VIOLENT  暴戾猛

EXCESSIVE in the USE of STRONG:strength.
BRUTALVICIOUSSAVAGEROUGHAGGRESSIVEABUSIVEPHYSICALLY ABUSIVETHREATENINGFIERCEPHYSICALWILDFEROCIOUSBARBAROUSBARBARICTHUGGISHPUGNACIOUSCUTTHROATSMASH-MOUTHHOMICIDALMURDEROUSCRUEL
Hypernym
  • EXCESSIVEINTENSELY to a MORE than APPROPRIATELY BIG DEGREE.
    • INTENSELYTo a HIGH DEGREE.
      • DEGREEFEATURE of MORE or LESS.
        • FEATUREABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE....
See also
  • POWERENDURING STRENGTH AND ABILITY to CAUSE OTHERS to ACT:do what one DESIRES them to DO.[[MACHT]]
    Hyponym
    • CRUEL　VIOLENT AND WICKED so as to DELIGHT in INJURING OR DAMAGING OTHERS.
      • TERROR　NOT LEGITIMATE PRIVATE VIOLENCE FOR CAUSING POLITICAL CHANGE.
        Old Chinese Criteria
        1. The current general word for violence in action and in disposition is měng 猛 (ant. nuò 懦 "weakish, pusillanimous") which refers quite generally to a disposition for incisive action and violent reaction without strong positive or negative overtones.

        2. Bào 暴 (ant. rén 仁 "humane") refers to negatively valued violence of disposition and action.

        3. Xiōng 凶 (ant. wēn 溫 "mild and bland") refers to violence as a psychological disposition and does not normally describe concrete pieces of behaviour.

        4. Hèng 橫 (ant. róu 柔 "considerate, non-provocative") emphasises the arbitrariness of violent response or violent disposition.

        Modern Chinese Criteria
        暴躁

        暴烈

        火性

        粗暴

        爆

        暴

        烈

        一戳即跳

        強凶霸道

        躁

        rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

        • “荀子”單音節形容詞同義關係研究 ( HUANG XIAODONG 2003) p. 108

        • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 3.562

          GEWALT

        • The Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( BORCHERT 2005) p.

          VIOLENCE

        • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

        • Encyclopedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology ( BARNARD AND SPENCER 2002) p.

        • Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages ( DE VAAN 2008) p.

          atrox, -ocis 'dreadful, fierce' [adj. £] (Naev.+) (abl.sg. atroci passim)

          Derivatives: atrocitas 'savageness, horror' (Acc.+).

        • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.165.124

          VIOLENT.EMPORTE

        • () p.

          AGGRESSIONSGEBAERDEN

        • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 56A

        Attributions by syntactic funtion

        • vadN : 28
        • vi : 24
        • nab : 11
        • v[adN] : 8
        • VPi : 6
        • vadV : 5
        • n : 5
        • vtoN : 4
        • NPab : 4
        • VPadN : 3
        • vt+prep+N : 2
        • NPadV : 1
        • VP[adN] : 1

        Attributions by text

        • 韓非子 : 21
        • 荀子 : 17
        • 淮南子 : 17
        • 管子 : 6
        • 春秋左傳 : 5
        • 論語 : 5
        • 墨子 : 4
        • 晏子春秋 : 4
        • 孟子 : 3
        • 呂氏春秋 : 3
        • 說苑 : 2
        • 禮記 : 2
        • 莊子 : 2
        • 戰國策 : 2
        • 妙法蓮華經 : 2
        • 文選 : 1
        • 毛詩 : 1
        • 阮籍集四卷 : 1
        • 百喻經 : 1
        • 史記 : 1
        • 韓詩外傳 : 1
        • 祖堂集 : 1

        Words

        暴  bào OC: boowɡs MC: bɑu 51 AttributionsWD

        Bào 暴 (ant. rén 仁 "humane") refers to negatively valued violence of disposition and action.

          Word relations
        • Ant: 明/INTELLIGENT Míng 明 (ant. àn 闇 "obfuscated in one's mind"), taking its analogy from sharpness of vision, typically refers to clarity of insight at all levels.
        • Assoc: 虐/CRUEL Nyè 虐 (ant. fǔ 撫 "take good care of, show proper concern for subordinates or subjects") refers to wanton cruelty in the exercise of political authority.
        • Assoc: 亂/REVOLT Luàn 亂 (ant. zhì 治 "regularly political government") refers to a major political upheaval designed to topple the reigning government.
        • Assoc: 彊/STRONG
        • Oppos: 善/GOOD The general term for positive appraisal of any kind in Chinese is shàn 善 (ant. è 惡 "bad").

          Syntactic words
        • nabactviolence; violent behaviour
        • nabdispositionrecklessness; cruel violence
        • nnonreferentialcrude bully, the violent
        • v[adN]N=humviolent persons
        • vadNreckless, cruel and violent
        • vadVimpetuously, violently (sometimes with suffix 而)CH
        • vibe reckless; be violent and cruel
        • viinchoativebecome ruthless and violent
        • vtoNdeal violently with, show violence towards
        猛  měng OC: mraaŋʔ MC: mɣaŋ 24 AttributionsWD

        The current general word for violence in action and in disposition is měng 猛 (ant. nuò 懦 "weakish, pusillanimous") which refers quite generally to a disposition for incisive action and violent reaction without strong positive or negative overtones.

