BROAD 廣博
BIG in the MORE SMALL HORIZONTAL DIRECTION:dimension.
Old Chinese Criteria
2. Bó 博 (ant. yuē 約 "confined") is primarily metaphorical in application, and its concrete senses applied to physical objects are derived senses of the word only.
3. Kuàng 曠 adds to the feature of broadness and wide space that of emptiness.
4. Kuò 闊 (ant. xiá 狹 "narrow") adds to the concept of broadness of spatial extent that of remote distance, and the word was late to enter the pre-Buddhist language.
5. Kuān 寬 (ant. zhǎi 窄 "narrow") is recorded as meaning "broad" in SHUOWEN and is so used in HOUHANSHU, but the word was predominantly used in metaphorical senses like "broad-minded, forgiving, not strict", and related to huì 惠 "generous".
Modern Chinese Criteria
廣博
遼闊
寬闊
開闊
寥闊
遼闊
遼落
廣大
廣泛
廣闊
廣敞
廣漠
廣
曠
寬曠
曠蕩
空曠
空闊
空廓
遼廓
寥廓
蒼茫
荒漠
浩蕩
浩瀚
浩渺
彌漫
滄溟
茫茫
蕩蕩
莽莽
漠漠
恢恢
連天
鴻洞
洪洞
萬頃
漫瀾
無邊
無涯
無垠
無際
無邊無際
漫無邊際
茫無涯際
奧博
廣博
淵博
賅博 (lit) refers figuratively to broadness of learning.
奧博 (lit) refers figuratively to profound and broad erudition.
博
博大
淹博
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH /
- A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages
(
BUCK 1988)
p.
12.61 - “荀子”單音節形容詞同義關係研究
(
HUANG XIAODONG 2003)
p.
87 - Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik
(
SCHMIDT 1889)
p.
104 - 東漢﹣隨常用詞演變研究
(
WANG WEIHUI 2000)
p.
371 - 王力古漢語字典
(
WANG LI 2000)
p.
1571 闊,寬
- Using Chinese Synonyms
(
GRACE ZHANG 2010)
p.
161 - Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary
(
TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996)
p.
156 - Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary
(
TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996)
p.
279
Words
廣 guǎng OC: kʷaaŋʔ MC: kɑŋ 51 AttributionsWD
The standard general word is guǎng 廣 (ant. xiá 狹 "narrow") referring to anything of get spatial extension, also in various metaphorical senses.
- Word relations
- Subject: 地/TERRITORY
Dì 地 refers to a well-defined bounded piece of territory. - Ant: 狹/NARROW
The current general word for narrowness is xiá 狹 (ant. kuān 寬 "broad") which refers quite generally to the small size of any opening. - Epithet: 地/EARTH
The current general term for the earth or land is dì 地 (ant. tiān 天"Heaven"). - Contrast: 博/BROAD
Bó 博 (ant. yuē 約 "confined") is primarily metaphorical in application, and its concrete senses applied to physical objects are derived senses of the word only. - Contrast: 大/BROAD
- Assoc: 浩/BIG
- Syntactic words
- nabfeaturewidth
- nabgradedCHEMLA 2003: comparative width; the comparatively wider partJZ 5.1, Liu Hui's comm: 損廣補狹 "one reduces the comparatively wider part and compensatorily increases the comparatively narrower part"
- nabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: width In JZ 廣 does not always refer to the smaller side of the rectangle, but regularly refers to the dimension in the east-west direction. By the time of the commentator Li Chunfeng, this has changed, and 廣 has come to refer to the smaller dimension irrespective of its directionality.
- npost-Nmathematical termthe width of NVK
- v[adN]figurativewhat is broad in scope and importanceCH
- vadNbroad, spacious
- vadNfigurativeexpansive, far-reaching; well-developedCH
- vadVfigurativewidely; broadly; on a broad scale; in a wide-ranging manner
- vichangebecome braoder> expand, be expanding
- vifigurativebe broad of vision and ambition
- vifigurativebe widespread; reach far and wideCH
- vigradedbe wide and large, spacious (as a dwelling, or a territory)
- vt+Nstativebe broad to the extent of, be as broad as
- vtoNcausativeexpand, make larger
- vtoNfigurative, causativebroaden
- vtoNreflexive.自broaden what (one) has, create room for (oneself), be expansive about (oneself)
博 bó OC: paaɡ MC: pɑk 39 AttributionsWD
Bó 博 (ant. yuē 約 "confined") is primarily metaphorical in application, and its concrete senses applied to physical objects are derived senses of the word only.
