BROAD    廣博

BIG in the MORE SMALL HORIZONTAL DIRECTION:dimension.
WIDEVASTIMMENSEGREATSPACIOUSEXPANSIVESIZABLESWEEPINGROLLING
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The standard general word is guǎng 廣 (ant. xiá 狹 "narrow") referring to anything of get spatial extension, also in various metaphorical senses. 2. Bó 博 (ant. yuē 約 "confined") is primarily metaphorical in application, and its concrete senses applied to physical objects are derived senses of the word only. 3. Kuàng 曠 adds to the feature of broadness and wide space that of emptiness. 4. Kuò 闊 (ant. xiá 狹 "narrow") adds to the concept of broadness of spatial extent that of remote distance, and the word was late to enter the pre-Buddhist language. 5. Kuān 寬 (ant. zhǎi 窄 "narrow") is recorded as meaning "broad" in SHUOWEN and is so used in HOUHANSHU, but the word was predominantly used in metaphorical senses like "broad-minded, forgiving, not strict", and related to huì 惠 "generous".
Modern Chinese Criteria
廣闊 廣博 遼闊 寬闊 開闊 寥闊 遼闊 遼落 廣大 廣泛 廣闊 廣敞 廣漠 廣 曠 寬曠 曠蕩 空曠 空闊 空廓 遼廓 寥廓 蒼茫 荒漠 浩蕩 浩瀚 浩渺 彌漫 滄溟 茫茫 蕩蕩 莽莽 漠漠 恢恢 連天 鴻洞 洪洞 萬頃 漫瀾 無邊 無涯 無垠 無際 無邊無際 漫無邊際 茫無涯際 奧博 廣博 淵博 賅博 (lit) refers figuratively to broadness of learning. 奧博 (lit) refers figuratively to profound and broad erudition. 博 博大 淹博 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Antonym
  • NARROWSMALL in the MORE SMALL DIMENSION.
See also
  • HIGHBIG VERTICALLY.
  • LONGBIG in ONE HORIZONTAL DIRECTION. See also ENDURING.
  • LONGBIG in ONE HORIZONTAL DIRECTION. See also ENDURING.
Hypernym
  • BIG　OF INTENSE SIZE OR DEGREE IN-RELATION-TO a STANDARD, OR IN-RELATION-TO the SIZE of a HUMAN. (anc: 7/0, child: 15)
  • SIZE　QUANTITY of a DIMENSION. (anc: 6/0, child: 2)
  • QUANTITY　DEGREE of being MANY OR FEW that CAN be MEASURED OR COUNTED. (anc: 5/0, child: 3)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 12.61

  • “荀子”單音節形容詞同義關係研究 ( HUANG XIAODONG 2003) p. 87

  • Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik ( SCHMIDT 1889) p. 104

  • 東漢﹣隨常用詞演變研究 ( WANG WEIHUI 2000) p. 371

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1571

    闊，寬

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 161

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 156

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 279

    • Words (47 items)

    廣  guǎng OC: kʷaaŋʔ MC: kɑŋ 53 Attributions

    The standard general word is guǎng 廣 (ant. xiá 狹 "narrow") referring to anything of get spatial extension, also in various metaphorical senses.

      Word relations
    • Subject: 地/TERRITORY Dì 地 refers to a well-defined bounded piece of territory.
    • Ant: 狹/NARROW The current general word for narrowness is xiá 狹 (ant. kuān 寬 "broad") which refers quite generally to the small size of any opening.
    • Epithet: 地/EARTH The current general term for the earth or land is dì 地 (ant. tiān 天"Heaven").
    • Contrast: 博/BROAD Bó 博 (ant. yuē 約 "confined") is primarily metaphorical in application, and its concrete senses applied to physical objects are derived senses of the word only.
    • Contrast: 大/BROAD
    • Assoc: 浩/BIG

