhī 知 (ant. wú zhī 無知 "lack the ability to understand"), but the word ranges in meaning from spiritual wisdom to technical competence.
    • Contrast: 身/BODY Shēn 身 (which also means "person") specifically refers to the main trunk of the body excluding head, arms and legs.
    • Assoc: 勇/COURAGE The standard general word for courage is yǒng 勇 (ant. nuò 懦 "pusillanimousness, chicken-liveredness"), which refers to positive boldness evinced in the face of danger or risk. Cf. fortitudo
    • Assoc: 武/WARFARE Wǔ 武 "military affairs" (ant. wén 文 "civil affairs") refers not so much to battles and military action, but to the administration of military affairs in general.
    • Assoc: 筋/SINEW
    • Oppos: 心/MIND The general word for the mental sphere of man is xīn 心 "HEART> mind" (ant. xíng 形 "physical shape, body", tǐ 體 "limbs, body").

      Syntactic words
    • nab(.post-N)the strength of the contextually determinate N; often: one's strength/powerCH
    • nab(.post-N)derived(relative) power, strength, complete efforts; inner strength
    • nab.adVin strength, regarding strength or power
    • nab.post-Npowerful influence of NCH
    • nab.post-Nthe physical strength of NLZ
    • nabactfeats of physical strength
    • nabstativephysical strength; physical force
    • nadNstrong
    • nadVusing （often: all one's) strength, powerfully, with one's power/strength; with all one's strength 力田 "work hard in agriculture"
    • vifigurativebe forceful and convincing, strong and energetic
    • vtoNcausativecause (oneself) to be constitutionally (not just temporarily) strong
    固  gù OC: kaas MC: kuo̝ 41 Attributions

    The standard word for internal inherent solidity is jiān 堅 (ant. cuì 脆 "brittle"), and the standard word for external firmness, sturdiness and immobility is gù 固.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 堅/HARD The standard word for internal inherent solidity is jiān 堅 (ant. cuì 脆 "brittle"), and the standard word for external firmness, sturdiness and immobility is gù 固.

      Syntactic words
    • nabfirmness, solidityCH
    • nabpsychfirmness
    • v[adN]humanwho is firm and unshakeableLZ
    • vadNfirm; solid
    • vadVfigurativefirmly, strongly; persistently, in an insisting manner
    • vibe firm, not to be easily moved; solid and good; secure and unshakeable; be staunch. persistent
    • vifigurativebe firm, be self-assured and unwobbling 甚固
    • vpostadVfirmly, strongly; persistently, in an insisting mannerLZ
    • vtoNcausativecause to be firm and solid, firm up; strengthen the position of
    壯  zhuàng OC: skraŋs MC: ʈʂi̯ɐŋ 31 Attributions

    Zhuàng 壯 (ant. ruò 弱 "weak") refers to longish-term constitutional physical strength.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 老/OLD The general term for old age of living creatures is lǎo 老 "of old age" (ant. shào 少 "still youthful" and yòu 幼 "young"), whereas the general term for things not new is jiù 舊 (ant. xīn 新 "new").
    • Ant: 衰/WEAK Shuāi 衰 (ant. shèng 盛 "strong and flourishing") refers to the process of weakening that attends any kind of decline.
    • Ant: 弱/WEAK The current general word for weakness of any physical or abstract kind, and of anything including states, persons, and animals is ruò 弱 (ant. qiáng 強 "strong").

      Syntactic words
    • nabstativephysical constitutional strength, sound build; strong state
    • nsubjectwhat is strong
    • v[adN]nonreferentialthose who are in their prime, those who are strong; those who are able-bodied
    • vadNconstitutionally strong; robust; in one's prime; able-bodied
    • vibe in strong basic shape, be going strong; be stout, be robust, be able-bodied, be in one's prime; be constitutionally strong; be fit and strong enough to work; thrive particularly
    • vichangebecome strong; grow strong; increase in strength; reach one's full strength
    • vifigurativehave literary/artistic vitalityCH
    • vt+prep+Ngradedbe stronger than (something/someone else)
    • vtoNcausativemake strong; strengthen
    彊  qiáng 22 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 弱/WEAK The current general word for weakness of any physical or abstract kind, and of anything including states, persons, and animals is ruò 弱 (ant. qiáng 強 "strong").
    • Assoc: 暴/VIOLENT Bào 暴 (ant. rén 仁 "humane") refers to negatively valued violence of disposition and action.