- Word relations
- Result: 學/STUDY
The dominant word is xué 學 (ant. jiào 教 "train teach")which refers primarily to studying or training under another person, and secondarily to the learning by heart texts. Very often, the word retains a tinge of immitation. - Ant: 淺/SHALLOW
- Ant: 約/RESTRAIN
The current general word for restraining something or someone is yuē 約 (ant. zòng 縱 "give free rein to"). - Ant: 約/SMALL
- Object: 道術/PHILOSOPHY
- Epithet: 學/STUDY
The dominant word is xué 學 (ant. jiào 教 "train teach")which refers primarily to studying or training under another person, and secondarily to the learning by heart texts. Very often, the word retains a tinge of immitation. - Epithet: 帶/BELT
The current general word is dài 帶 which refers to any belt worn on the hip, and this belt may be of leather, silk or any other fabric. Note that dài 帶 alone is often used to refer to shēn 紳. [GENERAL], [PROSAIC]; [[COMMON]] - Contrast: 廣/BROAD
The standard general word is guǎng 廣 (ant. xiá 狹 "narrow") referring to anything of get spatial extension, also in various metaphorical senses. - Contrast: 詳/DETAILED
The current general word for detail is xiáng 詳 (ant. lè 略 "without proper detail" and yào 要 "only in main outline").
- Syntactic words
- nabfeaturebroadness, wide-reaching qualityLZ
- v[adN]figurativewhat is of broad importanceCH
- vadNbroad (learning)
- vadNphysically broad, wide (of territories or belts etc)CH
- vadNfigurativewide-reaching
- vadVfigurativeon a large scale, broadly; from a wide variety of sources; in a wide variety of ways
- vibe large (of a state); be large (of an area of any kind)
- vifigurativebe broad, be not narrow (of learning or knowledge), comprehensive, wide-ranging
- viprocessbe broadly/widely manifestedCH
- vtoNcausativecause to be broad> broaden, widen (also transferred senses)
- vtoNfigurativehave broad learning with respect to
廣狹 guǎng xiá OC: kʷaaŋʔ ɡreeb MC: kɑŋ ɦɣɛp 7 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPab{nab1ant.nab2}featurerelative size (of territory or cloth)
寬 kuān OC: khoon MC: khʷɑn 4 AttributionsWD
Kuān 寬 (ant. zhǎi 窄 "narrow") is recorded as meaning "broad" in SHUOWEN and is so used in HOUHANSHU, but the word was predominantly used in metaphorical senses like "broad-minded, forgiving, not strict", and related to huì 惠 "generous".
- Word relations
- Ant: 狹/NARROW
The current general word for narrowness is xiá 狹 (ant. kuān 寬 "broad") which refers quite generally to the small size of any opening. - Assoc: 容/CONTAIN
Róng 容 refers to the making room for and thus containing or having space for something, and the word is also used abstractly. [GENERAL]
- Syntactic words
- vibe broad, spacious (like a river)
- viactbe bent on expansion, be expansive in action
- vifigurativelarge-hearted, non-petty; broad-minded
- vtoNcausativecause (oneself) to be broad-minded> take heart
普 pǔ OC: phaaʔ MC: phuo̝ 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadNwide-spread> broad, expansive
周 zhōu OC: tjɯw MC: tɕɨu 3 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Ant: 比/PARTIAL
Bǐ 比 (ant. zhōu 周 "catholic") refers to partiality in the context of political cooperation.
- Syntactic words
- vifigurativerange widely, range universally; be catholic
大 dà OC: daads MC: dɑi 2 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Contrast: 廣/BROAD
The standard general word is guǎng 廣 (ant. xiá 狹 "narrow") referring to anything of get spatial extension, also in various metaphorical senses. - Assoc: 闊/BROAD
Kuò 闊 (ant. xiá 狹 "narrow") adds to the concept of broadness of spatial extent that of remote distance, and the word was late to enter the pre-Buddhist language.
- Syntactic words
- vadNfigurativeoverallCH
- vibe large in extent
幅 fú OC: pɯɡ MC: puk 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabfeaturewidth (of a ribbon); standard width of cloth for sale
廓 kuò OC: khʷaaɡ MC: khɑk 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadNfigurativevast far-reaching (discourse etc)CH
- vtoNcausativebroaden
弘 hóng OC: ɡʷɯɯŋ MC: ɦəŋ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadVbroadly, all-encompassinglyLZ
- vadVfigurativewith a broad perspective
曠 kuàng OC: khʷaaŋs MC: khɑŋ 2 AttributionsWD
Kuàng 曠 adds to the feature of broadness and wide space that of emptiness.
- Word relations
- Epithet: 野/COUNTRYSIDE
The current general word for the undelimited non-urban areas is yě 野 (ant. yì 邑 "urbanised settlement").
- Syntactic words
- nabstativefigurative, poetic: broadness of perspective; immensity
- vadNwide; broad; vast
- viextensive, expansive, wide open
開 kāi OC: khɯɯl MC: khəi 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcausativeopen the way for, expand
閑 xián OC: ɢreen MC: ɦɣɛn 2 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Ant: 陋/NARROW
Lòu 陋 (ant.* kuò 闊 "in grand style") refers only indirectly to narrowness e.g. of a street as an indication of its undistinguished character. The word focusses on this undistinguished character and is quite marginal in this group.
