PHILOSOPHY  哲學

SYSTEMATIC STUDY AIMING for WISDOM AND AIMING to be BASED on SYSTEMATIC EXPLAIN:explanation AND PROVE:proof.
Hypernym
  • STUDYINVESTIGATE THINGS OR IMITATE ANOTHER so as to STRIVE FOR SKILLFULNESS, KNOWING AND UNDERSTANDING.
    • IMITATECONFORM to TYPICAL ACTIONS of a HUMAN OR ANIMAL so as to RESEMBLE THAT HUMAN OR ANIMAL.
      • CONFORMACT so as to NOT to OFFEND against RULES OR a MODEL.
        • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision....
See also
Hyponym
  • METAPHYSICS　PHILOSOPHY which SYSTEMATICALLY INVESTIGATES the PRINCIPLES of EXISTENCE.
    • ETHICS　PRINCIPLES IN-RELATION-TO the JUDGMENT of BEHAVIOUR as MORE OR LESS GOOD OR MORE OR LESS BAD.
      • CULTURE　SYSTEM of MORALITY, AESTHETIC SENSIBILITIES, AND CUSTOMS in a SOCIETY....
    • LOGIC　SYSTEMATIC SCIENCE of CORRECT PROOF.
      • BUDDHISM　PHILOSOPHY OR RELIGION BASED ON THE TEACHING of the BUDDHA
        Old Chinese Criteria
        1. Xué 學 can refer to the systematic study of the fundamentals of life, which is typically taken to involve the emulation of a master.

        2. Jiā 家 can refer to the bibliographic classification of philosophical lineage or school of thought, especially from Han times onwards, as in the six schools (liù jiā 六家 ) of "philosophy" discussed by the father of Chinese historiography, Sīmǎ Tán 司馬談.

        2. Dàoxué 道學 can refer to the pursuit of Taoist or Confucian philosophy (but the term also refers to the pursuit of Taoist religious practices) from Tang times onwards.

        Modern Chinese Criteria
        哲學

        rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／ For a good list of modern terminology see the database by Amelung, Kurtz, and Lackner on modern Chinese sciencific terminology.

        • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

          PHILOSOPHIA

        • Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache ( MAUTHNER WP 1924) p. II.42

        • Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache ( MAUTHNER WP 1924) p. II.571

        • Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache ( MAUTHNER WP 1924) p. III.429

          WELTANSCHAUUNG

        • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 3.1654

        • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 7.572

          PHILOSOPHIE

        • Das grosse China-Lexikon ( STAIGER 2003) p. 563

        • Historisches Woerterbuch der Rhetorik ( UEDING 1992ff) p. 6.968

        • Keywords. A Vocabulary of Culture and Society ( WILLIAMS 1976) p.

        • Histoire des moeurs ( POIRIER 1991) p. 2.1488- 1544

        Attributions by syntactic funtion

        • NPab : 67
        • NP : 11
        • NPab.adN : 8
        • NP{PRED} : 1
        • VPi : 1

        Attributions by text

        • 漢書 : 12
        • 太平經 : 12
        • 莊子 : 8
        • 淮南子 : 7
        • 論衡 : 6
        • 呂氏春秋 : 5
        • 韓詩外傳 : 4
        • 長短經 : 4
        • 文子 : 3
        • 晏子春秋 : 3
        • 管子 : 3
        • 東觀漢記 : 3
        • 史記 : 2
        • 鹽鐵論 : 2
        • 韓非子 : 2
        • 墨子 : 2
        • 尸子 : 2
        • 蔡中郎集 : 1
        • 荀子 : 1
        • 太平廣記 : 1
        • 黃帝內經 : 1
        • 新語 : 1
        • 妙法蓮華經 : 1
        • 孔叢子 : 1
        • 前漢紀 : 1

