Taxonomy of meanings for 政:　　

  • zhèng (OC: tjeŋs MC: tɕiɛŋ) 之盛切 去 廣韻：【政化釋名曰政正也下所取正也亦姓出姓苑之盛切四 】
    • GOVERN
      • nab.tactadministration of (some state N etc) Note: 夏政 1. administration by the Xia; 2. administration of the Xia kingdom
      • nab(post-N{OBJ})actadministration of a state, public administration; administrative measure; administrative method; administrative tasks and problems; administrative practice
      • nabactadministration; administrative practice; spirit of administration
      • nab(post-N{OBJ})conceptthe general question of political administration
      • nab(post-N{OBJ})methodmethods of government
      • nadNadministrative
      • viactconduct political administration
      • nab(post-N{OBJ})the government (of a contextually determinate state) 某某國之政
      • nab(post-N)actone's administrationCH
      • nab.post-Nadministration of the object NCH
      • nab.post-Nsocialadministrative practice in the place NCH
      • nab.post-Npolitical administration as practised by NCH
      • vtoN= zheng4 正: administerLZ
      • nab[post-N]bureaucratic admitistration of one's stateCH
      • means>LAW
        • well-governed>GOOD
          • subject>OFFICER
            • nofficer (see 國政 administrators of the state)
            • institution>OFFICE
              • nccgovernment department; administrative department
              • abstract>POWER
                • nabsocialadministrative power, governmental authority
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      • zhèngTAX
        • n= zheng1 征: leviesLZ

      Additional information about 政

      說文解字:

        Criteria
      • GOVERN

        1. The general word for governing, administering or ordering things is zhì 治, old reading chí.

        2. Wéi 為, yǒu 有, yòng 用, lín 臨, lì 蒞, lǐ 理 are polite ways of referring to the government by a legitimate ruler.

        3. Nán miàn 南面, tīng zhèng 聽政, and the late jiàn zuò 踐祚 "ascend the throne and hold control" are polite ways of referring to the occupation of ruler's position by a legitimate incumbent.

        4. Zhèng 政 refers to the basically bureaucratic administration of a state, practical implementation of governmental measures.

        5. Shù 術 refers to the "philosophical" and political art of statecraft.

        6. Xiǎng 享 refers to government of a state as a privilege enjoyed by the legitimate ruler.

        7. Wàng 王 is the proper government of a state by its legitimate ruler, and term often has "idealising" nuances.

        8. Jūn 君 refers to de-facto government by a ruler without any idealising or approving nuances being implied.

        9. Zhuān 專 refers to the (often illegal or not entirely law-based) monopolising of power, and the word often has negative connotations.

        10. Xiàng 相 refers to senior roles in government bureaucracy other than those of the ruler.

        11. Sī 司 refers to administration on a scale below that of a state.

        12. Shǐ 使 refers to leadership, typically of the people.

        13. Mù 牧 refers to government as a paternalistic responsibility of the ruler.

      • GOVERNMENT

        政府 since when? Five Dynasties?

        Word relations
      • Object: (POWER)持/GOVERN
      • Object: (GOVERN)為/ACT Wéi 為 (ant. wú wéi 無為 "not engage in purposeful and result-orientated self-assertive action") focusses not on the act itself but primarily on the results achieved or aimed for. [OCCASIONAL], [PURPOSEFUL]
      • Object: (GOVERN)行/ACT The current general word for any deliberate action one may be held morally and/or administratively responsible for is xíng 行 (ant. zhǐ 止 "decide not to take action"). The nominal entries have the old reading xìng. [COMMENDATORY!], [GENERAL], [HABITUAL], [RESPONSIBLE]
      • Object: (GOVERN)立/ESTABLISH The current general word for setting up anything abstract or concrete is lì 立 and the almost equally common shè 設.
      • Epithet: (GOVERN)國/STATE The dominant word is guó 國, and the word naturally focusses on the capital which defines the identity of the state, but from Warring States times the word does refer to the whole of the territory, as the term guó xiāo 國削 "the state was truncated" shows.
      • Epithet: (GOVERN)虐/CRUEL Nyè 虐 (ant. fǔ 撫 "take good care of, show proper concern for subordinates or subjects") refers to wanton cruelty in the exercise of political authority.
      • Contrast: (GOVERN)刑/PUNISH Xíng 刑 refers specifically to physical punishment.
      • Contrast: (GOVERN)治/GOVERN The general word for governing, administering or ordering things is zhì 治, old reading chí.
      • Assoc: (GOVERN)位/RANK Wèi 位 and the rarer liè 列 typically refer to relatively elevated official ranks only.
      • Assoc: (GOVERN)事/WORK Shì 事 (ant. xián 閒 "be at leisure") refers primarily to an official or regular working effort made on behalf of and in the service of an employer or a ruler.
      • Synon: (GOVERN)治/GOVERN The general word for governing, administering or ordering things is zhì 治, old reading chí.