WICKED  邪惡惡

MORALLY BAD.
EVILSINFULIMMORALWRONGMORALLY WRONGWRONGFULBADINIQUITOUSCORRUPTBASEMEANVILEVILLAINOUSNEFARIOUSERRINGFOULMONSTROUSSHOCKINGOUTRAGEOUSATROCIOUSABOMINABLEDEPRAVEDREPREHENSIBLEHATEFULDETESTABLEDESPICABLEODIOUSCONTEMPTIBLEHORRIBLEHEINOUSEGREGIOUSEXECRABLEFIENDISHVICIOUSMURDEROUSBLACK-HEARTEDBARBAROUSCRIMINALILLICITUNLAWFULILLEGALLAWLESSFELONIOUSDISHONESTUNSCRUPULOUSLAW MALFEASANTINFORMAL CROOKEDDATED DASTARDLY
Antonym
  • CORRECTAPPROPRIATE so as to FIT the FACTS or the PRINCIPLES PERFECTLY.
    • GOODEXCELLENT in VIRTUE OR in IMPORTANT SKILL.
      Hypernym
      • BADThe FEATURE of being NOT EXCELLENT OR GOOD.
        • FEATUREABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE.
          • OBJECT[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to.
      See also
      • GUILTRESPONSIBILITY FOR ONE'S AVOIDABLE PAST BAD ACT. 
        • CRIMEWICKED ACT OFFENDING INTENSELY against an IMPORTANT LAW.
          • SHAMESOCIAL EMOTION OF REGRET one's SELF:own FEATURES, ACTS OR ATTITUDES which one BELIEVES to have been BAD.
            Hyponym
            • CRAFTY　WICKEDLY INTELLIGENT AND TENDENCY:tending to DECEIVE.
              • CRUEL　VIOLENT AND WICKED so as to DELIGHT in INJURING OR DAMAGING OTHERS.
                • DISLOYAL　Be WICKED so as to LACK APPROPRIATE FAITHFULNESS.
                  • SELFISH　WICKED so as to STRIVE FOR ONLY one's SELF:own PROFIT.
                    • VICE　WICKEDNESS as an ENDURING BAD MORAL FEATURE of a HUMAN.
                      • SIN　VICE OR CRIME OFFENDING AGAINST DEITIES....
                      • GLUTTONY　VICE of EATing EXCESSIVELY.
                    • SCOUNDREL　INTENSELY WICKED PERSON
                      Old Chinese Criteria
                      1. The most current and general word for wickedness is probably è 惡 (ant. shàn 善 "good"), but it must be noted that in early texts the word is more current in the meaning of physical ugliness.

                      2. Xié 邪 (ant. zhèng 正 "straight and in no way wicked") typically involves nuances of sinister evil influences in addition to plain human depravity.

                      3. Suì 祟 (ant. xiáng 祥 "of the good innocuous kind") refers to sinister supernatural wicked forces operating in the human world.

                      4. Yāo 妖 (ant. jí 吉 "of a generally auspicious nature") typically implies nuances of seductive or beguiling qualities coexisting with wickedness.

                      5. Jiān 姦 (ant. liáng 良 "of the good sort, decent") refers to sheer human depravity with no supernatural or sinister overtones.

                      6. Chǒu 醜 (ant. měi 美 "of commendable moral quality") often refers to something rather like moral ugliness and depravity in early texts, but from Han times onwards the word comes to refer to physical ugliness].

                      7. Qū 曲 (ant. duān 端 "straight and unwarped") refers to warped crookedness and lack of moral straightness.

                      8. Wú 污 (ant. jié 潔 "morally pure and spotless") refers to moral defilement or moral impurity.

                      9. Liè 劣 (ant. ) refers to moral inferiority as opposed to excellence.

                      10. Pì 僻 (ant. ) refers to

                      11. Jiāo 姣 refers to wickedness coupled with cunning, scheming and malice.

                      12. Xiǎn 險 is occasionally used to refer to the type of wickedness that is a danger to the group or the state.

                      13. Wāi 歪 (ant. zhí 直 "morally straight") refers to wickedness under the image of moral warpedness and and deviation from a straight proper norm.

                      14. Xiōng 凶 refers to a baneful wickedness that bodes ill for the future.

                      15. Chǐ 恥 refers to something that is a public disgrace. See SHAME.

                      Modern Chinese Criteria
                      凶惡

                      凶狠

                      凶橫

                      凶暴

                      強暴

                      橫暴

                      凶悍

                      邪惡

                      惡

                      凶

                      惡狠狠

                      狠三狠四

                      殺氣騰騰

                      咬牙切齒

                      凶相畢露

                      滿臉橫肉

                      窮凶極惡

                      金剛努目

                      橫眉怒目

                      鷹視狼步

                      橫眉豎眼

                      齜牙咧嘴

                      青面獠牙

                      張牙舞爪

                      卑鄙無恥

                      rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

                      • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 575

                      • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 16.72

                      • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 85

                        SCELERATUS, SCELESTUS, SCELEROSUS

                        507. Sic interpretes Terentii act. IV, scen. 3, Eunuch.: Scelerosus, est multorum: scelestus, vel unius: scelerosus, proprie auctor sceleris: sceleratus, in quo scelus sit commissum, vel constitutum.

                        ]

                        507. Inter Sceleratum, scelestum, et scelerosum. Grammatici dicunt sceleratum illum esse in quo fit [ Al., sit] scelus; ut Cicero: O te [Al., tu] scelerate, qui subactus et prostitutus es. Scelestum autem per quem fit. Ut Terentius: scelesta, ovem lupo commisisti. Scelerosus, qui facit: ut idem: Ego illum scelerosum misera nolens pertuli. Sed haec auctores non usquequaque custodiunt.