      Syntactic words
    • nabfeaturewidth
    • nabgradedCHEMLA 2003: comparative width; the comparatively wider partJZ 5.1, Liu Hui's comm: 損廣補狹 "one reduces the comparatively wider part and compensatorily increases the comparatively narrower part"
    • nabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: width In JZ 廣 does not always refer to the smaller side of the rectangle, but regularly refers to the dimension in the east-west direction. By the time of the commentator Li Chunfeng, this has changed, and 廣 has come to refer to the smaller dimension irrespective of its directionality.
    • npost-Nmathematical termthe width of NVK
    • v[adN]figurativewhat is broad in scope and importanceCH
    • vadNbroad, spacious
    • vadNfigurativeexpansive, far-reaching; well-developedCH
    • vadVfigurativewidely; broadly; on a broad scale; in a wide-ranging manner
    • vichangebecome braoder> expand, be expanding
    • vifigurativebe broad of vision and ambition
    • vifigurativebe widespread; reach far and wideCH
    • vigradedbe wide and large, spacious (as a dwelling, or a territory)
    • vt+Nstativebe broad to the extent of, be as broad as
    • vtoNcausativeexpand, make larger
    • vtoNfigurative, causativebroaden
    • vtoNreflexive.自broaden what (one) has, create room for (oneself), be expansive about (oneself)
    博  bó OC: paaɡ MC: pɑk 39 Attributions

    Bó 博 (ant. yuē 約 "confined") is primarily metaphorical in application, and its concrete senses applied to physical objects are derived senses of the word only.

      Word relations
    • Result: 學/STUDY The dominant word is xué 學 (ant. jiào 教 "train teach")which refers primarily to studying or training under another person, and secondarily to the learning by heart texts. Very often, the word retains a tinge of immitation.
    • Ant: 淺/SHALLOW
    • Ant: 約/RESTRAIN The current general word for restraining something or someone is yuē 約 (ant. zòng 縱 "give free rein to").
    • Ant: 約/SMALL
    • Object: 道術/PHILOSOPHY
    • Epithet: 學/STUDY The dominant word is xué 學 (ant. jiào 教 "train teach")which refers primarily to studying or training under another person, and secondarily to the learning by heart texts. Very often, the word retains a tinge of immitation.
    • Epithet: 帶/BELT The current general word is dài 帶 which refers to any belt worn on the hip, and this belt may be of leather, silk or any other fabric. Note that dài 帶 alone is often used to refer to shēn 紳. [GENERAL], [PROSAIC]; [[COMMON]]
    • Contrast: 廣/BROAD The standard general word is guǎng 廣 (ant. xiá 狹 "narrow") referring to anything of get spatial extension, also in various metaphorical senses.
    • Contrast: 詳/DETAILED The current general word for detail is xiáng 詳 (ant. lŸè 略 "without proper detail" and yào 要 "only in main outline").

      Syntactic words
    • nabfeaturebroadness, wide-reaching qualityLZ
    • v[adN]figurativewhat is of broad importanceCH
    • vadNbroad (learning)
    • vadNphysically broad, wide (of territories or belts etc)CH
    • vadNfigurativewide-reaching
    • vadVfigurativeon a large scale, broadly; from a wide variety of sources; in a wide variety of ways
    • vibe large (of a state); be large (of an area of any kind)
    • vifigurativebe broad, be not narrow (of learning or knowledge), comprehensive, wide-ranging
    • viprocessbe broadly/widely manifestedCH
    • vtoNcausativecause to be broad> broaden, widen (also transferred senses)
    • vtoNfigurativehave broad learning with respect to
    廣狹  guǎng xiá OC: kʷaaŋʔ ɡreeb MC: kɑŋ ɦɣɛp 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPab{nab1ant.nab2}featurerelative size (of territory or cloth)
    廣大  guǎng dà OC: kʷaaŋʔ daads MC: kɑŋ dɑi 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe broad and wide-ranging
    寬  kuān OC: khoon MC: khʷɑn 4 Attributions

    Kuān 寬 (ant. zhǎi 窄 "narrow") is recorded as meaning "broad" in SHUOWEN and is so used in HOUHANSHU, but the word was predominantly used in metaphorical senses like "broad-minded, forgiving, not strict", and related to huì 惠 "generous".

