FLEE  逃走逃／走

LEAVE QUICKLY AND SECRETLY, FEARING DANGER.
ESCAPERUN AWAY/OFFGET OUTBREAK OUTBREAK FREEMAKE A BREAK FOR ITBOLTFLEETAKE FLIGHTMAKE OFFTAKE OFFABSCONDTAKE TO ONE'S HEELSMAKE ONE'S GETAWAYMAKE A RUN FOR ITDISAPPEARVANISHSLIP AWAYSNEAK AWAYINFORMAL CUT AND RUNSKEDADDLEVAMOOSEFLY THE COOPTAKE FRENCH LEAVEGO ON THE LAM
Hypernym
  • LEAVEMOVE so as to CEASE to BE-IN a PLACE.
    • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION.
      • CHANGEEVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2.
        • EVENTREALITY that ARISES in TIME....
See also
  • HIDE ONESELFCONCEAL ONESELF.
    • AVOIDACT so as to CAUSE ONESELF NOT to ENCOUNTER OR SUFFER something.
      • TRAVELDISPLACE ONESELF, TYPICALLY a BIG DISTANCE, AND IN a VEHICLE OR RIDING AN ANIMAL.
        Old Chinese Criteria
        1. The current general word for illicit disappearance from where one has some obligation to remain is zǒu 走.

        2. Táo 逃 refers to an attempted or successful escape to a place, or from any difficult predicament (for which see AVOID), occasionally also from a person or group of persons. Thus to 逃 a state is to flee TO a state, to 逃 a predicament is to flee FROM a predicament, and to 逃 a person is to flee FROM that person.

        3. Bèi 北 is to flee during a battle engagement.

        4. Bēn 奔 is refers to absconding from a place at high speed.

        5. Dùn 遁 is to get away by simply going into hiding rather than by seeking refuge in a certain alternative place.

        6. Wáng 亡 and the much rarer sàng 喪 often refers to a dignified almost public way of leaving one place for another, especially to going into exile in order to escape danger.

        7. Yì 逸 / 佚 is to seek and find freedom through fleeing from an oppressive situation.

        8. Cuàn 竄 is primarily to sneak away, availing oneself of a narrow "window of opportunity", and going into hiding after the flight.

        NB: There is a striking number of binomes expressing flight. These need to be analysed in detail to determine their semantic nuances.

        Modern Chinese Criteria
        擺脫 / 掙脫

        逃跑

        逃走

        逃脫

        脫逃

        逃遁

        潛逃

        奔逸

        逃逸

        兔脫

        逃匿

        逃亡

        亡命

        逋逃

        逃

        跑

        遁

        逸

        奔

        開小差

        逃之夭夭

        遠走高飛

        望風而逃

        落荒而逃

        臨陣脫逃

        金蟬脫殼

        rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

        • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 10.51

        • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 184

        • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

          FUGA

        • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 128

        • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1431

          逃，遁，逸，逋

        • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.376:254

          S'EVADER.S'ECHAPPER.S'ENFUIR

        • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.411.372

          FUIR.EVITER.ELUDER

        • Encyclopedia of Comparative Iconography ( ROBERTS 1998) p. 435

        Attributions by syntactic funtion

        • vt(oN) : 119
        • vtoN : 80
        • VPi : 45
        • vt+N : 41
        • VPtoN : 34
        • vt+prep+N : 20
        • VPt[oN] : 15
        • vi : 10
        • v[adN] : 7
        • nab : 6
        • VPt+prep+N : 6
        • vadN : 4
        • VPt(oN) : 3
        • VPadN : 2
        • vt[oN] : 2
        • n : 2
        • vtoN.-V[0] : 2
        • NPab : 2
        • nab[.post-N] : 1
        • nab{PRED} : 1
        • vtt(oN1.)+prep+N2 : 1
        • NP : 1

        Attributions by text

        • 春秋左傳 : 153
        • 韓非子 : 57
        • 史記 : 27
        • 莊子 : 22
        • 淮南子 : 16
        • 百喻經 : 13
        • 春秋穀梁傳 : 12
        • 戰國策 : 11
        • 鹽鐵論 : 9
        • 管子 : 9
        • 說苑 : 8
        • 祖堂集 : 8
        • 孟子 : 7
        • 古列女傳 : 5
        • 論衡 : 5
        • 韓詩外傳 : 5
        • 尚書 : 4
        • 論語 : 4
        • 法集要頌經 : 4
        • 荀子 : 3
        • 墨子 : 2
        • 劉義慶世說新語 : 2
        • 呂氏春秋 : 2
        • 漢書 : 2
        • 孫子 : 2
        • 阮籍集四卷 : 2
        • 毛詩 : 2
        • 記纂淵海 : 1
        • 晏子春秋 : 1
        • 法句經 : 1
        • 臨濟錄 : 1
        • 妙法蓮華經 : 1
        • 新論-漢-桓譚 : 1
        • 楚辭 : 1
        • 六祖壇經 : 1

        Words

        逃  táo OC: ɡ-laaw MC: dɑu 88 AttributionsWD

        Táo 逃 refers to an attempted or successful escape to a place, or from any difficult predicament (for which see AVOID), occasionally also from a person or group of persons. Thus to 逃 a state is to flee TO a state, to 逃 a predicament is to flee FROM a predicament, and to 逃 a person is to flee FROM that person.

          Word relations
        • Assoc: 亡/FLEE Wáng 亡 and the much rarer sàng 喪 often refers to a dignified almost public way of leaving one place for another, especially to going into exile in order to escape danger.
        • Assoc: 奔 / 奔/FLEE Bēn 奔 is refers to absconding from a place at high speed.
        • Assoc: 遁/FLEE Dùn 遁 is to get away by simply going into hiding rather than by seeking refuge in a certain alternative place.

          Syntactic words
        • nab[.post-N]actone's flight; one's having to go into exileCH
        • v[adN]runaway
        • vifigurativeflee; flee from their nature
        • vt(oN)escape, get away; abscond
        • vt+prep+Ntoflee into
        • vtoNcausativecause someone to escape, allow someone to escape; tell someone to escape
        • vtoNN=humflee from
        • vtoNN=situationflee from the situation N
        • vtoNpermissiveallow to get away
        • vtoNtoescape into, escape to (a place, or a person who protects one)
        奔  bēn OC: pɯɯn MC: puo̝n
        奔  bèn OC: pɯɯns MC: puo̝n 52 AttributionsWD

        Bēn 奔 is refers to absconding from a place at high speed.

          Word relations
        • Assoc: 逃/FLEE Táo 逃 refers to an attempted or successful escape to a place, or from any difficult predicament (for which see AVOID), occasionally also from a person or group of persons. Thus to 逃 a state is to flee TO a state, to 逃 a predicament is to flee FROM a predicament, and to 逃 a person is to flee FROM that person.

          Syntactic words
        • v[adN]those who flee
        • vt(oN)make a desperate and hasty escape, run and flee, seek refuge[CHECK YOUR LEX ATTRIB; SOME ARE VT][CA]
        • vt+Nflee to (a place, typically another state)
        • vt+prep+NN=placeflee to NCH
        • vt[oN]flee
        走  zǒu OC: tsooʔ MC: tsu 33 AttributionsWD

        The current general word for illicit disappearance from where one has some obligation to remain is zǒu 走.

          Word relations
        • Result: 老/TIRED Láo 老 refers specifically to exhaustion of soldiers.
        • Contrast: 歸/RETURN The standard general world for returning to where one belongs is guī1 歸(zhī 之 "go to") .
        • Assoc: 亡/FLEE Wáng 亡 and the much rarer sàng 喪 often refers to a dignified almost public way of leaving one place for another, especially to going into exile in order to escape danger.
        • Assoc: 卻/WITHDRAW Què 卻(ant. qián 前 "move forward") refers to backing off, often under pressure, and typically for a shorter distance, and usually the immediate purpose of the withdrawal is not that of returning to one's point of departure but to get out of a confrontation.
        • Assoc: 還/TURN BACK The standard word for changing direction and turning to one side is huán 還. 馬還 "the horses turn round contrasts with tuì 退 "withdraw" in that there is no focus on the turning round in tui 退, and no ultimate aim of the withdrawal is envisaged.
        • Synon: 卻/WITHDRAW Què 卻(ant. qián 前 "move forward") refers to backing off, often under pressure, and typically for a shorter distance, and usually the immediate purpose of the withdrawal is not that of returning to one's point of departure but to get out of a confrontation.

          Syntactic words
        • nabactan act of fleeing or running away
        • nab{PRED}be an act of fleeingCH
        • vt(oN)run away (from the contextually determinate place; make off, flee; leave the scene
        • vt+prep+Nflee to, flee and seek refuge with
        • vtoNrun away towards; flee to
        • vtoN.-V[0]CH
        • vtoN.-V[0]flee to N in order to VCH
        • vtoNcausativecause to flee
        遁  dùn OC: ɡ-luuns MC: duo̝n 31 AttributionsWD

        Dùn 遁 is to get away by simply going into hiding rather than by seeking refuge in a certain alternative place.

          Word relations
        • Assoc: 逃/FLEE Táo 逃 refers to an attempted or successful escape to a place, or from any difficult predicament (for which see AVOID), occasionally also from a person or group of persons. Thus to 逃 a state is to flee TO a state, to 逃 a predicament is to flee FROM a predicament, and to 逃 a person is to flee FROM that person.

          Syntactic words
        • nabactflight; hasty escape
        • v[adN]fugitive
        • vadNevasive, escapist
        • vt(oN)flee and hide; retreat from a contextually determinate duty
        • vt(oN)hide from the contextually determinate N, keep ways fromCH
        • vt+prep+Nflee to
        • vtoNflee and hide from
        出奔  chū bēn OC: khljud pɯɯn MC: tɕhʷit puo̝n 28 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabactflight
        • VPiflee
        • VPt+prep+Nflee, go into exile
        • VPtoNresultativeleave so as to flee to
        亡  wáng OC: maŋ MC: mi̯ɐŋ 17 AttributionsWD

        Wáng 亡 and the much rarer sàng 喪 often refers to a dignified almost public way of leaving one place for another, especially to going into exile in order to escape danger.

          Word relations
        • Assoc: 走/FLEE The current general word for illicit disappearance from where one has some obligation to remain is zǒu 走.
        • Assoc: 逃/FLEE Táo 逃 refers to an attempted or successful escape to a place, or from any difficult predicament (for which see AVOID), occasionally also from a person or group of persons. Thus to 逃 a state is to flee TO a state, to 逃 a predicament is to flee FROM a predicament, and to 逃 a person is to flee FROM that person.

          Syntactic words
        • nabactflight
        • v[adN]fugitives
        • vt(oN)go into exile (often in a certain place); be in exile[also: escape from being caught][CA]
        • vt[oN]get away
        • vtoNflee from
        離  lí OC: b-rel MC: liɛ 17 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vt+prep+Nfigurativeflee from
        • vtoNget to leave> escape from
        • vtoNfigurativedetach oneself from; distance oneself from, become separated from; deviate from; be apart from; leave the realm of so as to transcend; transcend; become detached from
        • vtoNfigurativekeep away from!
        逃歸  táo guī OC: ɡ-laaw klul MC: dɑu kɨi 15 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPt[oN]resultativeflee home
        • VPtoNresultativeflee back to
        北  běi MC: pok OC: pɯɯɡ 14 AttributionsWD

        Bèi 北 is to flee during a battle engagement.