                        86

                        IMPIUS, PECCATOR

                        298. Ex Ambrosio.

                        Ibid. Haec est ratio cur sanctissimi Patres docent impios in extremo judicio non esse judicandos, quia jam judicati sunt, sed eos qui medii sunt inter pios et impios. Vide Prudentiana mea, n. 179. [AREV.]

                        ]

                        298. Inter Impium et peccatorem hoc distare solet, quod omnis impius peccator, non tamen omnis peccator impius habendus est. Impius quippe est quisquis a fidei pietate alienus efficitur, peccator vero qui prava actione foedatur.

                        87

                        PECCATOR, IMMUNDUS

                        424. Inter Peccatorem et immundum, quod omnis peccator immundus est; non tamen omnis immundus peccator. Peccator enim est qui transgreditur [col. 53B] praecepta Dei, et necesse est hunc et immundum esse quia transgreditur. Immundus autem est et qui 55 cum uxore sua dormierit, aut mortuum tetigerit, non tamen ideo peccator est.

                        121

                        MALITIA, MALIGNITAS

                        358. Sic Cicero, III de Natur. deor.: Est enim malitia versuta et fallax nocendi ratio.

                        ]

                        358. Inter Malitiam et malignitatem. Cogitatio quippe prava mentis malitia dicitur, malitiae votum vel opus malignitas appellatur.

                      • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 338

                      • “荀子”單音節形容詞同義關係研究 ( HUANG XIAODONG 2003) p. 184

                      • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

                        IMPIETAS/IMPROBITAS

                        IMPUDENTIA

                        IMPUDICITIA

                        MALITIA

                      • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 300/301

                      • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 1.194

                        BOSHEIT

                      • Theophrast, Charaktere ( THEOPHRASTUS 1960) p. no. 29

                      • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1499

                        醜，丑，惡

                      • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 415

                        邪，斜

                        1. WL's claim that 斜 is freely used figuratively does not correspond to what we have found. The distinction in the graphs from early times is that the first is figurative and moral in meaning, the second literal and spatial.

                      • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 55

                        1. WL notes correctly the interchangeability of 凶 and xio1ng 兇 in the meaning "wicked", although this does not of course affect the pre-Buddhist stage of the language, where the latter meaning is absent.

                      • The Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( BORCHERT 2005) p.

                        EVIL

                      • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

                        WICKED

                      • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.387:258

                        DESHONNETE.MALHONETE

                      • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.153.106

                        MALICE.MIGNITE.MECHANCETE

                      • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.229.187

                        MALIN.MAUVAIS.MECHANT.MALICIEUX;

                      • New Dictiornary of the History of Ideas, 6 vols. ( HOROWITZ 2005) p.

                        EVIL

                      • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 62A

                      Words

                      姦  jiān OC: kraan MC: kɣan 104 AttributionsWD

                      Jiān 姦 (ant. liáng 良 "of the good sort, decent") refers to sheer human depravity and moral incompetence with no supernatural or sinister overtones.

                        Word relations
                      • Ant: 功/MERIT The current general word for achievements of any kind is gōng 功.
                      • Ant: 善/GOOD The general term for positive appraisal of any kind in Chinese is shàn 善 (ant. è 惡 "bad").
                      • Ant: 貞/FAITHFUL Zhēn 貞 refers to sturdy moral reliability based on inner conviction.
                      • Ant: 德/VIRTUE The current general term for salient features and principles of charismatic moral integrity and generosity is dé 德, when used as a term of ethical evalutation; but this word has many other philosophically important meanings.
                      • Ant: 良/EXCELLENT The standard current general word for anything or anyone who naturally meets certain generally accepted high standards of excellence is liáng 良 (ant. liè 劣 "inferior").
                      • Object: 禁/FORBID The current dominant general word referring to public prohibition is jìn 禁 (ant. quàn 勸 "encourage").
                      • Epithet: 臣/MINISTER The general word for a government minister at any level and of any kind is chén 臣, generically rén chén 人臣.
                      • Contrast: 凶/WICKED Xiōng 凶 refers to a baneful wickedness that bodes ill for the future.
                      • Contrast: 賊/VILLAIN The most general and comprehensive term for a villain is zéi 賊, and the basic association is with the damage he does. There is no special association with murder or thievery
                      • Assoc: 智/CRAFTY The most general word for craftiness as a negative quality is zhì 智, although very confusingly, this word can also refer to positive wisdom as a virtue.
                      • Assoc: 邪/WICKED Xié 邪 (ant. zhèng 正 "straight and in no way wicked") typically involves nuances of sinister evil influences in addition to plain human depravity.
                      • Assoc: 私/SELFISH The standard word for selfishness in classical Chinese is sī 私.
                      • Synon: 邪/WICKED Xié 邪 (ant. zhèng 正 "straight and in no way wicked") typically involves nuances of sinister evil influences in addition to plain human depravity.

                        Syntactic words
                      • nab.post-V{NUM}types of wickedness
                      • nabactacts of wickedness, villainy, villainous behaviour; moral incompetence
                      • v[adN]a wicked person; (certain) wicked people; morally incompetent people
                      • v[adN]nonreferentialwicked person; moral incompetent person
                      • vadNwicked, depraved; morally incompetent
                      • vibe villainous, be wicked (ministers); improper (gains etc); be morally incompetent
                      邪  xié OC: sɢlja MC: zɣɛ 77 AttributionsWD

                      Xié 邪 (ant. zhèng 正 "straight and in no way wicked") typically involves nuances of sinister evil influences in addition to plain human depravity.