      Syntactic words
    • nab.adVwith one's strengthLZ
    • nabfeaturestrengthLZ
    • v[adN]N=animalthe powerful animalsTWH
    • v[adN]N=humanthe powerful onesTWH
    • vadNstrongLZ
    • viactpretend to be strongCH
    • vichangebecome strongLZ
    • vigradedstrongLZ
    勁  jìng OC: keŋs MC: kiɛŋ 16 Attributions

    Jìng 勁 (ant. léi 羸 "weak") and jìng 競 (ant. shuāi 衰 "reduced state, lack of energy") refers to strength mainly under the aspect of a physical or mental energy.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 羸/WEAK Léi 羸 (ant. jiàn 健 "strong and healthy") typically refers to physical weakness in humans. 3. Bào 薄 (ant. zhuàng 壯 "strong and vigorous") can refer to a low or weak intensity of something.
    • Contrast: 強 / 強/STRONG The current general word for the temporary state of strength, physical or political, are qiáng 強 (ant. ruò 弱 "weak").
    • Assoc: 強 / 強/STRONG The current general word for the temporary state of strength, physical or political, are qiáng 強 (ant. ruò 弱 "weak").
    • Assoc: 肥/STRONG

      Syntactic words
    • nabdispositionstrength and vigour
    • v[adN]the strong (people)CH
    • vadNnon-restrictive: energetic; of powerful impactCH
    • vadN(of persons, animals and occasionally states) vigorous; energetic; mighty
    • vadNresolute, firmLZ
    • vadNintensitivemighty; raging; violentCH
    • vibe energetic and strong
    • vtoNcausativestrengthen; give added force to; "stiffen (someone's) spine
    勇力  yǒng lì OC: k-loŋʔ ɡ-rɯɡ MC: ji̯oŋ lɨk 12 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabaudacity and strengthTWH
    • NP[adN]the brave and strongTWH
    • NPabpsychcourage of one's convictions; moral strength
    • NPadNbrave and strong> formidable
    • VPibe brave and strongTWH
    萬乘  wàn shèng MC: -- -- OC: mblans -- 9 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNfigurativepossessed of 10 000 chariots> powerful, militarily mightyCH
    競  jìng OC: ɡreŋs MC: gɣaŋ 9 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe ready for competition, be competitive> be vigorous and energetic, be in good shape; often used with negative: 不競
    壯士  zhuàng shì OC: skraŋs dzrɯʔ MC: ʈʂi̯ɐŋ ɖʐɨ 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPsturdy gentleman; able gentlemen; brave men
    毅  yì OC: ŋɡlɯds MC: ŋɨi 6 Attributions

    Yì 毅 (ant. nuò 懦 "weak") refers to inflexible and unshakeable firmness as well as strength.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 猛/VIOLENT The current general word for violence in action and in disposition is měng 猛 (ant. nuò 懦 "weakish, pusillanimous") which refers quite generally to a disposition for incisive action and violent reaction without strong positive or negative overtones.
    • Assoc: 剛/HARD Gāng 剛 (ant. róu 柔 "pliable") focusses on physical hardness as the core of inflexibility and firmness. [has also fig. meanings with positive and negative connotations][CA]

