Taxonomy of meanings for 進:　　

  • 進 jìn (OC: tsins MC: tsin) 即刃切 去 廣韻：【前也善也升也登也又姓出何氏姓苑 】
    • ADVANCE
      • vt(oN)causativecause the contextually determinate N to advance; cause the contextually determinate N to take the leading position
      • viactmove forward, step forward, come forward
      • vifigurativeto go ahead and take office; to rise in rank; to move ahead in public service
      • vtoNadvance along
      • vtoNiussiveCAUSE TO MOVE FORWARD> send forward
      • vtoNinvite to step forwardCH
      • vtoNcausativecause to move into the foregroundCH
      • viderivedprotruding (XUN - but possibly a loan for jun4 峻)LZ
      • vi[0]imperativestep forward!CH
      • sustained> CONTINUE
        • vt+V[0]step forward (and ask another question) > continue (saying)
      • transitive> advance into> ENTER
        • vtoNpost-Han???: enter
        • vt(oN)enter the contextually determinate place
    • upwards> RISE
      • vifigurativerise in rank; make progress in one's career of any kind
      • vtoNcausativecause to rise (a position); raise (the rank of someone)
      • causative: administrative> PROMOTE
        • nabactpromoting someone
        • nabeventpromotion
        • vtoNcausativework for the advancement (of someone) (without necessarily having the authority to promote that person)
        • vtoNpassivebe promoted, gain promotion
        • vtoNreflexive.自promote (oneself)
        • vtoNmiddle voiceget promoted
        • vt[oN]promote othersLZ
        • by words of praise> RECOMMEND
          • vtoNpromote; recommend for promotion
          • vttoN1.+prep+N2recommend N1 to N2DS
      • causative> HAND UP
        • vt(oN)hand contextually determinate things up
        • vtoNcome forward with and present
        • vttoN1. N2present N1 ceremoniously to the superior/divine N2CH
        • vtoN.+VtoSto present (typically a speech) as follows:DS
    • abstract> PROGRESS
      • nabactadvancement; progress
      • vimake progress
      • vt+prep+Nfigurative進於 make progress with respect to
      • vt+prep+Nstativebe more advanced than
      • vtoNcausativeto advance N (e.g. tasks)LZ
      • visubj=nonhumanto advance (subject = e.g. tasks), show progressLZ
      • vt+Nabcontinuativemake progress in NabCH
      • manner GRADUALLY
        • cognitive> LEARN
          • vtoNmake progress > master (a doctrine)DS
          • causative> IMPROVE
            • vtoNpromote (benefits for the people etc)
            • intellectual, reflexive> CULTIVATE
              • vtoNcultivate
              • causative> ENCOURAGE
                • vtoNurge forward
    • 進 jìn 康熙字典：《集韻》徐刃切《正韻》齊進切。

        Additional information about 進

        說文解字: 【進】，登也。从辵、閵省聲。 【卽刃切】

          Criteria
        • LEARN

          1. The learning of propositional knowledge is wén 聞.

          2. The learning of practical knowledge is the inchoative néng 能 "come to be able to".

          3. Xué 學 is conative and means "try to learn". See STUDY.

          4. Jìn 進 is to make progress in the process of learning.

        • HAND UP

          1. The current general word for handing something up to superiors is xiàn 獻 (ant. cì 賜 "present to inferior").

          2. Jìn 進 is a very common bureaucratic word for submitting something to a superior.

          3. Fèng 奉 is a rather dramatic word depicting a person handing something up with both hands (possibly with the intention of making a formal gift of it, xiàn 獻.

          4. Nà 納 is a cold strictly bureaucratic term referring to the handing some upwards in the hierarchy.

          5. Gòng 貢 refers to the formal and ritual handing up or pledging of something to high authorities (typically tribute) in the course of one's ritual or political duties (the two being not held apart in ancient Chinese society). This tribute may even consist of lands or populations.

          6. Bǐng 稟 refers to handing up something to high authority (typically reports) with a show of extreme but customary deferential politeness.

          7. Xiào 效 typically refers to the offering up of abstract things such as effort on behalf of high authority.

          8. Zòu 奏 refers to the formal submission of a text to the highest authorities, and typically to the emperor.

          9. Shàng 上 is a neutral word referring to the submission of anything to someone higher up in the official hierarchy.

          10. Gōng 供／共 refers to the provision of what is necessary to the higher authorities.

          11. Nà 納 is to hand in formally to the authorities.

        • ENTER

          1. The standard dominant word is rù 入 (ant. chū 出 "go out") which refers to any kind of concrete or abstract entering of a thing into another.

          2. Nà 納 / 內 is causative and refers to letting enter or causing to enter.

          3. Zhù 注 refers to causing liquids to enter a a container. [See also POUR]

          4. Guàn 灌 refers to causing water to enter a location (prototypically for irrigation). [See POUR.]

          NB: Jìn 進 "to enter" occurs only from JIN DYNASTY times onwards, as far as I have been able to see.