                        Word relations
                      • Ant: 善/GOOD The general term for positive appraisal of any kind in Chinese is shàn 善 (ant. è 惡 "bad").
                      • Ant: 忠/FAITHFUL Zhōng 忠 refers to a selfless effort on behalf of the person to whom one takes oneself to owe loyalty, and this person may be either a ruler or a friend.
                      • Ant: 直/GOOD Zhí 直 (ant. qǔ 曲 "devious") refers to moral straightforwardness and uprightness.
                      • Ant: 美/GOOD
                      • Ant: 正/CORRECT The standard word for conformity with an established standard of behavioural or physical allignment zhèng 正(ant. xié 邪).
                      • Object: 禁/FORBID The current dominant general word referring to public prohibition is jìn 禁 (ant. quàn 勸 "encourage").
                      • Epithet: 心/MIND The general word for the mental sphere of man is xīn 心 "HEART> mind" (ant. xíng 形 "physical shape, body", tǐ 體 "limbs, body").
                      • Epithet: 臣/MINISTER The general word for a government minister at any level and of any kind is chén 臣, generically rén chén 人臣.
                      • Contrast: 失/MISTAKE The most current general word for a mistake is probably shī 失 (ant. dé 得 "get things right") refers generally to an inadvertent mistake in action, and normally of minor kind.
                      • Assoc: 姦/WICKED Jiān 姦 (ant. liáng 良 "of the good sort, decent") refers to sheer human depravity and moral incompetence with no supernatural or sinister overtones.
                      • Assoc: 惡/WICKED The most current and general word for wickedness is probably è 惡 (ant. shàn 善 "good"), but it must be noted that in early texts the word is more current in the meaning of physical ugliness.
                      • Assoc: 巧/CRAFTY Qiǎo 巧 (ant. zhuó 拙 "inept") is very common and emphasises the element of skill involved.
                      • Assoc: 私/SELFISH The standard word for selfishness in classical Chinese is sī 私.
                      • Assoc: 偽/CHEAT Wěi 偽 (ant. zhēn 真 "true, unfaked") is dissumulation and pretense, not necessarily with an intent to harm others.
                      • Assoc: 污/WICKED Wú 污 (ant. jié 潔 "morally pure and spotless") refers to moral defilement or moral impurity.
                      • Synon: 姦/WICKED Jiān 姦 (ant. liáng 良 "of the good sort, decent") refers to sheer human depravity and moral incompetence with no supernatural or sinister overtones.

                        Syntactic words
                      • nab.post-V{NUM}wickednesses
                      • nabactwicked activities; heterodox practices
                      • nabstativedeviation; impropriety; wickedness
                      • v[adN]subject nominalisation: something that is wicked; something that is heterodox
                      • v[adN]N=humthe wicked (people)
                      • v[adN]nonreferentialthose who are wicked
                      • vadNwicked; uncorrect; heterodox, heretical
                      • vibe deviant and evil, unacceptable, pernicious; be contrary to the norm; of people, occasionally: be wayward
                      • vt(oN)causativecause to be wickedTWH
                      不善  bù shàn OC: pɯʔ ɡjenʔ MC: pi̯ut dʑiɛn 56 AttributionsWD

                        Word relations
                      • Ant: 善/GOOD The general term for positive appraisal of any kind in Chinese is shàn 善 (ant. è 惡 "bad").

                        Syntactic words
                      • NPabfeaturebadness, depravityCH
                      • VP(adN)litotesthe contextual N that is evilCH
                      • VP[adN]litotes, N=humanthe bad, the wicked
                      • VP[adNab]litoteswickedness, bad actions; an action that is not good
                      • VPadNlitotesinferior, bad 不善人，不善之性
                      • VPilitotesbe wicked; be abominable
                      惡  è OC: qaaɡ MC: ʔɑk 50 AttributionsWD

                      The most current and general word for wickedness is probably è 惡 (ant. shàn 善 "good"), but it must be noted that in early texts the word is more current in the meaning of physical ugliness.

                        Word relations
                      • Ant: 德/VIRTUE The current general term for salient features and principles of charismatic moral integrity and generosity is dé 德, when used as a term of ethical evalutation; but this word has many other philosophically important meanings.
                      • Ant: 罪/CRIME The current general word for a serious legal transgression is zuì 罪 (ant. gōng 功 "merit"), and the current general word for a minor legal transgression is guò 過 (ant. xiào 效 "positive contribution").
                      • Ant: 聖/WISE Shèng 聖 (ant. yōng 庸 "mediocre") refers to supreme sagehood and perfection of character.
                      • Contrast: 過/CRIME The current general word for a serious legal transgression is zuì 罪 (ant. gōng 功 "merit"), and the current general word for a minor legal transgression is guò 過 (ant. xiào 效 "positive contribution").
                      • Contrast: 罪/CRIME The current general word for a serious legal transgression is zuì 罪 (ant. gōng 功 "merit"), and the current general word for a minor legal transgression is guò 過 (ant. xiào 效 "positive contribution").
                      • Contrast: 過/CRIME The current general word for a serious legal transgression is zuì 罪 (ant. gōng 功 "merit"), and the current general word for a minor legal transgression is guò 過 (ant. xiào 效 "positive contribution").
                      • Assoc: 凶/WICKED Xiōng 凶 refers to a baneful wickedness that bodes ill for the future.
                      • Assoc: 邪/WICKED Xié 邪 (ant. zhèng 正 "straight and in no way wicked") typically involves nuances of sinister evil influences in addition to plain human depravity.