      Word relations
    • Ant: 狹/NARROW The current general word for narrowness is xiá 狹 (ant. kuān 寬 "broad") which refers quite generally to the small size of any opening.
    • Assoc: 容/CONTAIN Róng 容 refers to the making room for and thus containing or having space for something, and the word is also used abstractly. [GENERAL]

      Syntactic words
    • vibe broad, spacious (like a river)
    • viactbe bent on expansion, be expansive in action
    • vifigurativelarge-hearted, non-petty; broad-minded
    • vtoNcausativecause (oneself) to be broad-minded> take heart
    普  pǔ OC: phaaʔ MC: phuo̝ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNwide-spread> broad, expansive
    周  zhōu OC: tjɯw MC: tɕɨu 3 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 比/PARTIAL Bǐ 比 (ant. zhōu 周 "catholic") refers to partiality in the context of political cooperation.

      Syntactic words
    • vifigurativerange widely, range universally; be catholic
    開  kāi OC: khɯɯl MC: khəi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativeopen the way for, expand
    閑  xián OC: ɢreen MC: ɦɣɛn 2 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 陋/NARROW Lòu 陋 (ant.* kuò 闊 "in grand style") refers only indirectly to narrowness e.g. of a street as an indication of its undistinguished character. The word focusses on this undistinguished character and is quite marginal in this group.

      Syntactic words
    • vifigurativebe broad and wide-ranging in culture
    • vtoNfigurativebe broad (-ly learned) with respect to > have a wide-ranging knowledge of
    廣博  guǎng bó OC: kʷaaŋʔ paaɡ MC: kɑŋ pɑk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNspacious
    • VPiactbe wide-ranging in what one does
    大  dà OC: daads MC: dɑi 2 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 廣/BROAD The standard general word is guǎng 廣 (ant. xiá 狹 "narrow") referring to anything of get spatial extension, also in various metaphorical senses.
    • Assoc: 闊/BROAD Kuò 闊 (ant. xiá 狹 "narrow") adds to the concept of broadness of spatial extent that of remote distance, and the word was late to enter the pre-Buddhist language.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNfigurativeoverallCH
    • vibe large in extent
    幅  fú OC: pɯɡ MC: puk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabfeaturewidth (of a ribbon); standard width of cloth for sale
    廓  kuò OC: khʷaaɡ MC: khɑk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNfigurativevast far-reaching (discourse etc)CH
    • vtoNcausativebroaden
    弘  hóng OC: ɡʷɯɯŋ MC: ɦəŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVbroadly, all-encompassinglyLZ
    • vadVfigurativewith a broad perspective
    曠  kuàng OC: khʷaaŋs MC: khɑŋ 2 Attributions

    Kuàng 曠 adds to the feature of broadness and wide space that of emptiness.

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 野/COUNTRYSIDE The current general word for the undelimited non-urban areas is yě 野 (ant. yì 邑 "urbanised settlement").

      Syntactic words
    • nabstativefigurative, poetic: broadness of perspective; immensity
    • vadNwide; broad; vast
    • viextensive, expansive, wide open
    寥廓  liáo kuò MC: lew khwak OC: ɡ-rɯɯw khʷaaɡ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabvast void spaceCH
    • NPadNfigurativevast and apparently insubstantialCH
    寬廣  kuān guǎng OC: khoon kʷaaŋʔ MC: khʷɑn kɑŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPispacious (without hindrance)
    廣莫  guǎng mò OC: kʷaaŋʔ maaɡ MC: kɑŋ mɑk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe very vast
    蕩  dàng 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi.red-V:adNPab{S}broadly, greatlyLZ
    襃  bāo MC: paw OC: puu 1 Attribution