- Syntactic words
- vifigurativebe broad and wide-ranging in culture
- vtoNfigurativebe broad (-ly learned) with respect to > have a wide-ranging knowledge of
廣博 guǎng bó OC: kʷaaŋʔ paaɡ MC: kɑŋ pɑk 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadNspacious
- VPiactbe wide-ranging in what one does
廣大 guǎng dà OC: kʷaaŋʔ daads MC: kɑŋ dɑi 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPibe broad and wide-ranging
寥廓 liáo kuò MC: lew khwak OC: ɡ-rɯɯw khʷaaɡCH 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabvast void spaceCH
- NPadNfigurativevast and apparently insubstantialCH
擴 kuò OC: khʷaaɡ MC: khɑk 1 AttributionWD
kuò
- Syntactic words
- vtoNextend (something); develop (something) into a proper extent
啟 qǐ OC: kheeʔ MC: khei 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcausativebroaden, widen, extend
氾 fàn OC: phoms MC: phi̯ɐm 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vifigurativebroad
泛 fàn OC: phoms MC: phi̯ɐm 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vi.red-V:adNPab{S}broad in orientation, comprehensive
訏 xū OC: qhʷla MC: hi̯o 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vi.redbe broad and large
闊 kuò OC: khood MC: khʷɑt 1 AttributionWD
Kuò 闊 (ant. xiá 狹 "narrow") adds to the concept of broadness of spatial extent that of remote distance, and the word was late to enter the pre-Buddhist language.
- Syntactic words
- vadNbroad
- viwide, broad; SHI 31: widely separated, very distant
寬博 kuān bó OC: khoon paaɡ MC: khʷɑn pɑk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadNspacious
寬廣 kuān guǎng OC: khoon kʷaaŋʔ MC: khʷɑn kɑŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPispacious (without hindrance)
廓然 kuò rán OC: khʷaaɡ njen MC: khɑk ȵiɛn 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadVfrom a broad angle, in a vast perspective;
廣莫 guǎng mò OC: kʷaaŋʔ maaɡ MC: kɑŋ mɑk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPibe very vast
豁然 huò rán OC: qhʷaad njen MC: hʷɑt ȵiɛn 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiinchoativebecome like open space, broaden (the perspective of one's mind) (in Zen texts often used for describing an enlightenment experience, metaphorically comparing it to the unobstructedness of open space)
閎大 hóng dà OC: ɡʷrɯɯŋ daads MC: ɦɣɛŋ dɑi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiactbe broad and comprehensive in what one does
寥 liáo MC: lew OC: ɡ-rɯɯwCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vadNvast and apparently emptyCH
蕩 dàng 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vi.red-V:adNPab{S}broadly, greatlyLZ
薄薄 báo bó báo báo bó báo MC: bak bak OC: baaɡ baaɡLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadN= pu3pu3 溥溥: evoking the idea of great broadnessLZ
恢然 huī rán MC: khwoj nyen OC: khʷɯɯ njenLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPifigurativebe all-encompassingLZ
淺 qiǎn MC: tshjenX OC: tshenʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vadNbroad: of one's belt, the broadness of which makes the garment to be tied in a "shallow" way (XUN, Zhang Jue et alii: contended, for others e.g. 'narrow')LZ
博大 bó dà MC: pak dajH OC: paaɡ daadsLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPifigurativebroad and wide-reaching (knowledge, intelligence, spirit)LZ
汎 fàn MC: phjomH OC: phlomsCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vi=氾 all-embracing in rangeCH
嘏 jiǎ MC: kaeX OC: kraaʔCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- nabvast reach 瑕(xiá):广阔辽远。CH
襃 bāo MC: paw OC: puuCH 1 AttributionWD
- Word relations
- Epithet: 衣/GARMENT
The current general word for garments of any kind is yī 衣, and the word refers specifically to the upper garments like jackets rather than the lower garments like skirts. [HUANG 1995: 711 - 712]
- Syntactic words
- vadNloose, billowing (garments)CH
恢 huī OC: khʷɯɯ MC: khuo̝i 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vi(poetic, the word is often reduplicated:) stretch over a vast space
- vifigurativebe broad in culture
拓 tuò OC: thaaɡ MC: thɑk 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcausativeexpand (a territory)
敞 chǎng OC: thjaŋʔ MC: tɕhi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vispacious, open (like an open area)
漭 mǎng OC: maaŋʔ MC: mɑŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vibroad vast (as of a landscape view)
灝 hào OC: ɡuuʔ MC: ɦɑu 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vibe vast, of water areas???
紹 shào OC: ɡ-lewʔ MC: dʑiɛu 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcausativeexpand (intelligence/understanding)
袤 mào OC: moos MC: mu 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vibroad in extent
博通 bó tōng OC: paaɡ kh-looŋ MC: pɑk thuŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPifigurativebroad and varied
泱泱 yāng yāng OC: qaŋ qaŋ MC: ʔi̯ɐŋ ʔi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- videep and wide; broad; widespread ????
Click here to add pinyin MC: OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadNfigurativevast and apparently insubstantialCH
Existing SW for
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