                        Syntactic words
                      • nab.post-NN=selfone's own wickednessCH
                      • nab.post-V{NUM}actevil deeds; wicked actions
                      • nabactwickedness in action
                      • nabconceptthe abstract concept of wickedness
                      • nabfeaturewickednessTWH
                      • nabgradedwickedness as a psychological feature 其惡最甚
                      • v[adN]nonreferentialthe wicked
                      • vadNwicked
                      • vilook wickedLZ
                      • viactbehave wickedly
                      • visubj=nonhumanbe evil; inherently wicked, evil
                      非  fēi OC: pɯl MC: pɨi 28 AttributionsWD

                        Word relations
                      • Ant: 是/GOOD
                      • Object: 為/ACT Wéi 為 (ant. wú wéi 無為 "not engage in purposeful and result-orientated self-assertive action") focusses not on the act itself but primarily on the results achieved or aimed for. [OCCASIONAL], [PURPOSEFUL]

                        Syntactic words
                      • nabactimproper act, fault; wrongdoing; untruth
                      • vibe morally wrong (of actions)
                      • viactbe morally wrong be factually wrong; do wrong, perpetrate a wrong
                      • vtoNputativeconsider as morally wrong or wicked; disapprove of morally
                      無道  wú dào OC: ma ɡ-luuʔ MC: mi̯o dɑu 19 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPab{vt+N}actwaywardness, wickedness, failure to follow the proper Way; lack of the Way
                      • VP[adN]the wayward, the wicked
                      • VPilack the way> be wayward, wicked
                      • VPiinchoativebecome wickedDS
                      僻  pì OC: pheeɡ MC: phek
                      辟  pì OC: pheɡ MC: phiɛk 18 AttributionsWD

                      Pì 僻 (ant. ) refers to

                        Word relations
                      • Contrast: 亂/CHAOS The very dominant word in this group is luàn 亂 (ant. zhì 治 "state of good government, state of good order") which refers to all kinds of reprehensible lack of order.

                        Syntactic words
                      • nabactdepraved, deviant action
                      • nabfeaturedepravity, devianceLZ
                      • nabpsychologicaldecrepitudeCH
                      • vadVinappropriately, improperly, in a biased way
                      • vibe deviant and depraved, unreglemented, unruly; extravagant
                      不可  bù kě OC: pɯʔ khlaalʔ MC: pi̯ut khɑ 15 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VP[adN]something that is unacceptableLZ
                      • VPibe unacceptable
                      • VPt+V[0]it is unacceptable or wicked to V, one should not
                      姦邪  jiān xié OC: kraan sɢlja MC: kɣan zɣɛ 15 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPabevenmatters of wickednessLZ
                      • NPabfeaturewickedness
                      • VP[adN]nonreferentialthe wicked and depraved
                      • VPadNintensitivethoroughly wicked
                      凶  xiōng OC: qhoŋ MC: hi̯oŋ 13 AttributionsWD

                      Xiōng 凶 refers to a baneful wickedness that bodes ill for the future.

                        Word relations
                      • Contrast: 姦/WICKED Jiān 姦 (ant. liáng 良 "of the good sort, decent") refers to sheer human depravity and moral incompetence with no supernatural or sinister overtones.
                      • Assoc: 惡/WICKED The most current and general word for wickedness is probably è 惡 (ant. shàn 善 "good"), but it must be noted that in early texts the word is more current in the meaning of physical ugliness.
                      • Assoc: 惡/BAD The most general word for what is inferior and not commendable, morally, aesthetically or otherwise, is è 惡 (ant. měi 美 "commendable"), but this word is also used to refer more specifically to wickedness. See WICKED [GENERAL]

                        Syntactic words
                      • nabactwickedness
                      • vadNboding ill for the future> wicked (and thus boding ill for the future) 凶人
                      • vibaneful, wicked
                      慝  tè OC: nʰɯɯɡ MC: thək 13 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • nabactwickedness, bad points; wicked forces; wicked acts
                      • nabdispositionwickedness
                      • v[adN]N=humthe wicked
                      • vadNwicked
                      • viactbe wicked, engage in wicked action
                      曲  qū OC: khoɡ MC: khi̯ok 11 AttributionsWD

                      Qū 曲 (ant. duān 端 "straight and unwarped") refers to warped crookedness and lack of moral straightness.

                        Word relations
                      • Ant: 直/GOOD Zhí 直 (ant. qǔ 曲 "devious") refers to moral straightforwardness and uprightness.

                        Syntactic words
                      • nabactcrookedness, deviousness; injustice
                      • v[adN]the crooked
                      • vibe devious, crooked
                      • vt+prep+Nbe devious towards, be dishonest towards 曲於
                      凶德  xiōng dé OC: qhoŋ tɯɯɡ MC: hi̯oŋ tək 10 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPabfeaturevice; viciousness [perhaps also NPab - act]
                      險  xiǎn OC: qhromʔ MC: hiɛm 8 AttributionsWD

                      Xiǎn 險 is occasionally used to refer to the type of wickedness that is a danger to the group or the state.

                        Syntactic words
                      • nabactwickednessLZ
                      • v[adN]what is wicked, bad thingsLZ
                      • vibe precariously wicked, tend towards evil
                      汙  wù OC: qʷlaas MC: ʔuo̝ 7 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • nabfeaturewickednessLZ
                      • vadNfigurativewicked, corrupt
                      • vibe wickedLZ
                      穢  huì OC: qʷads MC: ʔi̯ɐi 7 AttributionsWD

                        Word relations
                      • Assoc: 污/WICKED Wú 污 (ant. jié 潔 "morally pure and spotless") refers to moral defilement or moral impurity.

