EVEN IF  雖然雖

IF S1, NONETHELESS S2
ALTHOUGHREGARDLESS
Hypernym
  • IFRELATION between sentences S1 and S2 such that it is NOT TRUE that S1 AND NOT S2.
    • CONDITIONSITUATION which is NECESSARY for something to be ABLE to HAPPEN.
      • RELATIONFEATURE of TWO OR MORE THINGS TOGETHER.
        • FEATUREABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE....
Old Chinese Criteria
1. Suī 雖 makes hypothetical conditional clauses "it may be the case that, but....".

2. Zòng 縱 makes presuppositional conditional clauses "although it is admittedly the case that...".

Modern Chinese Criteria
即使

即若

即令

即或

即便

就算

就是

就讓

盡管

哪怕

不怕

縱使

縱令

縱然

縱

饒

即

就

便

雖

不論 "regardless" focusses on the lack of attention paid to what does not affect the main statement.

無論 "regardless" is a somewhat literary version of 不論.

不管 "regardless" is a very informal version of 不論.

NOTE THAT IN GENERAL WE ARE LEAVING THE EMPTY WORDS UNTIL LATER, TO BE DONE TOGETHER WITH MA ZHEN AND LU JIANMING

rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

Words

雖  suī OC: sqlul MC: si 116 Attributions

Suī 雖 makes hypothetical conditional clauses "it may be the case that, but....".

    Syntactic words
  • padNPab{S}.adSeven if; even supposing that
  • padV1.adV2even if; even supposing that (as opposed to "although"
  • vadS1.érS2雖... 而 although S1 nonetheless S2CH
  • vadV.postN{SUBJ}:adSeven if; even supposing that
  • vadV.postN{SUBJ}:adSV=factivealthough in fact the contextually determinate subject V-ed, S
  • vadV1.adV2:postNeven if
  • vt0oS1.adS2even if
縱  zòng OC: tsoŋs MC: tsi̯oŋ
從  zòng OC: dzoŋs MC: dzi̯oŋ 15 Attributions

Zòng 縱 makes presuppositional conditional clauses "although it is admittedly the case that ...".

    Syntactic words
  • padV.postN{SUBJ}although in fact
  • vt0oS1.adS2although in fact
  • vt[0]+V[0].adSalthough
雖然  suī rán OC: sqlul njen MC: si ȵiɛn 7 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • VPadS1.adS2although, even if
以  yǐ OC: k-lɯʔ MC: jɨ 5 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • vt0oN.adSe.g. 以孔子之聖 "even with Confucius' sagacity": even with, even given
直饒  zhí ráo OC: dɯɡ nɢjew MC: ɖɨk ȵiɛu 5 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • PPadS1.adS2concessivealthough (直饒。。。猶/亦。。。 although this is (might be) the case...still (nevertheless)...)
既  jì OC: kɯds MC: kɨi 3 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • vadV.postN{SUBJ}:adSalthough
  • vadV1.adV2althoughCH
正使  zhèng shǐ OC: tjeŋs srɯʔ MC: tɕiɛŋ ʂɨ 2 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • VPt0oS1.adS2Although
雖則  suī zé OC: sqlul skɯɯɡ MC: si tsək 2 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • PPadS1.adS2even if, although
雖復  suī fù OC: sqlul buɡs MC: si bɨu 2 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • PPadS1.adS2Although
即  jí OC: tsɯɡ MC: tsɨk 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • padS1.adS2even though
不辭  bù cí OC: pɯʔ zɯ MC: pi̯ut zɨ 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • VPt0oS1.adS2not reject > even if, although
之  zhī MC: tsyi OC: kljɯCH 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • npropostadN.-Vfactualeven supposing/given that N V-s; even if one assumes that N V-sCH

Existing SW for

Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database: