BROAD  廣博

BIG in the MORE SMALL HORIZONTAL DIRECTION:dimension.
WIDEVASTIMMENSEGREATSPACIOUSEXPANSIVESIZABLESWEEPINGROLLING
Antonym
  • NARROWSMALL in the MORE SMALL DIMENSION.
    Hypernym
    • BIGOF INTENSE SIZE OR DEGREE IN-RELATION-TO a STANDARD, OR IN-RELATION-TO the SIZE of a HUMAN.
      • SIZEQUANTITY of a DIMENSION.
        • QUANTITYDEGREE of being MANY OR FEW that CAN be MEASURED OR COUNTED.
          • DEGREEFEATURE of MORE or LESS....
    See also
    • HIGHBIG VERTICALLY.
      • LONGBIG in ONE HORIZONTAL DIRECTION. See also ENDURING.
        • LONGBIG in ONE HORIZONTAL DIRECTION. See also ENDURING.
          Old Chinese Criteria
          1. The standard general word is guǎng 廣 (ant. xiá 狹 "narrow") referring to anything of get spatial extension, also in various metaphorical senses.

          2. Bó 博 (ant. yuē 約 "confined") is primarily metaphorical in application, and its concrete senses applied to physical objects are derived senses of the word only.

          3. Kuàng 曠 adds to the feature of broadness and wide space that of emptiness.

          4. Kuò 闊 (ant. xiá 狹 "narrow") adds to the concept of broadness of spatial extent that of remote distance, and the word was late to enter the pre-Buddhist language.

          5. Kuān 寬 (ant. zhǎi 窄 "narrow") is recorded as meaning "broad" in SHUOWEN and is so used in HOUHANSHU, but the word was predominantly used in metaphorical senses like "broad-minded, forgiving, not strict", and related to huì 惠 "generous".

          Modern Chinese Criteria
          廣闊

          廣博

          遼闊

          寬闊

          開闊

          寥闊

          遼闊

          遼落

          廣大

          廣泛

          廣闊

          廣敞

          廣漠





          寬曠

          曠蕩

          空曠

          空闊

          空廓

          遼廓

          寥廓

          蒼茫

          荒漠

          浩蕩

          浩瀚

          浩渺

          彌漫

          滄溟

          茫茫

          蕩蕩

          莽莽

          漠漠

          恢恢

          連天

          鴻洞

          洪洞

          萬頃

          漫瀾

          無邊

          無涯

          無垠

          無際

          無邊無際

          漫無邊際

          茫無涯際

          奧博

          廣博

          淵博

          賅博 (lit) refers figuratively to broadness of learning.

          奧博 (lit) refers figuratively to profound and broad erudition.



          博大

          淹博

          rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH /

          Words

            guǎng OC: kʷaaŋʔ MC: kɑŋ 51 AttributionsWD

          The standard general word is guǎng 廣 (ant. xiá 狹 "narrow") referring to anything of get spatial extension, also in various metaphorical senses.

            Word relations
          • Subject: 地/TERRITORY Dì 地 refers to a well-defined bounded piece of territory.
          • Ant: 狹/NARROW The current general word for narrowness is xiá 狹 (ant. kuān 寬 "broad") which refers quite generally to the small size of any opening.
          • Epithet: 地/EARTH The current general term for the earth or land is dì 地 (ant. tiān 天"Heaven").
          • Contrast: 博/BROAD Bó 博 (ant. yuē 約 "confined") is primarily metaphorical in application, and its concrete senses applied to physical objects are derived senses of the word only.
          • Contrast: 大/BROAD
          • Assoc: 浩/BIG