                        Syntactic words
                      • nabactwickedness, acts of depravity
                      • v[adN]nonreferentialthe morally defiled
                      • vadNwicked, morally defiled
                      • vibe wicked
                      • viactindulge in dirty>wicked practices
                      污  wū OC: qʷlaa MC: ʔuo̝ 6 AttributionsWD

                      Wú 污 (ant. jié 潔 "morally pure and spotless") refers to moral defilement or moral impurity.

                        Word relations
                      • Assoc: 愚/STUPID The dominant word is yú 愚 (ant. zhì 智 "clever; wise"), and the word refers to intellectual obtuseness as well as practical ineptitude.
                      • Assoc: 穢/WICKED
                      • Assoc: 辱/DISGRACE Rǔ 辱 refers to public humiliation and public disgrace typically caused by overt actions or reactions of others.
                      • Assoc: 貪/GREEDY The current abstract term for an exaggerated desire for the possession of things of all kinds is tān 貪 (ant. lián 廉 "morally pure and ungreedy").
                      • Assoc: 邪/WICKED Xié 邪 (ant. zhèng 正 "straight and in no way wicked") typically involves nuances of sinister evil influences in addition to plain human depravity.

                        Syntactic words
                      • vadNinfamous, morally impure and defiled
                      • vihave blemishes; have faults; be morally impure, defiled; be infamous
                      • viactindulge in wicked practices
                      不德  bù dé OC: pɯʔ tɯɯɡ MC: pi̯ut tək 6 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VP[adN]N=actmisconduct
                      • VPibe morally stupid; be devoid of virtue
                      不義  bù yì OC: pɯʔ ŋrals MC: pi̯ut ŋiɛ 6 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPab1[.adNab2]actact of wickedness
                      • NPab[adN]the wicked people
                      • VPito be wrong
                      濁  zhuó OC: rdooɡ MC: ɖɣɔk 5 AttributionsWD

                        Syntactic words
                      • v[adN]the wicked, the morally impure
                      • vadNmorally defiled, morally impure
                      • vifigurativebe morally defiled
                      楛  hù OC: ɡaaʔ MC: ɦuo̝ 4 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • nsubj=nonhumanwhat is improper; what is remiss; what is uncouth
                      • v[adN]what is indecorous; what is uncouth; what is evilCH
                      • viremiss; indecorous, improper, uncouth
                      祟  suì OC: sqluds MC: si 4 AttributionsWD

                      Suì 祟 (ant. xiáng 祥 "of the good innocuous kind") refers to sinister supernatural wicked forces operating in the human world.

                        Syntactic words
                      • nabmetaphysicalmalignant influence; OBI 5, but read by QIU as 咎: noxious influence, ancestral curse
                      • vibe noxious
                      姦私  jiān sī OC: kraan sil MC: kɣan si 4 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPabactacts of wickedness
                      • NPabfeaturewicked selfishness
                      • VPadNmarkedwicked and selfish
                      妖  yāo OC: qrow MC: ʔiɛu 3 AttributionsWD

                      Yāo 妖 (ant. jí 吉 "of a generally auspicious nature") typically implies nuances of seductive or beguiling qualities coexisting with wickedness.

                        Syntactic words
                      • nevil spirit
                      • nabacthexing; wicked supernatural practiceDS
                      • vadNwickedCH
                      • vadVwickedly, outrageouslyCH
                      • vibeguiling and evil
                      不道  bù dào OC: pɯʔ ɡ-luuʔ MC: pi̯ut dɑu 3 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VP[adN]injustice; wicked acts; acts of wickedness
                      姦軌  jiān guǐ OC: kraan kʷruʔ MC: kɣan ki 3 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPabactwickedness
                      • VPiactact wickedly
                      無恥  wú chǐ OC: ma m-lʰɯʔ MC: mi̯o ʈhɨ 3 AttributionsWD

                      lack a sense of shame

                        Syntactic words
                      • NP[adN]those who have no sense of shame (non-ref)
                      • VPilack a sense of shame, have no sense of shame
                      無義  wú yì OC: ma ŋrals MC: mi̯o ŋiɛ 3 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VP[adN]nonreferentialdishonourable perfson;irresponsible person; people without a just cause
                      • VPadNdishonourable; lacking sense of justiceDS
                      • VPiactbe dishonourable in actionCH
                      邪偽  xié wěi OC: sɢlja ŋgʷals MC: zɣɛ ŋiɛ 3 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPabfeaturedeviation; wickednessCH
                      • VPadNwickedly dishonest
                      汙漫  wù màn MC: 'uH manH OC: qʷlaas moonsLZ 3 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPabfeaturebasenessLZ
                      • VPibase and corruptLZ
                      奸  gān OC: kaan MC: kɑn 2 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • vadNwicked, treacherous
                      僻違  pì wéi OC: pheeɡ ɢul MC: phek ɦɨi
                      僻違辟違  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 2 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VPibe utterly wicked and disobedient
                      無良  wú liáng OC: ma ɡ-raŋ MC: mi̯o li̯ɐŋ 2 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VPadNdevoid of excellence> good-for-nothing; wicked
                      • VPibad, wickedLZ
                      邪倒  xié dào OC: sɢlja k-laaws MC: zɣɛ tɑu 2 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPabtextheterodox teachings
                      • VPadNheterodox; wicked
                      • VPiacthold wicked perverted opinions
                      邪枉  xié wǎng OC: sɢlja qʷaŋʔ MC: zɣɛ ʔi̯ɐŋ 2 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VPadNwicked; evilCH
                      • VPiactengage in wicked and unlawful behaviour
                      闡提  chǎn tí OC: thjanʔ ɡ-lee MC: tɕhiɛn dei 2 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPabbreviationBUDDH: skr. icchantika; somebody who has cut off all good roots and will not attain liberation (see 一禪提)
                      憍暴  jiāo bào MC: kjew bawH  OC: krew boowɡs LZ 2 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VPibe arrogant and recklessLZ
                      淫  yín 2 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • vtoNcausativecause to deviate excessively from the natural: corrupt, pervertCH
                      匪  fěi OC: pɯlʔ MC: pɨi 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • vadNarchaic: wrong; incorrect
                      否  fǒu OC: pɯʔ MC: pɨu 1 AttributionWD

