Taxonomy of meanings for 縱:　　

  • 縱 zòng (OC: tsoŋs MC: tsioŋ) 子用切 去 廣韻：【放縱説文緩也一曰舎也子用切又子容切二 】
    • PERMIT
      • vtoSallow S to happen
      • vtoNpermit N to happen
      • feature> LENIENT
        • vtoNforgive; let off lightly
        • vibe lax in the administration of justice, be irresponsibly lenientCH
      • grammaticalised: granted that> EVEN IF
        • vt0oS1.adS2although in fact
        • padV.postN{SUBJ}although in fact
        • vt[0]+V[0].adSalthough
      • psychological> FORGIVE
        • permit to leave detention> RELEASE
          • vtoNset free; let off
          • vtoNpassivebe set free 不可縱
          • vttoN.+V[0]pivotgive (someone) the freedom (to V)
          • generalised: object things> ISSUE
              • of child, give birth to> BIRTH
                • of gifts> GIVE
                  • concrete of troops into action> DEPLOY
                    • so as to reject> DISCARD
                    • of arrows from bow> SHOOT
                    • permissive to oneself> UNRESTRAINED
                      • viactbe unrestrained
                      • vt+prep+Ngive free rein to; let oneself go with; indulge in
                      • vtoNZUO Zhao 10, vt: give free rein to (one's desires etc.)
                      • vtoNpsychgive free rein to (oneself)
                      • vtoNliteralleave to hang loosely, loosen the grip onCH
                      • of horses: prance> JUMP
                  • 縱 zōng (OC: tsoŋ MC: tsioŋ) 即容切 平 廣韻：【縱横也即容切又子用切九 】
                    • VERTICAL
                      • nabsocialvertical alliance
                      • vadNvertical
                  • 縱 cóng《集韻》徂聰切，平東從。東部。
                    • 縱 zǒng 《集韻》祖動切，上董精。東部。
                      • 縱《集韻》足勇切，上腫精。

                          Additional information about 縱

                          說文解字: 【縱】，緩也。一曰：舍也。从糸、從聲。 【足用切】

                            Criteria
                          • EVEN IF

                            1. Suī 雖 makes hypothetical conditional clauses "it may be the case that, but....".

                            2. Zòng 縱 makes presuppositional conditional clauses "although it is admittedly the case that...".

                          • CONTROL

                            1. The most current general word in this group is zhì 制 (ant. zòng 縱 "give free rein to"), which refers to all kinds of control, political, physical, as well as psychological.

                            2. Zhì 治 refers to the orderly and principled long-term control of something.

                            3. Yù 御 refers to the exercise of sovereign unchallenged control over.

                            4. Guǎn 管 and zhǎng 掌 refer to the concrete practical control over something large or small.

                            5. Shàn 擅 refers to gaining or having unlegitimised sole control of something. See MONOPOLISE

                            6. Zhuān 專 refers to having sole control, typically of some administrative function. See MONOPOLISE

                            7. Bà 霸 refers to dominating and controlling something through a supreme display of power. See also RULER

                          • ARREST

                            [CIVIL/MILITARY]

                            [DIFFICULT/EASY]

                            [DRAMATIC/UNDRAMATIC]

                            [GENERAL/SPECIFIC]

                            [INFORMAL/OFFICIAL]

                            [LASTING/TRANSITORY]

                            1. The current general word for arresting someone or apprehending him for any reason whatever is zhí 執 (ant. shì 釋 "set free"), but this term typically has a rather bureaucratic flavour.

                            [CIVIL], [OFFICIAL]

                            2. Qín 擒 (ant zòng 縱 "let loose") refers in somewhat dramatic terms to managing to apprehend a person who might be trying to escape, often to taking a distinguished prisoner in military contexts.

                            [DRAMATIC]

                            3. Bǔ 捕 refers specifically to catching a criminal, sometimes to the catching of a common criminal. See also CATCH.

                            [CIVIL], [OFFICIAL]

                            4. Huò 獲 typically refers to managing to capture a person who is trying to escape or who is difficult to catch.

                            [DIFFICULT], [DRAMATIC]

                            5. Fú 俘 and lǔ 虜 refer bureaucratically and neutrally to taking prisoners of war.

                            [LASTING], [MILITARY]

                            6. Qiú 囚 (ant. shì 釋 "set free") refers specifically to detaining and imprisoning a person in a public prison.

                            [LASTING], [OFFICIAL], [SPECIFIC]

                            7. Jū 拘 is occasionally used as a bureaucratic term for holding someone legal detention.

                            [CIVIL], [LASTING], [OFFICIAL]

                            8. Dài 逮 refers specifically to the official apprehending or arresting of a presumed culprit.

                            [CIVIL], [OFFICIAL]

                          • UNRESTRAINED

                            1. The current general word for lack of restraint and indulgence is zī 恣 (ant. jié 節 "exercise moderation").

                            2. Zòng 縱 (ant. yuē 約 "be limited by constraints") refers pejoratively to lack of restraint.

                            3. Sì 肆 and dàng 蕩 (ant. jū 拘 "be properly restrained") refer often positively to lack of inhibitions and a freedom of behaviour.

                            4. Fàng 放 (ant. liǎn 斂 "be restrained") refers to a deliberate act of removing social or other inhibitions.

                            5. Yín 淫 can come to refer to extravagance as a symptom of general indulgence.

                          • RESTRAIN

                            1. The current general word for restraining something or someone is yuē 約 (ant. zòng 縱 "give free rein to").

                            2. Jié 節 (ant. sì 肆 "be unrestrained") always refers to abstract restraint and moderation, typically the restraint is directed towards oneself.

                            3. Jū 拘 (ant. dàng 蕩 "be completely free") and shù 束 refer to being confined or constrained by external circumstances.

                            4. Lè 勒 and kòng 控 (all ant. fàng 放 "set free") refer to a vigorous act of restraining someone or something by force.

                            5. Jī 羈 (ant. tuō 脫 "let loose") and yǐn 引 refer specifically to the reining in of horses by the use of a bridle, but the word also has generalised uses where it refers to restraint of other creatures.

                          • RELEASE

                            1. The most current general word for setting an animal or a person free is shì 釋 (ant. shōu 收 "hold prisoner").

                            2. Zòng 縱 (ant. yuē 約 "restrain") is to give free reins to someone or something that is under constraint with the expectation that this feedom will be used freely and enthusiastically.

                            3. Sì 肆 (ant. jié 節 "restrain, moderate") refers to giving free rein to psychological tendencies and the like, thus going beyond what are natural societal expectations.

                            4. Chū 出 (ant. liú 留 "keep in retention") is a colourless term referring to letting someone out of an enclosure, typically prison.

                            5. Miǎn 免 (ant. jiū 究 "hold definitely responsible for crimes") refers specifically to an act of mercy involving a decision to set someone free who is available for criminal prosecution for a crime assumed committed.

                            6. Fàng 放 (ant. liǎn 斂 "exert a moderating influence on") refers to a removal of constraints on animals or persons, causing these to follow their natural instincts.

                            Word relations
                          • Ant: (RELEASE)擒 / 禽/ARREST Qín 擒 (ant. zòng 縱 "let loose") refers in somewhat dramatic terms to managing to apprehend a person who might be trying to escape, often to taking a distinguished prisoner in military contexts. [DRAMATIC]