            Syntactic words
          • nabfeaturewidth
          • nabgradedCHEMLA 2003: comparative width; the comparatively wider partJZ 5.1, Liu Hui's comm: 損廣補狹 "one reduces the comparatively wider part and compensatorily increases the comparatively narrower part"
          • nabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: width In JZ 廣 does not always refer to the smaller side of the rectangle, but regularly refers to the dimension in the east-west direction. By the time of the commentator Li Chunfeng, this has changed, and 廣 has come to refer to the smaller dimension irrespective of its directionality.
          • npost-Nmathematical termthe width of NVK
          • v[adN]figurativewhat is broad in scope and importanceCH
          • vadNbroad, spacious
          • vadNfigurativeexpansive, far-reaching; well-developedCH
          • vadVfigurativewidely; broadly; on a broad scale; in a wide-ranging manner
          • vichangebecome braoder> expand, be expanding
          • vifigurativebe broad of vision and ambition
          • vifigurativebe widespread; reach far and wideCH
          • vigradedbe wide and large, spacious (as a dwelling, or a territory)
          • vt+Nstativebe broad to the extent of, be as broad as
          • vtoNcausativeexpand, make larger
          • vtoNfigurative, causativebroaden
          • vtoNreflexive.自broaden what (one) has, create room for (oneself), be expansive about (oneself)
            bó OC: paaɡ MC: pɑk 39 AttributionsWD

          Bó 博 (ant. yuē 約 "confined") is primarily metaphorical in application, and its concrete senses applied to physical objects are derived senses of the word only.

            Word relations
          • Result: 學/STUDY The dominant word is xué 學 (ant. jiào 教 "train teach")which refers primarily to studying or training under another person, and secondarily to the learning by heart texts. Very often, the word retains a tinge of immitation.
          • Ant: 淺/SHALLOW
          • Ant: 約/RESTRAIN The current general word for restraining something or someone is yuē 約 (ant. zòng 縱 "give free rein to").
          • Ant: 約/SMALL
          • Object: 道術/PHILOSOPHY
          • Epithet: 學/STUDY The dominant word is xué 學 (ant. jiào 教 "train teach")which refers primarily to studying or training under another person, and secondarily to the learning by heart texts. Very often, the word retains a tinge of immitation.
          • Epithet: 帶/BELT The current general word is dài 帶 which refers to any belt worn on the hip, and this belt may be of leather, silk or any other fabric. Note that dài 帶 alone is often used to refer to shēn 紳. [GENERAL], [PROSAIC]; [[COMMON]]
          • Contrast: 廣/BROAD The standard general word is guǎng 廣 (ant. xiá 狹 "narrow") referring to anything of get spatial extension, also in various metaphorical senses.
          • Contrast: 詳/DETAILED The current general word for detail is xiáng 詳 (ant. lŸè 略 "without proper detail" and yào 要 "only in main outline").

            Syntactic words
          • nabfeaturebroadness, wide-reaching qualityLZ
          • v[adN]figurativewhat is of broad importanceCH
          • vadNbroad (learning)
          • vadNphysically broad, wide (of territories or belts etc)CH
          • vadNfigurativewide-reaching
          • vadVfigurativeon a large scale, broadly; from a wide variety of sources; in a wide variety of ways
          • vibe large (of a state); be large (of an area of any kind)
          • vifigurativebe broad, be not narrow (of learning or knowledge), comprehensive, wide-ranging
          • viprocessbe broadly/widely manifestedCH
          • vtoNcausativecause to be broad> broaden, widen (also transferred senses)
          • vtoNfigurativehave broad learning with respect to
          廣狹  guǎng xiá OC: kʷaaŋʔ ɡreeb MC: kɑŋ ɦɣɛp 7 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPab{nab1ant.nab2}featurerelative size (of territory or cloth)
            kuān OC: khoon MC: khʷɑn 4 AttributionsWD

          Kuān 寬 (ant. zhǎi 窄 "narrow") is recorded as meaning "broad" in SHUOWEN and is so used in HOUHANSHU, but the word was predominantly used in metaphorical senses like "broad-minded, forgiving, not strict", and related to huì 惠 "generous".