                        Syntactic words
                      • vibe bad
                      壞  huài OC: ɡruuls MC: ɦɣɛi 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • vadVwrongly, in an unauthorised way
                      姣  xiáo OC: ɡreew MC: ɦɣɛu 1 AttributionWD

                      Xiáo 姣 refers to wickedness coupled with cunning, scheming and malice.

                        Syntactic words
                      • viengage in immoral intrigue
                      孽  niè OC: ŋred MC: ŋiɛt 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • vibe wicked
                      衡  héng OC: ɢraaŋ MC: ɦɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • vadVin a wicked manner
                      輮  róu OC: mljuʔ MC: ȵɨu 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • vibe wicked and perverse
                      醜  chǒu OC: khljuʔ MC: tɕhɨu 1 AttributionWD

                      Chǒu 醜 (ant. měi 美 "of commendable moral quality") often refers to something rather like moral ugliness and depravity in early texts, but from Han times onwards the word comes to refer to physical ugliness].

                        Word relations
                      • Ant: 良/EXCELLENT The standard current general word for anything or anyone who naturally meets certain generally accepted high standards of excellence is liáng 良 (ant. liè 劣 "inferior").

                        Syntactic words
                      • nab(.post-N)actwicked acts committed by NCH
                      • vibe despicable and morally ugly
                      陂  bì OC: prals MC: piɛ 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • vibe wicked (SHU, Hongfan), be wrong
                      姦回  jiān huí OC: kraan ɢuul MC: kɣan ɦuo̝i 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VPi0there is wickedness, depravity
                      心惡  xīn è OC: slɯm qaaɡ MC: sim ʔɑk 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VPadNwicked in one's heart
                      暴惡  bào è OC: boowɡs qaaɡ MC: bɑu ʔɑk 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VPibe violent and wicked
                      毒態  dú tài OC: duuɡ nʰɯɯs MC: duok thəi 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPabpsychpoisonous>wicked personal psychological features
                      淫佚  yín yì OC: lɯm liɡ MC: jim jit 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPabactwillful lawlessness; recklessness
                      私姦  sī jiān OC: sil kraan MC: si kɣan 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPabactacts of selfish depravity
                      私邪  sī xié OC: sil sɢlja MC: si zɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPabfeatureselfish wickedness
                      邪僻  xié pì OC: sɢlja pheeɡ MC: zɣɛ phek 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VPibe wicked
                      邪心  xié xīn OC: sɢlja slɯm MC: zɣɛ sim 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPabpsychwicked attitudes; wickedness of mind
                      邪惡  xié è OC: sɢlja qaaɡ MC: zɣɛ ʔɑk 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VPadNwicked
                      邪氣  xié qì OC: sɢlja khɯds MC: zɣɛ khɨi 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPabpsychwicked or deviant vital forces; wicked or deviant inner tendencies; 
                      邪污  xié wū OC: sɢlja qʷlaa MC: zɣɛ ʔuo̝ 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VPibe wicked and morally defiled
                      邪穢  xié huì OC: sɢlja qʷads MC: zɣɛ ʔi̯ɐi 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPabfeaturewickedness of all kinds
                      邪辟  xié pì OC: sɢlja beɡ MC: zɣɛ biɛk 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPabactwickedness of any kind
                      醜恥  chǒu chǐ OC: khljuʔ m-lʰɯʔ MC: tɕhɨu ʈhɨ 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VPibe morally ugly and disgraceful
                      一闡提  yī chǎn tí OC: qliɡ thjanʔ ɡ-lee MC: ʔit tɕhiɛn dei 1 AttributionWD
                      • 翻譯名義集 Fānyì míngyì jí Taishō ( FANYI MINGYI JI) p. 1084a ff.

