WITHDRAW    撤退退

LEAVE so as to MOVE BACKWARDS.
LEAVEPULL OUT OFEVACUATEQUIT(BEAT A) RETREAT FROM.RETIRERETREATADJOURNDECAMPLEAVEDEPARTABSENT ONESELFFORMAL REPAIRDATED REMOVELITERARY BETAKE ONESELF
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for withdrawing from somewhere is tuì 退 (ant. jìn 進 "move forwards"), and the withdrawal can be over a short or a long distance, often with the purpose of returning to one's point of departure. 2. Què 卻 (ant. qián 前 "move forward") refers to backing off, often under pressure, and typically for a shorter distance, and usually the immediate purpose of the withdrawal is not that of returning to one's point of departure but to get out of a confrontation. 3. Bà 罷 (ant. gōng 攻 "move forward to attack") refers to an army withdrawing its military forces. 4. Bì 避 (ant. duì 對 "face up to") refers to a polite withdrawal from an honoured or regular position, typical a position facing someone in authority. 5. Yin3 引 refers to the act of preparing and then commencing a formal military withdrawal. Jī jīn 擊金 and míng jīn 鳴金 "beating the bells for military withdrawal" (ant. jī gǔ 擊鼓 "beat the drums for a military attack") refers to giving a signal for withdrawal of troops.
Modern Chinese Criteria
退卻 撤退 撤兵 收兵 退兵 撤防 撤 班師 回師 鳴金收兵 挾起尾巴 first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis 18.11.2003. CH
Hyponym
  • FLINCH　WITHDRAW QUICKLY FROM WHAT ONE THINKS IS DANGEROUS. (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
Antonym
Hypernym
  • LEAVE　MOVE so as to CEASE to BE-IN a PLACE. (anc: 11/0, child: 3)
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • CHANGE　EVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2. (anc: 9/0, child: 18)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 20.45

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 174

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1429

    • Words (34 items)

    退  tuì OC: thuubs MC: thuo̝i 62 Attributions

    The current general word for withdrawing from somewhere is tuì 退 (ant. jìn 進 "move forwards"), and the withdrawal can be over a short or a long distance, often with the purpose of returning to one's point of departure.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 動/ACT Zuò 作 (ant. xí 息 "fail to take the initiative, fail to become active") refers to the taking of an initiative for an action which would not have occurred without such a deliberate initiative, and the word is naturally associated with the notion of creativity. SPONTANEOUS, OCCASIONAL, PERFECTIVE
    • Ant: 進/ADVANCE The standard general word for physically going or moving forward is jìn 進 (ant. tuì 退 "withdraw backwards"). >>GENERAL

      Syntactic words
    • vi[0]imperativego away! withdraw!
    • viactgo away; withdraw
    • viactbe withdrawn>reticent in words and actionCH
    • vifigurativeresign; withraw from office; retreat; also: retreat from life
    • vimathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
    • vipsychbe retiring by nature, be reticent by nature
    • vt(oN)withdraw from the contextually determinate thing (e.g. public life)
    • vt+Nwithdraw by the distance N
    • vt[oN]move backward, (typically decide to) withdraw (usually to the point where one came from); leave, leave the room; withdraw from court; imp: out of my sight!
    • vtoNwithdraw from; withdraw before (the enemy)
    • vtoNwithdraw to behind NCH
    • vtoNcausativebet N to retire
    卻  què OC: khaɡ MC: khi̯ɐk 12 Attributions

    Què 卻(ant. qián 前 "move forward") refers to backing off, often under pressure, and typically for a shorter distance, and usually the immediate purpose of the withdrawal is not that of returning to one's point of departure but to get out of a confrontation.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 進/ADVANCE The standard general word for physically going or moving forward is jìn 進 (ant. tuì 退 "withdraw backwards"). >>GENERAL
    • Assoc: 走/FLEE The current general word for illicit disappearance from where one has some obligation to remain is zǒu 走.
    • Synon: 走/FLEE The current general word for illicit disappearance from where one has some obligation to remain is zǒu 走.

      Syntactic words
    • viact(typically be forced to) retreat (usually not to the point of origin); back off
    • vtoNget (horses) to go backwards
    • vtoNcausativecause to withdraw
    • vtoNiussiveorder to withdraw
    • vto之withdraw from the sceneCH
    罷  bà OC: breelʔ MC: bɣɛ 8 Attributions

    Bà 罷 (ant. gōng 攻 "move forward to attack") refers to an army withdrawing its military forces.