      Syntactic words
    • nabstativefirmness
    • vadNtough; reckless
    • vioften used negatively: be callous; be tough; be headstrong
    抗  kàng OC: khaaŋs MC: khɑŋ 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNresolute, resilient (behaviour), nobly independent; showing noble resilience
    • vadVresolutely; resiliently, with noble determination
    堅固  jiān gù OC: kiin kaas MC: ken kuo̝ 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeaturestrength
    • VPadVstrongly
    • VPibe strong and firm
    • VPpostadVstrongly
    • VPtoNabstractkeep solid and firmCH
    壯佼  zhuàng jiǎo OC: skraŋs kreewʔ MC: ʈʂi̯ɐŋ kɣɛu
    壯狡  zhuàng jiǎo OC: skraŋs kreewʔ MC: ʈʂi̯ɐŋ kɣɛu 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialthose who are strong and virile
    健  jiàn OC: ɡans MC: gi̯ɐn 4 Attributions

    Jiàn 健 (ant. shuāi 衰 "in a reduced state, lacking energy") refers to temporary short-term constitutional strength which is the result of a good physical constitution. See HEALTHY

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 強 / 強/STRONG The current general word for the temporary state of strength, physical or political, are qiáng 強 (ant. ruò 弱 "weak").
    • Assoc: 疾/QUICK Jí 疾 (ant. xú 徐 "slowly") typically refers to urgent speedy action of limited duration.

      Syntactic words
    • nabfeaturestrength
    • v[adN]nonreferentialthe strong one; the strong ones
    • vibe in good physical shape and strong
    • vifigurativebe politically strong; be powerfulCH
    力士  lì shì OC: ɡ-rɯɡ dzrɯʔ MC: lɨk ɖʐɨ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPstrongman
    彊大  qiáng dà MC: gjang dajH OC: ɡaŋ daads 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeaturestrengthLZ
    • VP[adN]the strong and big one(s)LZ
    • VPadNpowerfulCH
    剛毅  gāng yì MC: kang ngj+jH OC: kaaŋ ŋɡlɯds 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPipsychbe very tough, headstrong; be politically strongLZ
    長  cháng OC: ɡrlaŋ MC: ɖi̯ɐŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNthe strongest, the superior
    • vtoNcausativecause to grow stronger
    多力  duō lì OC: k-laal ɡ-rɯɡ MC: tɑ lɨk 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe strong
    • VPt+prep+Ngradedbe stronger than N
    堅脆  jiān cuì OC: kiin tshods MC: ken tshiɛi 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPab{nab1ant.nab2}conceptrelative hardness; strength or brittleness/softness
    • NPab{nab1ant.nab2}featurerelative strength or brittleness
    堅  jiān MC: ken OC: kiin 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabfeaturesolidityCH
    • vibe strong and firmly establishedCH
    彊固  qiáng gù MC: gjang kuH OC: ɡaŋ kaas 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPab(= qiánggu3 強盬) relative strengthLZ
    • NPabactstrengtheningLZ
    暴  bào OC: boowɡs MC: bɑu 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNstrong, violent (rain, wind)
    強弱  qiáng ruò OC: ɡaŋ njewɡ MC: gi̯ɐŋ ȵi̯ɐk 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabrelative strength
    勁直  jìng zhí OC: keŋs dɯɡ MC: kiɛŋ ɖɨk 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPitough
    肥  féi OC: bul MC: bɨi 2 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 勁/STRONG Jìng 勁 (ant. léi 羸 "weak") and jìng 競 (ant. shuāi 衰 "reduced state, lack of energy") refers to strength mainly under the aspect of a physical or mental energy.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativestrengthen, add strength to
    堅強  jiān qiáng OC: kiin ɡaŋ MC: ken gi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe very tough or strong
    • VPtoNcausativecause to be firm and strong >strengthen, firm up
    堅彊  jiān qiáng MC: ken gjang OC: kiin ɡaŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeaturetoughness and strength; perseveranceLZ
    • VPi= gang1qiáng 剛強: be tough and strongLZ
    筋力  jīn lì OC: kɯn ɡ-rɯɡ MC: kɨn lɨk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeaturephysical strength
    有力  yǒu lì OC: ɢʷɯʔ ɡ-rɯɡ MC: ɦɨu lɨk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe endowed with strength; be strong
    勍  qíng OC: ɡraŋ MC: gɣaŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNstrong
    • vibe strong
    死力  sǐ lì OC: pliʔ ɡ-rɯɡ MC: si lɨk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • none's complete energy, all the energy one has, all one's strength, total effort
    奮  fèn MC: pjunH OC: pɯns 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNenergetic and powerfulCH
    • vibe in powerfully good shapeCH
    猛毅  měng yì MC: maengX ngj+jH OC: mraaŋʔ ŋɡlɯds 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe (or appear) fierce and tough; be fiercely resolute, LZ
    千乘  qiān shèng MC: tshen -- OC: snʰiin -- 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadNpossessing one thousand of chariots > mighty DS
    堅實  jiān shí OC: kiin ɢljiɡ MC: ken ʑit 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNfirm and solid
    壯健  zhuàng jiàn OC: skraŋs ɡans MC: ʈʂi̯ɐŋ gi̯ɐn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeaturevigour
    駉  jiōng OC: kʷeeŋ MC: keŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi.redbe very strong; sturdy (horses)
    騤  kuí OC: ɡʷril MC: gi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi.redstrong and sturdy; vigorous (horses)
    堅牢  jiān láo OC: kiin ruu MC: ken lɑu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe firm and strong
    色力  sè lì OC: sqrɯɡ ɡ-rɯɡ MC: ʂɨk lɨk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabphysical strength
    擽然  lǜe rán MC: ljak nyen OC: -- njen 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVfirmlyLZ
    浡然  bó rán OC: bɯɯd njen MC: buot ȵiɛn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVvigorously, being full of energy
    壯者  zhuàng zhě MC: tsrjangH tsyaeX OC: skraŋs kljaʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialthose who are in their prime, those who are strong; those who are able-bodiedLZ
    伾  pī OC: phrɯ MC: phi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi.redbe very strong; be robust; be mighty
    剛彊  gāng qiáng MC: kang gjang OC: kaaŋ ɡaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe inflexibly imposing, be hard and strongCH
    餘力  yú lì OC: la ɡ-rɯɡ MC: ji̯ɤ lɨk 1 Attribution