                        T54n2131_p1084a02(00)　　外道篇第十九

                        T54n2131_p1084a03(00)俱舍玄義云。學乖諦理。隨自妄情。不返內覺。

                        T54n2131_p1084a04(00)稱為外道。均聖論云。蔽理之徒。封著外教。

                        T54n2131_p1084a05(01)辯正論曰。九十五種。騰翥(之庶)於西戎。

                        T54n2131_p1084a06(03)三十六部。淆亂於東國。垂裕云。準九十六外道經。

                        T54n2131_p1084a07(01)於中一道是正。即佛也。九十五皆邪。華嚴大論。

                        T54n2131_p1084a08(00)九十六。皆邪者以大斥小故。百論云。

                        T54n2131_p1084a09(03)順聲聞道者。皆悉是邪

                        T54n2131_p1084a10(00)婆羅門。普門疏云。此云淨行。劫初種族。

                        T54n2131_p1084a11(01)山野自閑。故人以淨行稱之。肇曰。奏言外意。

                        T54n2131_p1084a12(01)其種別有經書。世世相承以道學為業。或在家。

                        T54n2131_p1084a13(00)或出家。多恃己道術。我慢人也。應法師云。

                        T54n2131_p1084a14(01)此訛略也。具云婆羅賀磨拏。

                        T54n2131_p1084a15(07)義云承習梵天法者。其人種類。自云從梵天口生。四姓中勝。

                        T54n2131_p1084a16(01)獨取梵名。唯五天竺有。餘國即無。

                        T54n2131_p1084a17(05)諸經中梵志即同此名。正翻淨裔。稱是梵天苗裔也

                        T54n2131_p1084a18(00)一闡提。大眾所問品。純陀問佛。

                        T54n2131_p1084a19(04)一闡提者其義云何。佛告純陀。

                        T54n2131_p1084a20(09)若有比丘及比丘尼優婆塞優婆夷。發麤惡言。誹謗正法。

                        T54n2131_p1084a21(04)造是重業永不改悔。心無慚愧。如是等人。

                        T54n2131_p1084a22(05)名為趣向一闡提道。若犯四重作五逆罪。

                        T54n2131_p1084a23(06)自知定犯如是重事。而心初無怖畏慚愧不肯發露。

                        T54n2131_p1084a24(03)於佛正法無護惜建立之心。毀訾輕賤言多過咎。

                        T54n2131_p1084a25(01)如是等人。亦名趣向一闡提道。若復說言。

                        T54n2131_p1084a26(02)無佛法眾。如是等人亦名趣向一闡提道。

                        T54n2131_p1084a27(03)梵行品云。一闡提者。不信因果。無有慚愧。

                        T54n2131_p1084a28(03)不信業報。不見現在及未來世。不親善友。

                        T54n2131_p1084a29(04)不隨諸佛所說教誡。如是之人名一闡提。德王品云。

                        T54n2131_p1084b01(01)一闡名信。提名不具。信不具故名一闡提。

                        T54n2131_p1084b02(02)入楞伽經曰。一闡提有二種。一者焚燒一切善根。

                        T54n2131_p1084b03(00)二者憐愍一切眾生。作盡一切眾生界願。

                        T54n2131_p1084b04(01)大慧云何。焚燒一切善根。謂謗菩薩藏。

                        T54n2131_p1084b05(03)作如是言。彼非隨順修多羅毘尼解脫說。捨諸善根。

                        T54n2131_p1084b06(00)是故不得涅槃。大慧憐愍眾生。

                        T54n2131_p1084b07(05)作盡眾生界願者。是為菩薩。菩薩方便作願。

                        T54n2131_p1084b08(05)若諸眾生不入涅槃者。我亦不入涅槃。又梵語闡底迦。

                        T54n2131_p1084b09(01)此云多貪。阿闡底迦。此云無欲。阿顛底迦。

                        T54n2131_p1084b10(02)此云極惡。唯識樞要云。一名一闡底迦。是樂欲義。

                        T54n2131_p1084b11(00)樂生死故。二名阿闡底迦。是不樂欲義。

                        T54n2131_p1084b12(02)不樂涅槃故。三名阿顛底迦。名為畢竟。

                        T54n2131_p1084b13(04)以畢竟無涅槃性故。他謂一闡底迦。即焚燒一切善根。

                        T54n2131_p1084b14(00)二阿闡底迦。即菩薩大悲。三阿顛底迦。

                        T54n2131_p1084b15(02)即無性闡提。故樞要云。瑜珈唯識。

                        T54n2131_p1084b16(05)說於無性一種闡提。又云。無種性者。現當畢竟。二俱不成

                      • 入楞伽經 Rù Léngqié jīng Laṇkāvatāra sūtra Taishō ( LANKA(B)) p. 487b20 ff

                        T16n0670_p0487b20(01)大慧。一闡提有二種。一者捨一切善根。

                        T16n0670_p0487b21(02)及於無始眾生發願。云何捨一切善根。

                        T16n0670_p0487b22(03)謂謗菩薩藏及作惡言。

                        T16n0670_p0487b23(10)此非隨順修多羅毘尼解脫之說。捨一切善根故不般涅槃。

                        T16n0670_p0487b24(03)二者菩薩本自願方便故。非不般涅槃。

                        T16n0670_p0487b25(05)一切眾生而般涅槃。大慧。彼般涅槃。是名不般涅槃法相。

                        T16n0670_p0487b26(00)此亦到一闡提趣。大慧白佛言。世尊。

                        T16n0670_p0487b27(02)此中云何畢竟不般涅槃。佛告大慧。

                        T16n0670_p0487b28(05)菩薩一闡提者。知一切法本來般涅槃已。

                        T16n0670_p0487b29(05)畢竟不般涅槃。而非捨一切善根一闡提也。大慧。

                        T16n0670_p0487c01(02)捨一切善根一闡提者。復以如來神力故。

                        T16n0670_p0487c02(02)或時善根生所以者何。

                        T16n0670_p0487c03(09)謂如來不捨一切眾生故。以是故。菩薩一闡提不般涅槃

                      • A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms ( SOOTHILL) p. 9, 28, 31, 73, 483

                        9: 一闡提 (一闡提迦) icchantika. Also 一顛迦, 阿闡底迦 One without desire for Buddha enlightenment; an unbeliever; shameless, an enemy of the good; full of desires; 斷善根者 one who has cut off his roots of goodness; it is applied also to a bodhisattva who has made a vow not to become a Buddha until all beings are saved. This is called 大悲闡提 the icchantika of great mercy.

                        28: 二種闡提 (二種一闡提) Two kinds of icchantika, q.v.: (a) the utterly depraved, abandoned, and blasphemers of Buddha-truth; (b) bodhisattvas who refuse to enter upon their Buddhahood in order to save all beings.

