ESTABLISH  建立立／設

CAUSE TO BECOME:come to ENDURINGLY EXIST.
SET UPSTARTINITIATEINSTITUTEFORMFOUNDCREATEINAUGURATEBUILDCONSTRUCTINSTALL
Antonym
  • DESTROYDAMAGE something so as to CAUSE it to CEASE to EXIST.
    Hypernym
    • CAUSE TOMOVE in SUCH a way that THEREFORE someone or something else CHANGES.
      • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION.
        • CHANGEEVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2.
          • EVENTREALITY that ARISES in TIME....
    See also
    • CREATEPRODUCE something BELIEVING that it has NEVER BEEN PRODUCED BEFORE.
      • BUILDPRODUCE as a BUILDING.
        Old Chinese Criteria
        1. The current general word for setting up anything abstract or concrete is lì 立 and the almost equally common shè 設.

        2. Jiàn 建 refers to bringing something into existence through a comprehensive concerted effort.

        3. Jù 具 refers to establishing or setting up what is necessary in a certain context.

        4. Zhì 制 refers to set up institutionally a system.

        5. Cuò 錯 / 措 and zhì 置 (ant. feì 廢 "remove from its proper place") refer to putting something solidly and firmly in its proper place.

        6. Shù 樹 refers to planting or establishing something firmly where one intends it to remain.

        Modern Chinese Criteria
        建立

        成立

        樹立

        設立

        建設

        創立

        奠定

        确立

        設立

        制定

        安置

        使開業

        rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

        • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

          ESTABLISH

          instituere refers to the establishing of any profane institution of any kind.

          instaurare refers to the establishment of a sacred or honorable, or a generally important institution or practice like sacrifices etc.

        • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 229

        Words

        立  lì OC: ɡ-rub MC: lip 93 AttributionsWD

        The current general word for setting up anything abstract or concrete is lì 立 and the almost equally common shè 設.

          Word relations
        • Subject: 法/LAW The current general word for a law, a legal system or any legal provision of any kind is fǎ 法.
        • Ant: 亡/DESTROY Wáng 亡 (ant. fù 復 "reestablish") refers to the political/social ruin of a state and does not focus on any form of physical annihilation or damage.
        • Object: 功/MERIT The current general word for achievements of any kind is gōng 功.
        • Object: 禮/RITUAL The current general term for everything relating to the system of ritual propriety is lǐ 禮. However the term can also be used to refer to individual prescribed rituals.
        • Object: 學/SCHOOL
        • Object: 政/GOVERN Zhèng 政 refers to the basically bureaucratic administration of a state, practical implementation of governmental measures.
        • Contrast: 定/FIX The current general word for fixing something in any objective and interpersonal way, concrete or abstract is dìng 定.
        • Contrast: 生/ARISE Shēng 生 (ant. miè 滅 "be extinguished (as dinosaurs)") refers to the coming into existence of something which did not previously exist. [PERFECTIVE]
        • Contrast: 置/ESTABLISH Cuò 錯/措 and zhì 置 (ant. feì 廢 "remove from its proper place") refer to putting something solidly and firmly in its proper place.
        • Synon: 創/CREATE Chuàng 創 (ant. jì 繼 "continue a line") is a rare word referring to the initiative to start something.
        • Oppos: 廢/DISCARD Fèi 廢 and the rarer tì 替 (all ant. zhì 置 "establish"!!!! See also no. 4 below.) refer to discarding something one has made use of or has been involved with for some time.