          Syntactic words
        • nabactdesertion
        • v[adN]pluralthose who are defeated and flee
        • vt(oN)allow oneself to be defeated and run away; also: desert, commit desertation
        遁逃  dùn táo OC: ɡ-luuns ɡ-laaw MC: duo̝n dɑu 12 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPadNprone to run awayLZ
        • VPiactget away; escape; run away
        • VPt+prep+Ntoflee to (a place)
        免  miǎn OC: mronʔ MC: miɛn 10 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vt(oN)escape from the contextually determinate N; get away; manage to get away
        • vt(oN)imperativeflee!; escape!
        • vt+prep+Nfigurativeescape from (difficulties etc)CH
        逸  yì OC: lid MC: jit 7 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vadNhaving extricated oneself from a difficult situation, having escaped
        • virun off, escape into freedom; run wild
        • viactescape; extricate oneself (so as to get away);
        • vtoNextricate oneself and flee to peace, get away from trouble
        奔走  bēn zǒu MC: pwon tsuwX OC: pɯɯn tsooʔCH 7 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPiactflee, run awayCH
        出亡  chū wáng OC: khljud maŋ MC: tɕhʷit mi̯ɐŋ 6 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPiresultativeleave the country and go into exile; have left the country and live in exile
        出走  chū zǒu OC: khljud tsooʔ MC: tɕhʷit tsu 5 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPiresultativego into exile and run away> flee from one's state
        • VPt[oN]causativecause people to flee; expell somebody NDS
        • VPtoNflee to
        逃奔  táo bēn OC: ɡ-laaw pɯɯn MC: dɑu puo̝n 5 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPiactrun away
        • VPt+prep+Nflee to
        • VPtoNresultativeflee to
        逃避  táo bì OC: ɡ-laaw beɡs MC: dɑu biɛ 5 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPiactflee so as to avoid > get away
        • VPt(oN)escape from a contextually determinate predicament N
        • VPtoNflee from; try to avoid, try to get away from
        避  bì MC: bjieH OC: beɡsCH 5 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNtry to escape from, try to flee from, run away fromCH
        逋  bū OC: paa MC: puo̝ 4 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • nagentrunaway
        • viactSHU: escape (primarily of slaves, e.g. from taxation)
        降北  xiáng běi OC: ɡruum pɯɯɡ MC: ɦɣɔŋ pək 4 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabactfleeing before the enemy; desertation in battle
        • VPadNwho have surrendered so as to run away
        • VPiactsurrender so as to run away; desert in battle
        犇  bēn MC: pwon OC: pɯɯnCH 4 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vi=奔　fleeCH
        • vtoNflee to (a place)TW
        絕  jué OC: dzod MC: dziɛt 3 AttributionsWD

        Jué 絕 refers to avoidance through getting rid completely and definitively of what is threatening. [ABSTRACT], [CAUSATIVE], [DELIBERATE], [HIGH-DEGREE]

          Syntactic words
        • vt(oN)get away
        • vtoNflee so as to avoid; cut (oneself) off
        • vtt(oN1.)+prep+N2causativekeep away from; flee
        • vttoN1(.+N2)reflexive.自cut (oneself) off from a contextually determinate thing N2
        託  tuō OC: ph-laaɡ MC: thɑk 3 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vt+prep+Nflee to, seek refuge in
        • vtoNtake refuge in (a place)
        出離  chū lí OC: khljud b-rel MC: tɕhʷit liɛ 3 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPt(oN)figurativeleave, transcend, ecape from (an undesirable state of mind, situation, etc.)
        • VPt+prep+Nfigurativeleave from > escape from, transcend
        • VPtoNfigurativeleave from > escape from, transcend
        • vtoNesape from
        出  chū OC: khljud MC: tɕhʷit 2 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vt(oN)escape
        • vtoNpassivebe fled from > be escaped from
        竄  cuàn OC: tshoons MC: tshʷɑn 2 AttributionsWD

        Cuàn 竄 is primarily to sneak away, availing oneself of a narrow "window of opportunity", and going into hiding after the flight.