    residual strength/energy

      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeatureextra strength; supplementary energy
    張  zhāng OC: krlaŋ MC: ʈi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNstrengthen vtoN@causative
    挺  tǐng MC: dengX OC: deeŋʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vibe straight and strongCH
    氣力  qì lì MC: khj+jH lik OC: khɯds ɡ-rɯɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPab(.post-N)physical strength (of an animal)CH
    強梁  qiáng liáng OC: ɡaŋ k-raŋ MC: gi̯ɐŋ li̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe strong and inflexible
    特  tè OC: ɡ-lɯɯɡ MC: dək 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabindependent strength
    猛  měng MC: maengX OC: mraaŋʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vibe forceful and energeticCH
    強毅  qiáng yì OC: ɡaŋ ŋɡlɯds MC: gi̯ɐŋ ŋɨi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe strong
    盛  shèng MC: dzyengH OC: djeŋs 1 Attribution

      Word relations

      Syntactic words
    • vadNstrong; sturdy; dominant
    詻  è OC: ŋɡraaɡ MC: ŋɣɛk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vi.red(of words) be strong and show a fighting spirit
    • vi.red:adNstrong-willed; obstreporous
    陽  yáng OC: k-laŋ MC: ji̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viYIJING: be strong
    度  dù OC: ɡ-laaɡs MC: duo̝ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    勁強  jìng qiáng OC: keŋs ɡaŋ MC: kiɛŋ gi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPichangebecome strong
    氣力  qì lì MC: khj+jH lik OC: khɯds ɡ-rɯɡ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPab(.post-N)physical strength (of an animal)CH
    氣  qì OC: khɯds MC: khɨi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabfeaturedynamic strength and force
    肥壯  féi zhuàng OC: bul skraŋs MC: bɨi ʈʂi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe fat and vigorous; be stout