        Words

        道術  dào shù OC: ɡ-luuʔ ɢljud MC: dɑu ʑʷit 68 AttributionsWD

          Word relations
        • Object: 求索/SEEK
        • Object: 知/UNDERSTAND The standard current and word for understanding something and knowing how to do something is zhī 知 (ant. mèi 昧 "not have the foggiest idea")
        • Object: 求/SEEK The current general word for trying to find or get something is qiú 求.
        • Object: 修 / 脩/CULTIVATE The current general term for cultivating something or refining it is xiū 修 (from Han times onwards sometimes also miswritten as xiū 脩, ant.* màn 慢 "neglect the cultivation of").
        • Object: 積/ACCUMULATE The current general word for accumulating anything concrete or abstract is jī 積 (ant. sǎn 散 "be dispersed"). [LARGE-SCALE], [LASTING]
        • Object: 申/EXPLAIN
        • Object: 博/BROAD Bó 博 (ant. yuē 約 "confined") is primarily metaphorical in application, and its concrete senses applied to physical objects are derived senses of the word only.
        • Epithet: 通明/CLEAR
        • Epithet: 美 / 媄 / 媺/BEAUTIFUL The general word is měi 美 "handsome and admirable" (ant. è 惡 "ugly") which refers to anything concrete or abstract which is attractive or handsome in a dignified way, and the word often retains its primary culinary sense of "tasty". [GENERAL], [GRADED]; [[COMMON]]
        • Epithet: 先王/RULER the conventionally defined closed set of early kings
        • Epithet: 精 / 菁/EXCELLENT Jīng 精 (of general application) (ant. cū 粗 "of only rough quality") and ruì 銳(typically applied to military prowess) (ant. dùn 鈍 "of lesser quality") refer to above-average performance without suggestion individual excellence.
        • Contrast: 德行/VIRTUE

          Syntactic words
        • NPab.adNlearned in philosophy; regarding matters of (the true) philosophyCH
        • NPabmethodphilosophy; philosophies (also奇方道術 “strange philosophies, or even philosophies from strange places?？）
        • NPabtrue(the) true philosophyCH
        • NPabtrue medicaltrue medical philosophyCH
        道術之士  dào shù zhī shì MC: dawX zywit tsyi dzriX OC: ɡ-luuʔ ɢljud kljɯ dzrɯʔCH 6 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPagentphilosopher; philosophersCH
        道學  dào xué MC: dawX haewk OC: ɡ-luuʔ ɡruuɡCH 4 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabphilosophical (traditional) learningCH
        墨家  mò jiā OC: mɯɯɡ kraa MC: mək kɣɛ 2 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPMohism
        道術度量  dào shù dù liàng MC: dawX zywit duH ljangH OC: ɡ-luuʔ ɢljud ɡ-laaɡs ɡ-raŋsCH 2 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabphilosophical criterion, philosophical measure of truthCH
        儒家  rú jiā OC: njo kraa MC: ȵi̯o kɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPConfucianism
        欲智  yù zhì OC: k-loɡ tes MC: ji̯ok ʈiɛ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPidesire to be wise; desire to become wise
        三藏學  sān zàng xué OC: saam sɡaaŋs ɡruuɡ MC: sɑm dzɑŋ ɦɣɔk 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabpsychBUDDH: specialisation in the three baskets of Buddhist texts
        道術士  dào shù shì MC: dawX zywit dzriX OC: ɡ-luuʔ ɢljud dzrɯʔCH 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPagentscholar learned in a philosophy, in the true philosophyCH
        道術之人  dào shù zhī rén MC: dawX zywit tsyi nyin OC: ɡ-luuʔ ɢljud kljɯ njinCH 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPmen trained in philosophyCH
        慕道術人  mù dào shù rén MC: muH dawX zywit nyin OC: maaɡs ɡ-luuʔ ɢljud njinCH 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • NP{PRED}agentbe a philosopher, be a person with a philosophical trainingCH
        道家  dào jiā OC: ɡ-luuʔ kraa MC: dɑu kɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabpsychTaoism
        道教  dào jiào OC: ɡ-luuʔ kruus MC: dɑu kɣɛu 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabactmoral teaching; philosophy

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