          Syntactic words
        • nabactthe establishment
        • vimiddle voicebe administratively established in one's rankCH
        • vt[oN]reflexiveestablished [himself]> took a stand, was his own manCH
        • vtoN1.+N2establish/setup/place N1 in the place N2
        • vtoNabfigurativeintroduce N as common practiceLZ
        • vtoNfigurativebuild up; firmly establish (a tradition of behaviour etc), consolidate; postulate (a thesis, proposition); 
        • vtoNfigurativebe established > be postulated (as a proposition)
        • vtoNfigurative, causativecause to exist, establish and demonstrate (qualities), bring into existence (e.g. laws etc); promote and establish; cause to be established as ruler
        • vtoNmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
        • vtoNmiddle voicebe solidly established
        • vtoNpassivebe brought into existence and get solidly established
        • vtoNreflexive.自establish (onself)
        • vttoN1.+N2establish N2 for N1
        • vttoN1.+N2reflexive.自establish an N2 for (onself)
        設  shè OC: qhjed MC: ɕiɛt 48 AttributionsWD

        The current general word for setting up anything abstract or concrete is lì 立 and the almost equally common shè 設.

          Word relations
        • Assoc: 具 / 俱/PROVIDE Jù 具 refers to providing something or assuring supplies of something without much emphasis on what these things are to be used for in concrete terms.
        • Oppos: 用/ACT

          Syntactic words
        • vimiddle voicebe formally establishedCH
        • vt+prep+Nfigurativemake arrangements for the conduct of N
        • vt+V[0]to set out to VVK
        • vtoNset up, establish administratively; arrange for, make preparations for
        • vtoNfigurativemake arrangements for, make (an oath or efforts etc)
        • vtoNobject=humantry to establish in good conditions; provide forCH
        • vtoNpassivebe formally established
        • vtoNpassive.figurativebe well-established; be properly arrangedDS
        • vttoN1.+prep+N2reflexive.自establish (oneself) in a place N2
        置  zhì OC: tɯɡs MC: ʈɨ 33 AttributionsWD

        Cuò 錯/措 and zhì 置 (ant. feì 廢 "remove from its proper place") refer to putting something solidly and firmly in its proper place.

          Word relations
        • Object: 太子/HEIR Tài zǐ 太子 refers specifically to the formally established and declared heir apparent to a king or an emperor.
        • Object: 君/RULER Jūn 君 (ant. chén 臣 "minister") refers specifically to someone who is politically or administratively in charge of others as a ruler.
        • Contrast: 立/ESTABLISH The current general word for setting up anything abstract or concrete is lì 立 and the almost equally common shè 設.

          Syntactic words
        • vt+prep+Nestablish; politically: establish (e.g. as heir apparent; a new position), institute (a new position); establish (in an old position), appointTWH
        • vtoN.-V[0]establish N in order to V
        • vtoNfigurativeestablish; politically: establish (e.g. as heir apparent; a new position), institute (a new position); establish (in an old position), appoint
        • vtoNpassivebe established
        • vttoN1.+N2enfeoff a person in a place
        樹  shù OC: djoʔ MC: dʑi̯o 24 AttributionsWD

        Shù 樹 refers to planting or establishing something firmly where one intends it to remain.

          Word relations
        • Object: 人/HUMAN The dominant term is rén 人 which refers to any human.

          Syntactic words
        • vtoN[MC rising tone] SHU, guming: establish (protecting walls); LY 3.22: erect (gate screens); ZUO: establish (virtue); promote (people); lay the foundations for; establish and promote (a person as an official)
        • vtoNfigurative[MC rising tone] establish>sort out
        • vtoNreflexive.自[MC rising tone] establish (oneself)
        • vttoN1. prep N2reflexive.自establish oneself in front of N2CH
        • vttoN1.+N2establish N2 for N1
        制  zhì OC: kjeds MC: tɕiɛi 19 AttributionsWD

        Zhì 制 refers to set up institutionally a system.

          Word relations
        • Assoc: 定/FIX The current general word for fixing something in any objective and interpersonal way, concrete or abstract is dìng 定.

          Syntactic words
        • nab.t:post-Nactmilitary unit's set up
        • vt[oN]inchoativestart to set up social order
        • vtoNto institute, to set up
        建  jiàn OC: kans MC: ki̯ɐn 10 AttributionsWD

        Jiàn 建 refers to bringing something into existence through a comprehensive concerted effort.