            Word relations
          • Ant: 狹/NARROW The current general word for narrowness is xiá 狹 (ant. kuān 寬 "broad") which refers quite generally to the small size of any opening.
          • Assoc: 容/CONTAIN Róng 容 refers to the making room for and thus containing or having space for something, and the word is also used abstractly. [GENERAL]

            Syntactic words
          • vibe broad, spacious (like a river)
          • viactbe bent on expansion, be expansive in action
          • vifigurativelarge-hearted, non-petty; broad-minded
          • vtoNcausativecause (oneself) to be broad-minded> take heart
            pǔ OC: phaaʔ MC: phuo̝ 4 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vadNwide-spread> broad, expansive
            zhōu OC: tjɯw MC: tɕɨu 3 AttributionsWD

            Word relations
          • Ant: 比/PARTIAL Bǐ 比 (ant. zhōu 周 "catholic") refers to partiality in the context of political cooperation.

            Syntactic words
          • vifigurativerange widely, range universally; be catholic
            dà OC: daads MC: dɑi 2 AttributionsWD

            Word relations
          • Contrast: 廣/BROAD The standard general word is guǎng 廣 (ant. xiá 狹 "narrow") referring to anything of get spatial extension, also in various metaphorical senses.
          • Assoc: 闊/BROAD Kuò 闊 (ant. xiá 狹 "narrow") adds to the concept of broadness of spatial extent that of remote distance, and the word was late to enter the pre-Buddhist language.

            Syntactic words
          • vadNfigurativeoverallCH
          • vibe large in extent
            fú OC: pɯɡ MC: puk 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • nabfeaturewidth (of a ribbon); standard width of cloth for sale
            kuò OC: khʷaaɡ MC: khɑk 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vadNfigurativevast far-reaching (discourse etc)CH
          • vtoNcausativebroaden
            hóng OC: ɡʷɯɯŋ MC: ɦəŋ 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vadVbroadly, all-encompassinglyLZ
          • vadVfigurativewith a broad perspective
            kuàng OC: khʷaaŋs MC: khɑŋ 2 AttributionsWD

          Kuàng 曠 adds to the feature of broadness and wide space that of emptiness.

            Word relations
          • Epithet: 野/COUNTRYSIDE The current general word for the undelimited non-urban areas is yě 野 (ant. yì 邑 "urbanised settlement").

            Syntactic words
          • nabstativefigurative, poetic: broadness of perspective; immensity
          • vadNwide; broad; vast
          • viextensive, expansive, wide open
            kāi OC: khɯɯl MC: khəi 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNcausativeopen the way for, expand
            xián OC: ɢreen MC: ɦɣɛn 2 AttributionsWD

            Word relations
          • Ant: 陋/NARROW Lòu 陋 (ant.* kuò 闊 "in grand style") refers only indirectly to narrowness e.g. of a street as an indication of its undistinguished character. The word focusses on this undistinguished character and is quite marginal in this group.

            Syntactic words
          • vifigurativebe broad and wide-ranging in culture
          • vtoNfigurativebe broad (-ly learned) with respect to > have a wide-ranging knowledge of
          廣博  guǎng bó OC: kʷaaŋʔ paaɡ MC: kɑŋ pɑk 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPadNspacious
          • VPiactbe wide-ranging in what one does
          廣大  guǎng dà OC: kʷaaŋʔ daads MC: kɑŋ dɑi 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPibe broad and wide-ranging
          寥廓  liáo kuò MC: lew khwak OC: ɡ-rɯɯw khʷaaɡCH 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPabvast void spaceCH
          • NPadNfigurativevast and apparently insubstantialCH
            kuò OC: khʷaaɡ MC: khɑk 1 AttributionWD

          kuò

            Syntactic words
          • vtoNextend (something); develop (something) into a proper extent
            qǐ OC: kheeʔ MC: khei 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNcausativebroaden, widen, extend
            fàn OC: phoms MC: phi̯ɐm 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vifigurativebroad
            fàn OC: phoms MC: phi̯ɐm 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vi.red-V:adNPab{S}broad in orientation, comprehensive
            xū OC: qhʷla MC: hi̯o 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vi.redbe broad and large
            kuò OC: khood MC: khʷɑt 1 AttributionWD

          Kuò 闊 (ant. xiá 狹 "narrow") adds to the concept of broadness of spatial extent that of remote distance, and the word was late to enter the pre-Buddhist language.

