CHAOS    動亂

SITUATION NOT APPROPRIATELY CONTROLLED OR LACKING APPROPRIATE ORDERLY:order.
DISORDERDISARRAYDISORGANIZATIONCONFUSIONMAYHEMBEDLAMPANDEMONIUMHAVOCTURMOILTUMULTCOMMOTIONDISRUPTIONUPHEAVALUPROARMAELSTROMMUDDLEMESSSHAMBLESFREE-FOR-ALLANARCHYLAWLESSNESS
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The very dominant word in this group is luàn 亂 (ant. zhì 治 "state of good government, state of good order") which refers to all kinds of reprehensible lack of order. 2. Èr 二 / 貳 "disunited" (ant. yī 一 "be properly united in attitude") refers to political dissension or duplicity. 3. Fēn 紛 describes a mild form of physical disorder. See CONFUSED. 4. Fén 棼 describes something as unprincipled and disorganised. 5. Wèn 紊 is often inchoative and describes the process by which something concrete or abstract enters a disorderly state. 6. Hún 混 refers to a kind of chaos that is close to objective confusion. See CONFUSED.
Modern Chinese Criteria
動亂 變亂 亂 騷動 騷擾 擾動 暴亂 戰亂 禍亂 喪亂 離亂 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • DISTURB　CAUSE TO BECOME in CHAOS. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • ORDERLYAPPROPRIATE as to how the MANY PARTS of something SHOULD BE.
Hypernym
  • SITUATION　RELATION in which MANY HUMANS, FEATURES OR THINGS EXIST TOGETHER OR INTERACT. (anc: 5/0, child: 11)
  • RELATION　FEATURE of TWO OR MORE THINGS TOGETHER. (anc: 4/0, child: 15)
  • FEATURE　ABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE. (anc: 3/0, child: 19)
  • “荀子”單音節形容詞同義關係研究 ( HUANG XIAODONG 2003) p. 103

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 1.1412

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 1.980

  • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

  • Ästhetische Grundbegriffe ( BARCK 2010) p. 696

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.394.352

    VAARME.TUMULTE

  • Divisiones quae vulgo dicuntur Aristoteleae ( DIVISIONES 1906) p. no. 26

  • Divisiones quae vulgo dicuntur Aristoteleae ( DIVISIONES 1906) p. B 41

  • Encyclopedia of Comparative Iconography ( ROBERTS 1998) p. 671

    • Words (49 items)

    亂  luàn OC: ɡ-roons MC: lʷɑn 184 Attributions

    The very dominant word in this group is luàn 亂 (ant. zhì 治 "state of good government, state of good order") which refers to all kinds of reprehensible lack of order.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 亂/GOVERN
    • Ant: 定/PEACEFUL
    • Ant: 治/ORDERLY
    • Epithet: 世/GENERATION The dominant general word for a generation is shì 世, and this word has strong temporal connotations referring to the period of one generation, and the word has a certain syntactic flexibility. Sān shì 三世 refers to three generations.
    • Contrast: 僻 / 辟/WICKED Pì 僻 (ant. ) refers to
    • Assoc: 弱/WEAK The current general word for weakness of any physical or abstract kind, and of anything including states, persons, and animals is ruò 弱 (ant. qiáng 強 "strong").
    • Assoc: 亡/DESTROY Wáng 亡 (ant. fù 復 "reestablish") refers to the political/social ruin of a state and does not focus on any form of physical annihilation or damage.
    • Assoc: 惛/CONFUSED Hūn 昏/惛 is typically confusion within a certain delimited area. See OBSCURE
    • Assoc: 煩/CONFUSED
    • Assoc: 錯/CHAOS
    • Relat: 勇/COURAGE The standard general word for courage is yǒng 勇 (ant. nuò 懦 "pusillanimousness, chicken-liveredness"), which refers to positive boldness evinced in the face of danger or risk. Cf. fortitudo