                        31: 人尊三惡 The three most wicked among men: the Icchantika; v. 一闡提: the slanderers of Mahayana, and those who break the four great commandments.

                        73: 三種闡提 The three kinds of icchantika: (a) 一闡提迦 the wicked; (b) 阿闡提迦 called 大悲闡提 bodhisattvas who become icchantika to save all beings; (c) 阿顛底迦 otherwise 無性闡提 those without a nature for final nirv$a$na。?a. Cf. 三病.

                        483: 闡提 v. 一闡提 icchantika, intp. as unable to become Buddha (a) because of unbelief, or abandoned character; (b) because of a bodhisattva vow.

                        Syntactic words
                      • NPbuddhistBUDDH: skr. icchantika; this refers to somebody who has cut off all wholesome roots and never will reach liberation (in some Mahāyāna and Chán Buddhist texts the term icchantika undergoes a reinterpretation, and the notion of the 'two kinds of icchantika' (LANKAVATARA, T.16/670: 487b20: 一闡提有二種), the second kind of icchantika referring to Bodhisattvas who - through their compassion - decide to remain in the world, also based on the knowledge that there is no difference between samsara and nirvana) (also transliterated with 闡提, 一顛迦, 阿闡底迦
                      非所聞  fēi suǒ wén OC: pɯl sqraʔ mɯn MC: pɨi ʂi̯ɤ mi̯un 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VPibe something unheard of; be quite wrong
                      殘賊  cán zéi MC: dzan dzok OC: dzaan sɡɯɯɡCH 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VPadNcruel and wickedCH
                      不廉  bù lián MC: pjut ljem OC: pɯʔ ɡ-remDS 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPablack of moral purityDS
                      邪慝  yé tè nì MC: yae thok OC: k-la nʰɯɯɡCH 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPabwickedness, depravityCH
                      辟違  pì wéi MC: phjiek hjw+j OC: pheɡ ɢulLZ 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VPibe utterly wicked and disobedientLZ
                      險賊  xiǎn zéi MC: xjemX dzok OC: qhromʔ sɡɯɯɡLZ 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VPibe insidiousLZ
                      汙僈  wù man4 MC: 'uH -- OC: qʷlaas --LZ 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPabfeaturemoral filthLZ
                      邪曲  xié qū MC: zjae khjowk OC: sɢlja khoɡLZ 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VP[adN]devious thingsLZ
                      險穢  xiǎn huì MC: xjemX 'jwojH OC: qhromʔ qʷadsLZ 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VPisubj=nonhumanfoul, evilLZ
                      險汙  xiǎn wù MC: xjemX 'uH OC: qhromʔ qʷlaasLZ 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VPifoulLZ
                      無信  wú xìn MC: mju sinH OC: ma sinsDS 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPabuntrustworthiness DS
                      㜸  niè MC: ngjet OC: --CH 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • vadN=孽　wicked and slyCH
                      邪說  xié shuō MC: zjae -- OC: sɢlja lʰodLZ 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPmetonymyproponents of misleading theoriesLZ
                      幽險  yōu xiǎn MC: -- xjemX OC: qriw qhromʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VP[adN]N=huminsidious peopleLZ
                      為姦  wéi jiān MC: hjweH kaen OC: ɢʷal kraanCH 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VP[adN]N=humanperpetrators of wickednessCH
                      猖蹶  chāng jué MC: tsyhang kjwot OC: thjaŋ kodDS 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VP[adN]a person who acts deliberately; a person who behaves like a wild beastDS
                      儉  jiǎn MC: gjemX OC: ɡromʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • visubj=nonhuman(= xian3 險) be wickedLZ
                      亡  wáng OC: maŋ MC: mi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      劣  liè OC: ɡ-rod MC: liɛt 0 AttributionsWD

                      Liè 劣 (ant. ) refers to moral inferiority as opposed to excellence.

                        Syntactic words
                      反  fǎn OC: panʔ MC: pi̯ɐn 0 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • viactbe perverse
                      回  huí OC: ɢuul MC: ɦuo̝i 0 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • viwicked
                      歪  wāi OC: qhʷraal MC: hɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD

                      Wāi 歪 (ant. zhí 直 "morally straight") refers to wickedness under the image of moral warpedness and and deviation from a straight proper norm.

                        Syntactic words
                      • vipost-Han: crooked
                      淫邪  yín xié OC: lɯm sɢlja MC: jim zɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPabactfrivolous wickedness
                      為惡  wéi è OC: ɢʷal qaaɡ MC: ɦiɛ ʔɑk 0 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NP[adN]the wicked
                      非意  fēi yì OC: pɯl qɯɡs MC: pɨi ʔɨ 0 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NP[adN]someone of wrong intent> someone wicked
                      頑嚚  wán yín OC: ŋɡroon ŋɡriŋ MC: ŋɣan ŋin 0 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPwicked and misguided men (SHU) 左傳‧文公十八年》："昔 帝鴻氏 有不才子，掩義隱賊，好行凶德，醜類惡物，頑嚚不友，是與比周。" 陸德明 釋文："心不則德義之經為頑，口不道忠信之言為嚚。" 前蜀 貫休 《古意》詩之七："一種為頑嚚，得作翻經石。"
                      • VPibe wicked and misguided
                      惡不善心  è bù shàn xīn OC: qaaɡ pɯʔ ɡjenʔ slɯm MC: ʔɑk pi̯ut dʑiɛn sim 0 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • VPibe wicked in attitude
                      邪慝  yé tè nì MC: yae thok OC: k-la nʰɯɯɡCH 0 AttributionsWD
                        Syntactic words
                      • NPabwickedness, depravityCH

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