          Word relations
        • Ant: 寬/LENIENT
        • Ant: 仁/BENEVOLENCE Rén 仁 (ant. cán 殘 "cruel" and perhaps ant.* rěn 忍 "be callous, unfeeling") which refers to kind-heartedness and deep human sensibility as a constitutive feature of man as a moral being, is the standard word since Confucius. [ETHICAL], [HIGH-DEGREE]
        • Epithet: 獸/BEAST Shòu 獸 tends to refer to dangerous mammals above a certain size that are typically imagined as running (zǒu shòu 走獸), and sometimes as liable to bite.
        • Contrast: 威/POWER The dominant general words for power are wēi 威 "formidable authority" and shì 勢 "strategic position of power".
        • Assoc: 悍/COURAGE Hàn 悍 (ant. qiè 怯 "fearfulness") is foolhardiness and recklessness under conditions of danger or risk. Cf. Latin ferocia
        • Assoc: 毅/STRONG Yì 毅 (ant. nuò 懦 "weak") refers to inflexible and unshakeable firmness as well as strength.

          Syntactic words
        • nabfeaturefierceness; violence of attitude
        • vadNof animals: fierce; superbly courageous
        • vadNnegativefierce and violentCH
        • viactbe fierce and dangerous (primarily of animials, then by extension also of generals and men)
        • vifigurativebe ruthless; be intolerantCH
        • vt+prep+Ncomparativebe more fierce than NCH
        暴亂  bào luàn OC: boowɡs ɡ-roons MC: bɑu lʷɑn 7 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabviolent rebellion/chaosCH
        • VPadNviolent and rebellious/unruly
        • VPibe violent and rebellious/unruly
        凶  xiōng OC: qhoŋ MC: hi̯oŋ
        兇  xiōng OC: qhoŋ MC: hi̯oŋ 5 AttributionsWD

        Xiōng 凶 (ant. wēn 溫 "mild and bland") refers to violence as a psychological disposition and does not normally describe concrete pieces of behaviour.

          Syntactic words
        • nabactviolence; violent reactions
        • vadNcharacterised by violence 凶戲 "violent sports"
        • vichangeturn violent
        • vt+prep+Ngradedbe fierce by nature
        橫  hèng OC: ɡʷraaŋs MC: ɦɣaŋ 4 AttributionsWD

        Hèng 橫 (ant. róu 柔 "considerate, non-provocative") emphasises the arbitrariness of violent response or violent disposition

          Syntactic words
        • vadNwayward, unruly, irregular
        • vadVwaywardly, in a violently irregular way
        • vibe wayward, unruly, irregular
        馮  píng OC: brɯŋ MC: bɨŋ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • vadNderivedoverwhelmingCH
        • vtoNZUO: maltreat
        不弔  bù diào OC: pɯʔ teewɡs MC: pi̯ut teu 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VP[adN]reckless [behaviour]
        • VPibe callous; be reckless; be mercilessCH
        卒暴  cù bào OC: skhuud boowɡs MC: tshuot bɑu 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPiactbe insensitively violent, rude
        激厲  jī lì OC: kleeɡ b-rads MC: kek liɛi 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPibe violent and arrogant
        猛戾  měng lì OC: mraaŋʔ rɯɯds MC: mɣaŋ lei 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPibe ferocious
        力強  lì qiáng MC: lik gjang OC: ɡ-rɯɡ ɡaŋCH 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPadVby brute forceCH
        陽  yáng MC: yang OC: k-laŋCH 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • nabfierceness, fierce dispositionCH
        暴悍  bào hàn MC: bawH hanH OC: boowɡs ɡaansLZ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VP[adN]N=humanoppressively violent peopleLZ
        彊暴  qiáng bào MC: gjang bawH OC: ɡaŋ boowɡsCH 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabviolenceCH
        鷙  zhì MC: tsyijH OC: tjibsCH 1 AttributionWD

          Word relations
        • Epithet: 禽/BIRD Qín 禽 refers to a large bird, typically a bird of prey that one might hunt for, and the word is predominantly used as a mass noun. (But note that the word can also be used to refer to wild beasts rather than birds.) [MASS!], [SPECIFIC]

          Syntactic words
        • vadNviolent, fierce, ferocious (of birds)CH
        剛猛  gāng měng MC: kang maengX OC: kaaŋ mraaŋʔCH 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabinflexibe violence in demeanourCH
        暴強  bào qiáng OC: boowɡs ɡaŋ MC: bɑu gi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VP[adN]the violent ones 六暴強
        縱暴  zòng bào OC: tsoŋs boowɡs MC: tsi̯oŋ bɑu 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPibe recklessly violent
        武  wǔ OC: mbaʔ MC: mi̯o 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vadNviolent, aggressive, warlike
        • vibe violent, aggressive, warlike

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