      Syntactic words
    • nab.post-Nthe chaos of N, the chaos resulting from; the chaos constituted byCH
    • nabactmisruleCH
    • nabfactualsomething chaotic; a chaotic state; a chaotic situation, political chaos
    • nabstandardprinciples of misruleCH
    • v[adN]what is unruly; what is conducive to political chaosLZ
    • v[adN]a polity in chaos, a chaotic society; a chaotic placeCH
    • vadNill-governed; disorderly, unruly; chaotic; doomed to chaos; bent on chaos
    • vadVchaotically, disorderly; recklessly (> furiously)
    • vi0there is political chaos; there was a rebellion
    • viactcreate havoc, create political turmoil
    • vichangebecome chaotic; get into disarray
    • vigradedbe in turmoil; be in disorder; be ill-governed
    • vtoNcausativewreak havoc with; cause to be chaotic, reduce to chaos; mix something chaotically into (something else); wreak havoc in; disrupt
    • vtoNcausativepassive: be reduced to chaos
    • vtoNcausativereflexive: bring chaos upon (oneself)
    乖  guāi OC: kʷreed MC: kɣɛi 12 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • viactcontrary, perverse; be at odds with each other; be at loggerheads
    混  hùn OC: ɡuunʔ MC: ɦuo̝n 7 Attributions

    Hún 混 refers to a kind of chaos that is close to objective confusion. See CONFUSED.

      Syntactic words
    • nabfigurativemessinessCH
    • nabstativechaos
    • vadVchaoticly; confusedly
    • vibe chaotic
    紛  fēn OC: phɯn MC: phi̯un 7 Attributions

    Fēn 紛 describes a mild form of physical disorder. See CONFUSED.

      Syntactic words
    • nab(.post-N)the confusion of the contextually determinate NCH
    • nabstativeconfusion
    • vadVin a tumultuous fashion, in disarrayCH
    • vibe various, disorderly, and confused; be in a mess
    滑  gǔ OC: kuud MC: kuot 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativerender chaotic; confuse
    昏亂  hūn luàn OC: hmuun ɡ-roons MC: huo̝n lʷɑn 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPihendiadys: be in complete chaosCH
    • VPi0there is chaos
    參差  cēn cī OC: tshrum skhral MC: ʈʂhim ʈʂhiɛ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNuneven
    • VPibe in disarray; be uneven in sizeHYDCD: [1] 不齊貌。《詩 · 周南 · 關雎》：「參差荇菜，左右流之。」
    • VPt+prep+Nbe at odds with NCH
    擾亂  rǎo luàn OC: njawʔ ɡ-roons MC: ȵiɛu lʷɑn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPihave been messed up so as to be in disarray; be in turmoil
    • VPichangerun into chaos; get into total disorderDS
    反覆  fǎn fù OC: panʔ phuɡ MC: pi̯ɐn phuk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe topsy-turvyCH
    • VPtoNbring disorder to
    迷亂  mí luàn OC: mii ɡ-roons MC: mei lʷɑn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPichangebe reduced to a state of chaos
    • VPtoNreduce to complete chaos
    勃亂  bó luàn OC: bɯɯd ɡ-roons MC: buot lʷɑn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe in chaotic stateLZ
    • VPi0there is chaos
    悖亂  bèi luàn OC: bɯɯds ɡ-roons MC: buo̝i lʷɑn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNthoroughly disorganised and confused
    惛亂  hùn luàn MC: xwonH lwanH  OC: hmuuns ɡ-roons 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeaturemisrule, social/political chaosCH
    煩亂  fán luàn OC: ban ɡ-roons MC: bi̯ɐn lʷɑn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe in turmoil
    錯  cuò OC: skhaaɡ MC: tshɑk 1 Attribution

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 乖/CHAOS
    • Assoc: 亂/CHAOS The very dominant word in this group is luàn 亂 (ant. zhì 治 "state of good government, state of good order") which refers to all kinds of reprehensible lack of order.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNchaotically placed
    • vibe (typically chaotically) intertwined
    雜  zá OC: sɡuub MC: dzəp 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadVchaotically
    • vibe mixed and in chaos
    爚亂  shuò luàn MC: syak lwanH OC: lʰewɡ ɡ-roons 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNwreak total chaos inCH
    紛而  fēn ér MC: phjun nyi OC: phɯn njɯ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVall in disarrayCH
    無理  wú lǐ OC: ma ɡ-rɯʔ MC: mi̯o lɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe unprincipled
    變亂  biàn luàn OC: prons ɡ-roons MC: piɛn lʷɑn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNresultativechange into a chaotic state
    傮然  zāo rán MC: tsaw nyen OC: tsuu njen 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVchaoticallyLZ
    淟涊  tiǎn niǎn MC: thenX nenX OC: thɯɯnʔ nɯɯnʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPipoeticbe messy, blurred and fuzzyCH
    支繚  zhī liǎo MC: tsye ljewX OC: kje ɡ-rewʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPpostadVchaoticallyLZ
    乖亂  guāi luàn OC: kʷreed ɡ-roons MC: kɣɛi lʷɑn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactengage in chaotic political behaviour
    二  èr OC: njis MC: ȵi 1 Attribution