            Syntactic words
          • vadNbroad
          • viwide, broad; SHI 31: widely separated, very distant
          寬博  kuān bó OC: khoon paaɡ MC: khʷɑn pɑk 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPadNspacious
          寬廣  kuān guǎng OC: khoon kʷaaŋʔ MC: khʷɑn kɑŋ 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPispacious (without hindrance)
          廓然  kuò rán OC: khʷaaɡ njen MC: khɑk ȵiɛn 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPadVfrom a broad angle, in a vast perspective;
          廣莫  guǎng mò OC: kʷaaŋʔ maaɡ MC: kɑŋ mɑk 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPibe very vast
          豁然  huò rán OC: qhʷaad njen MC: hʷɑt ȵiɛn 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPiinchoativebecome like open space, broaden (the perspective of one's mind) (in Zen texts often used for describing an enlightenment experience, metaphorically comparing it to the unobstructedness of open space)
          閎大  hóng dà OC: ɡʷrɯɯŋ daads MC: ɦɣɛŋ dɑi 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPiactbe broad and comprehensive in what one does
            liáo MC: lew OC: ɡ-rɯɯwCH 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vadNvast and apparently emptyCH
            dàng 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vi.red-V:adNPab{S}broadly, greatlyLZ
          薄薄  báo bó báo báo bó báo MC: bak bak OC: baaɡ baaɡLZ 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPadN= pu3pu3 溥溥: evoking the idea of great broadnessLZ
          恢然  huī rán MC: khwoj nyen OC: khʷɯɯ njenLZ 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPifigurativebe all-encompassingLZ
            qiǎn MC: tshjenX OC: tshenʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vadNbroad: of one's belt, the broadness of which makes the garment to be tied in a "shallow" way (XUN, Zhang Jue et alii: contended, for others e.g. 'narrow')LZ
          博大  bó dà MC: pak dajH OC: paaɡ daadsLZ 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPifigurativebroad and wide-reaching (knowledge, intelligence, spirit)LZ
            fàn MC: phjomH OC: phlomsCH 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vi=氾 all-embracing in rangeCH
            jiǎ MC: kaeX OC: kraaʔCH 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • nabvast reach 瑕(xiá):广阔辽远。CH
            bāo MC: paw OC: puuCH 1 AttributionWD

            Word relations
          • Epithet: 衣/GARMENT The current general word for garments of any kind is yī 衣, and the word refers specifically to the upper garments like jackets rather than the lower garments like skirts. [HUANG 1995: 711 - 712]

            Syntactic words
          • vadNloose, billowing (garments)CH
            huī OC: khʷɯɯ MC: khuo̝i 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vi(poetic, the word is often reduplicated:) stretch over a vast space
          • vifigurativebe broad in culture
            tuò OC: thaaɡ MC: thɑk 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNcausativeexpand (a territory)
            chǎng OC: thjaŋʔ MC: tɕhi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vispacious, open (like an open area)
            mǎng OC: maaŋʔ MC: mɑŋ 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vibroad vast (as of a landscape view)
            hào OC: ɡuuʔ MC: ɦɑu 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vibe vast, of water areas???
            shào OC: ɡ-lewʔ MC: dʑiɛu 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNcausativeexpand (intelligence/understanding)
            mào OC: moos MC: mu 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vibroad in extent
          博通  bó tōng OC: paaɡ kh-looŋ MC: pɑk thuŋ 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPifigurativebroad and varied
          泱泱  yāng yāng OC: qaŋ qaŋ MC: ʔi̯ɐŋ ʔi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • videep and wide; broad; widespread ????
            Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPadNfigurativevast and apparently insubstantialCH

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