          Syntactic words
        • vadVconstructively
        • vtoNestablish the use of; SHU, guming: establish (princes); SHU, hongfan: establish (one's perfect points); SHU, pangeng 36: the great mandate; SHU, pangeng 34: establish (your clans); SHI 305: establish (happiness); SHI 179 set up (the tortoise-and snake banner)
        • vtoNpassivebe established GY：德建
        • vtoNreflexive.自figurative: establish oneselfCH
        具  jù OC: ɡos MC: gi̯o 6 AttributionsWD

        Jù 具 refers to establishing or setting up what is necessary in a certain context.

          Syntactic words
        • vtoNput in place
        • vtoNpassivebe properly established; be completely established
        興  xīng OC: qhɯŋ MC: hɨŋ 6 AttributionsWD

          Word relations
        • Ant: 除/REMOVE Chú 除 refers specifically to getting rid of something undesirable.

          Syntactic words
        • nabeventthe successful establishment of someone in office
        • vt+V[0]inchoativeestablish a practice of doing something
        • vtoNcausativecause to rise, establish (an institution or a practice); carry out to full completion; cause to rise in status (a person)
        措  cuò OC: skhaaɡs MC: tshuo̝
        錯  cuò OC: skhaaɡs MC: tshuo̝ 2 AttributionsWD

        Cuò 錯/措 and zhì 置 (ant. feì 廢 "remove from its proper place") refer to putting something solidly and firmly in its proper place.

          Syntactic words
        • vtoNLY 13.3: put down (one's hands and feet); lay down (the law), establish (laws)
        • vtoNfigurativeestablish 措意 establish meaning > make sense, find meaning in something
        植  zhí OC: djɯɡ MC: dʑɨk 2 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vadNprotrudingLZ
        • vtoNraise upright; establish upright
        結  jié OC: kiid MC: ket 2 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNform (relations etc)
        • vtoNpassiveget established (relations etc.)LZ
        飭  chì OC: khrlɯɡ MC: ʈhɨk 2 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNestablish properly (in a neat way)
        封建  fēng jiàn OC: poŋ kans MC: pi̯oŋ ki̯ɐn 2 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPtoNestablish or produce (as a solid result of one's efforts)
        乘  chéng OC: ɢjɯŋ MC: ʑɨŋ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • vttoN1.+prep+N2establish (someone N1) in (a position N2)乘不肖人於勢
        反  fǎn OC: panʔ MC: pi̯ɐn 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNreestablish
        展  zhǎn OC: tenʔ MC: ʈiɛn 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNdevelop further; strengthen the establishment of
        鎮  zhèn OC: tins MC: ʈin 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNestablish firmly, ensconce
        創始  chuàng shǐ OC: skhraŋs lʰɯʔ MC: ʈʂhi̯ɐŋ ɕɨ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPtoNcreate for the first time > establish ??
        建定  jiàn dìng OC: kans deeŋs MC: ki̯ɐn deŋ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPtoNresultativeestablish so as to fix
        建立  jiàn lì OC: kans ɡ-rub MC: ki̯ɐn lip 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPt(oN)figurativeestablish
        • VPtoNfigurativeestablish
        成立  chéng lì OC: djeŋ ɡ-rub MC: dʑiɛŋ lip 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPichangeget properly established
        整設  zhěng shè OC: tjeŋʔ qhjed MC: tɕiɛŋ ɕiɛt 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPtoNset up and arrange neatly
        營理  yíng lǐ OC: ɢʷleŋ ɡ-rɯʔ MC: jiɛŋ lɨ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPtoNestablish
        設上  shè shàng OC: qhjed ɡljaŋʔ MC: ɕiɛt dʑi̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPtoNmake proper arrangements for
        豎立  shù lì OC: djoʔ ɡ-rub MC: dʑi̯o lip 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPtoNfigurativeestablish as true

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