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 衣/GARMENT The current general word for garments of any kind is yī 衣, and the word refers specifically to the upper garments like jackets rather than the lower garments like skirts. [HUANG 1995: 711 - 712]

      Syntactic words
    • vadNloose, billowing (garments)CH
    訏  xū OC: qhʷla MC: hi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi.redbe broad and large
    闊  kuò OC: khood MC: khʷɑt 1 Attribution

    Kuò 闊 (ant. xiá 狹 "narrow") adds to the concept of broadness of spatial extent that of remote distance, and the word was late to enter the pre-Buddhist language.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNbroad
    • viwide, broad; SHI 31: widely separated, very distant
    恢然  huī rán MC: khwoj nyen OC: khʷɯɯ njen 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPifigurativebe all-encompassingLZ
    薄薄  báo bó báo báo bó báo MC: bak bak OC: baaɡ baaɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadN= pu3pu3 溥溥: evoking the idea of great broadnessLZ
    啟  qǐ OC: kheeʔ MC: khei 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativebroaden, widen, extend
    嘏  jiǎ MC: kaeX OC: kraaʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabvast reach 瑕(xiá）：广阔辽远。CH
    寥  liáo MC: lew OC: ɡ-rɯɯw 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNvast and apparently emptyCH
    擴  kuò OC: khʷaaɡ MC: khɑk 1 Attribution

    kuò

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNextend (something); develop (something) into a proper extent
    氾  fàn OC: phoms MC: phi̯ɐm 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vifigurativebroad
    汎  fàn MC: phjomH OC: phloms 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi=氾 all-embracing in rangeCH
    廓然  kuò rán OC: khʷaaɡ njen MC: khɑk ȵiɛn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVfrom a broad angle, in a vast perspective;
    泛  fàn OC: phoms MC: phi̯ɐm 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi.red-V:adNPab{S}broad in orientation, comprehensive
    豁然  huò rán OC: qhʷaad njen MC: hʷɑt ȵiɛn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiinchoativebecome like open space, broaden (the perspective of one's mind) (in Zen texts often used for describing an enlightenment experience, metaphorically comparing it to the unobstructedness of open space)
    淺  qiǎn MC: tshjenX OC: tshenʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNbroad: of one's belt, the broadness of which makes the garment to be tied in a "shallow" way (XUN, Zhang Jue et alii: contended, for others e.g. 'narrow')LZ
    博大  bó dà MC: pak dajH OC: paaɡ daads 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPifigurativebroad and wide-reaching (knowledge, intelligence, spirit)LZ
    寬博  kuān bó OC: khoon paaɡ MC: khʷɑn pɑk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNspacious
    閎大  hóng dà OC: ɡʷrɯɯŋ daads MC: ɦɣɛŋ dɑi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactbe broad and comprehensive in what one does
    袤  mào OC: moos MC: mu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibroad in extent
    泱泱  yāng yāng OC: qaŋ qaŋ MC: ʔi̯ɐŋ ʔi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • videep and wide; broad; widespread ????
    博通  bó tōng OC: paaɡ kh-looŋ MC: pɑk thuŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPifigurativebroad and varied
    恢  huī OC: khʷɯɯ MC: khuo̝i 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vi(poetic, the word is often reduplicated:) stretch over a vast space
    • vifigurativebe broad in culture
    拓  tuò OC: thaaɡ MC: thɑk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativeexpand (a territory)
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadNfigurativevast and apparently insubstantialCH
    敞  chǎng OC: thjaŋʔ MC: tɕhi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vispacious, open (like an open area)
    漭  mǎng OC: maaŋʔ MC: mɑŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibroad vast (as of a landscape view)
    灝  hào OC: ɡuuʔ MC: ɦɑu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe vast, of water areas???
    紹  shào OC: ɡ-lewʔ MC: dʑiɛu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativeexpand (intelligence/understanding)