        • RISE

          1. The most current general word for rising or raising oneself up, or rising to an upright position of any kind is qǐ 起 (ant. jiàng 降 "go down").

          2. Shēng 升 (ant. xià 下 "go down") refers specifically to the rising of something to a higher level, and these levels can be but do not have to be the ranks of a hierarchy.

          3. Jìn 進 (ant. tuì 退 "be demoted") refers specifically to the rising in the ranks of a hierarchy.

          4. Jìn 晉 is a very formal term referring to the rising of something in the ranks of a hierarchy.

        • PROGRESS

          1. The current general word denoting progress of any kind is yì 益.

          2. Jìn 進 is very occasionally used to denote progress.

        • PROMOTE

          1. The specific general term for bureaucratic promotion is the not very common zhuó 擢 (ant. chù 黜 "demote").

          2. The most current general-use words for raising the status of someone are jǔ 舉 (ant. jiàng 降 "lower the rank of") and jìn 進 (ant. tuì 退 "demote").

          3. Bá 拔 (ant. miǎn 免 "dismiss without necessarily removing from the hierarchy altogether") and qiān 遷 (ant. chū 出 "remove and transfer to a lower position") are standard bureaucratic terms for promotion in office.

          4. Chāo 超 refers specifically to raising someone by more than one level at the time, and this bureaucratic term became current in Han times.

        • RECOMMEND

          1. The current general word for recommending someone is jiàn 薦 (ant. yǐn 隱 "refuse to recommend and keep unknown").

          2. Tuī 推 (ant. xiàn 陷 "intrugue against") refers to the recommending someone and the pushing for his promotion.

          3. Jǔ 舉 and jìn 進 are both occasionally used not only for the act of promotion itself but for the attempt to get someone promoted through recommendation.

        • WITHDRAW

          1. The current general word for withdrawing from somewhere is tuì 退 (ant. jìn 進 "move forwards"), and the withdrawal can be over a short or a long distance, often with the purpose of returning to one's point of departure.

          2. Què 卻 (ant. qián 前 "move forward") refers to backing off, often under pressure, and typically for a shorter distance, and usually the immediate purpose of the withdrawal is not that of returning to one's point of departure but to get out of a confrontation.

          3. Bà 罷 (ant. gōng 攻 "move forward to attack") refers to an army withdrawing its military forces.

          4. Bì 避 (ant. duì 對 "face up to") refers to a polite withdrawal from an honoured or regular position, typical a position facing someone in authority.

          5. Yin3 引 refers to the act of preparing and then commencing a formal military withdrawal.

          Jī jīn 擊金 and míng jīn 鳴金 "beating the bells for military withdrawal" (ant. jī gǔ 擊鼓 "beat the drums for a military attack") refers to giving a signal for withdrawal of troops.

        • ADVANCE

          [GENERAL/SPECIFIC]

          1. The standard general word for physically going or moving forward is jìn 進 (ant. tuì 退 "withdraw backwards").

          [GENERAL]

          2. Qián 前 (ant. hòu 後 "move backwards") refers to the movement forward and into the position in front of someone.

          [SPECIFIC]

          Word relations
        • Ant: (ADVANCE)卻/WITHDRAW Què 卻(ant. qián 前 "move forward") refers to backing off, often under pressure, and typically for a shorter distance, and usually the immediate purpose of the withdrawal is not that of returning to one's point of departure but to get out of a confrontation.
        • Ant: (ADVANCE)退/WITHDRAW The current general word for withdrawing from somewhere is tuì 退 (ant. jìn 進 "move forwards"), and the withdrawal can be over a short or a long distance, often with the purpose of returning to one's point of departure.
        • Object: (HAND UP)酒/LIQUOR
        • Assoc: (RISE)升/RISE Shēng 升 (ant. xià 下 "go down") refers specifically to the rising of something to a higher level, and these levels can be but do not have to be the ranks of a hierarchy.
        • Assoc: (HAND UP)奉/HAND UP Fèng 奉 is a rather dramatic word depicting a person handing something up with both hands (possibly with the intention of making a formal gift of it, xiàn 獻.
        • Assoc: (ADVANCE)趨 / 趣/HURRY qū
        • Synon: (CULTIVATE)修 / 脩/CULTIVATE The current general term for cultivating something or refining it is xiū 修 (from Han times onwards sometimes also miswritten as xiū 脩, ant.* màn 慢 "neglect the cultivation of").
        • Synon: (HAND UP)奏/HAND UP Zòu 奏 refers to the formal submission of a text to the highest authorities, and typically to the emperor.
        • Oppos: (ADVANCE)止/REST
        • Oppos: (PROMOTE)後/DESPISE Hòu 後 (ant. xiān 先 "put first") is to fail to show proper respect for someone.