    Ér 二/貳 "disunited" (ant. yī 一 "be properly united in attitude") refers to political dissension or duplicity.

      Syntactic words
    • vibe disunited, ununified; unfocussed
    儳  chán OC: dzroom MC: ɖʐɣɛm 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • v[adN]N=humthose in disarray
    • vadVin a chaotic wayCH
    混芒  hùn máng MC: hwonX mang OC: ɡuunʔ maaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabbedlam, turmoilCH
    不治  bù zhì MC: pjut drijH OC: pɯʔ rlils 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPi0changerun into chaos, get into chaosDS
    亂惑  luàn huò OC: ɡ-roons ɡʷɯɯɡ MC: lʷɑn ɦək 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPichangeget into a chaotic state, turn chaotic
    肴亂  yáo luàn OC: ɡraaw ɡ-roons MC: ɦɣɛu lʷɑn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPistativebe in complete chaos
    攜  xié OC: ɡʷlee MC: ɦei 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vibe disunited and not well aligned (HYDZD)
    斬  zhǎn MC: tsreamX OC: tsreemʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi= chán 儳: be in disarray, be unevenLZ
    汩  gǔ OC: kʷɯɯd MC: kuot 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativethrow into chaos
    亂次  luàn cì MC: lwanH tshijH OC: ɡ-roons snʰis 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVin total disorderCH
    撓亂  náo nǎo luàn MC: nraewX lwanH  OC: mɢreewʔ ɡ-roons 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPi0there is unrest; there is revolt; there is misruleCH
    撩亂  liáo luàn OC: ɡ-reew ɡ-roons MC: leu lʷɑn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactcreate havoc; run rampant
    侵擾  qīn rǎo OC: skhim njawʔ MC: tshim ȵiɛu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactcreate havoc; offend all the rules
    鴻荒  hóng huāng OC: ɡooŋ hmaaŋ MC: ɦuŋ hɑŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabstativestate of chaos
    板蕩  bǎn dàng OC: praanʔ ɡ-laaŋʔ MC: pɣan dɑŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPichangebe reduced to chaos XIE LINGYUN
    叢殘  cóng cán OC: dzooŋ dzaan MC: dzuŋ dzɑn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe in chaos; form a chaotic and incomplete whole
    擾攘  rǎo rǎng OC: njawʔ njaŋʔ MC: ȵiɛu ȵi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe in chaotic conflict; be in conflict and turmoil
    混沌  hùn dùn OC: ɡuunʔ duunʔ MC: ɦuo̝n duo̝n 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabstativechaos
    • VPibe in a state of chaos
    囂塵  xiāo chén OC: hŋraw din MC: hiɛu ɖin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabstativethe chaotic din of this world (DCD)
    殽亂  xiáo luàn OC: ɡraaw ɡ-roons MC: ɦɣɛu lʷɑn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe in chaos
    • VPi0there is turbulence
    攪  jiǎo OC: kruuʔ MC: kɣɛu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNmake chaotic> disturb, upset
    棼  fén OC: bɯn MC: bi̯un 0 Attributions

    Fén 棼 describes something as unprincipled and disorganised.

      Syntactic words
    • viall confused and chaotic
    • vtoNcausativecause to be chaotic; cause to be in disorder
    殽  xiáo OC: ɡraaw MC: ɦɣɛu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vimixed, confused
    • vi0there is turbulence
    涬  xìng OC: ɢeeŋʔ MC: ɦeŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabstativechaos; boundlessness
    紊  wèn OC: mɯns MC: mi̯un 0 Attributions

    Wèn 紊 is often inchoative and describes the process by which something concrete or abstract enters a disorderly state.

      Syntactic words
    • vichangebecome disorderly