          Syntactic words
        • vt+prep+NJia Yi, Mourning Qu Yuan: sneak away (as animals fleeing into a hole from attackers; SJ: leave secretly)
        逃之  táo zhī OC: ɡ-laaw kljɯ MC: dɑu tɕɨ 2 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPtoNresultativeflee to
        逃亡  táo wáng OC: ɡ-laaw maŋ MC: dɑu mi̯ɐŋ 2 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPiactget away and go into exile
        逃走  táo zǒu OC: ɡ-laaw tsooʔ MC: dɑu tsu 2 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPiresultativeflee so as to run away
        如  rú OC: nja MC: ȵi̯ɤ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNgo to some place in flight, flee to
        孫  sūn OC: sluun MC: suo̝n 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • vt+prep+Nflee
        亡如  wáng rú OC: maŋ nja MC: mi̯ɐŋ ȵi̯ɤ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPtoNresultativeflee to
        亡走  wáng zǒu OC: maŋ tsooʔ MC: mi̯ɐŋ tsu 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPt(oN)disappear and run away
        播蕩  bō dàng OC: paals ɡ-laaŋʔ MC: pʷɑ dɑŋ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPiactlose one's home and be forced to flee
        散走  sàn zǒu OC: sqaans tsooʔ MC: sɑn tsu 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPactflee in all directions
        潛逃  qián táo OC: sɡam ɡ-laaw MC: dziɛm dɑu 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPt+prep+Nresultativedive so as to flee into
        絕走  jué zǒu OC: dzod tsooʔ MC: dziɛt tsu 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPiactflee
        走去  zǒu qù OC: tsooʔ khas MC: tsu khi̯ɤ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPiactmake off, get away (not necessarily by walking or running!)
        逃北  táo běi OC: ɡ-laaw pɯɯɡ MC: dɑu pək 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPiflee
        逃突  táo tū OC: ɡ-laaw duud MC: dɑu duot 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPadVreference=subjectall
        • VPiflee in disarray
        避去  bì qù OC: beɡs khas MC: biɛ khi̯ɤ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPt(oN)resultativeavoid so as to get away
        出犇  chū bēn MC: tsyhwijH pwon OC: khljud pɯɯnCH 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPiact=出奔 run away; fleeCH
        避逃  bì táo MC: bjieH daw OC: beɡs ɡ-laawTWH 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPtoNescape fromTWH
        奔逸  bēn yì MC: pwon yit OC: pɯɯn lidCH 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPirush off unrestrainedCH
        逝  shì MC: dzyejH OC: ɡljedsCS 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • vt(oN)run away (from the contextually determinate place); make off, flee; leave the sceneCS
        喪  sàng OC: smaaŋs MC: sɑŋ 0 AttributionsWD

        Wáng 亡 and the much rarer sàng 喪 often refers to a dignified almost public way of leaving one place for another, especially to going into exile in order to escape danger.

          Syntactic words
        • vadNin exile
        • vt(oN)leave a country for reasons of personal security; disappear from a place and go into exile; be in exile
        淰  shěn OC: qhljɯmʔ MC: ɕim 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • viactflee; escape ????????????????
        駾  tuì OC: lʰoods MC: thɑi 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • viactflee; escape
        卻走  què zǒu OC: khaɡ tsooʔ MC: khi̯ɐk tsu 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPiresultativewithdraw and flee
        走避  zǒu bì OC: tsooʔ beɡs MC: tsu biɛ 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPt(oN)resultativerun away from
        退走  tuì zǒu OC: thuubs tsooʔ MC: thuo̝i tsu 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPiresultativerun away
          Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNflee fromCH
          Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNflee fromCH
          Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNtry to escape from, try to flee from, run away fromCH

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