      Syntactic words
    • viact(of an army) withdraw
    • vtoNwithdraw (an army); retire (from a meal); withdraw from (a place)
    引  yǐn OC: liŋʔ MC: jin 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativecause (troops) to prepare withdrawal 引兵而還
    逡巡  qūn xún OC: skhlun sɢʷun MC: tshʷin zʷin 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiwithdraw; step back as sign of respect
    詘  qū MC: khjut OC: khlud 4 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Oppos: 信/TRUST The current word for having faith in someone is xìn 信 (ant. yí 疑 "be suspicious of"), and this word belongs to the high discourse of politics and ethics.

      Syntactic words
    • vichange(= qu1 屈) withdrawLZ
    • viderived(= qu1 屈) be ripe for withdrawalLZ
    • vt+prep+Nact, derivedto withdraw from someoneCS
    還走  huán zǒu OC: ɡʷraan tsooʔ MC: ɦɣan tsu 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactturn round and run off in recognition of humiliaton and as a ritual admission of guilt
    遯  dùn OC: duuns MC: duo̝n 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viact＝遁withdraw; go into hiding; live in hiding
    • vtoN＝遁 withdraw from and hide from
    避  bì OC: beɡs MC: biɛ 3 Attributions

    Bì 避 (ant. duì 對 "face up to") refers to a polite withdrawal from an honoured or regular position, typical a position facing someone in authority.

      Syntactic words
    • DELETEwithdraw from a place where one temporarily was
    • vtoNwithdraw from (a place N)
    • vtoNfigurativewithdraw from figuratively
    收  shōu OC: qjiw MC: ɕɨu 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNderived: hold back; take back, rescind
    • vtoNpassivebe rescinded
    班師  bān shī OC: praan sril MC: pɣan ʂi 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactwithdraw the army
    屏  bǐng MC: pjiengX  OC: peŋʔ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt prep Nwithdraw to NCH
    • vt[oN]withdrawCH
    憚  dàn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNshirk NLZ
    班  bān OC: praan MC: pɣan 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativecause to withdraw
    削跡  xiāo jì, jī MC: sjak tsjeH OC: smewɡ sklaɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactretrace one's steps in a quick retreatCH
    中退  zhōng tuì OC: krluŋ thuubs MC: ʈuŋ thuo̝i 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactwithdraw midway
    逡  qūn OC: skhlun MC: tshʷin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpoetic, CC: withdraw; ZZ: inch backwards (of a person)
    走退  zǒu tuì OC: tsooʔ thuubs MC: tsu thuo̝i 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactresultative
    罷卻  bà què OC: breelʔ khaɡ MC: bɣɛ khi̯ɐk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactwithdraw
    後  hòu OC: ɡooʔ MC: ɦu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viprocessmove backwards (e.g. of clothes)
    復  fù OC: buɡ MC: buk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viactwithdraw
    靜退  jìng tuì OC: dzeŋʔ thuubs MC: dziɛŋ thuo̝i 1 Attribution

    jìngtuì

      Syntactic words
    • viactpractise a calm and withdrawing, non-assertive strategy of life
    撓  náo OC: mɢreewʔ MC: ɳɣɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viactflinch (because of pain)
    橈  nào MC: nraewH OC: mɢreews 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi= náo 撓: flinchLZ
    歸  guī OC: klul MC: kɨi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viactwithdraw
    退舍  tuì shě OC: thuubs lʰaʔ MC: thuo̝i ɕɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiresultativewithdraw so as to cease an activity
    復從  fù cóng OC: buɡs dzoŋ MC: bɨu dzi̯oŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactbeat an ordered retreat
    絀  chù MC: trwit OC: krlud 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viact(= qu1 屈) withdrawLZ
    縮  suō OC: sruɡ MC: ʂuk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNreflexive.自withdraw (oneself)> withdraw
    鳴金  míng jīn OC: mreŋ krɯm MC: mɣaŋ kim 0 Attributions

    Jī jīn 擊金 and míng jīn 鳴金"beating the bells for military withdrawal" (ant. jī gǔ 擊鼓 "beat the drums for a military attack") refers to giving a signal for withdrawal of troops.

      Syntactic words
    • vibeat the gongs for a military withdrawal
    反走  fǎn zǒu OC: panʔ tsooʔ MC: pi̯ɐn tsu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactpolitely withdraw a few steps as a ritual of respect
    擊金  jī jīn OC: keeɡ krɯm MC: kek kim 0 Attributions

    Jī jīn 擊金 and míng jīn 鳴金"beating the bells for military withdrawal" (ant. jī gǔ 擊鼓 "beat the drums for a military attack") refers to giving a signal for withdrawal of troops.

      Syntactic words
    • VPiactbeat the bells to signify retreat
    深  shēn MC: syim OC: qhljum
    深  shēn MC: syim OC: qhljum 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNwithdraw into; recede into
    引歸  yǐn guī OC: liŋʔ klul MC: jin kɨi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiacteffect an orderly withdrawal so as to return home