DISTANT    遠遠

RELATION between TWO THINGS that are NOT MUTUALLY NEAR.
FARAWAYFAR-OFFFARFAR-FLUNGREMOTEOUT OF THE WAYOUTLYINGEXTRASOLAR
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The clearly dominant term for distance in general is yuǎn 遠 (ant. jìn 近 "close"). 2. Shū 疏 (ant. qīn 親 "close") often refers to distance of relation in a more than purely physical sense. 3. Yōu 悠 and jiǒng 迥 is a poetic word describing as distant something which one wishes was near. 4. Liáo 遼 is a poetic referring to what is distant and remote in space and therefore an obscure place. Note liáo yuǎn 遼遠. 5. Miǎo 邈 is a rare poetic word, and from the few usages we have it seems more frequently to refer to distance in time. 6. Yáo 遙 is an elusive poetic word referring to a mystical distance, typically the distance into which one roams freely xiāo yáo 逍遙. 7. Qù 去 can refer to concrete or abstract distance, and in the abstract case the distance is close in meaning to difference. 8. Lí 離 in this sense is a purely geometrical terms that can sometimes refer to the distance of some object from another. 9. Jué 絕 "cut-off, distant" is a fairly elevated way of referring to the remoteness of a region. 10. Xiá 遐 (ant. ěr 邇 "close"), a distinctly rare and archaic word, describes something as not only distant, but also ethereal, remote and difficult of access.
Modern Chinese Criteria
遠 遙 遙遠 遙遙 遼遠 悠遠 修遠 迢迢 幽幽 修迥 杳渺 迢遞 千里迢迢 千山萬水 萬水千山 天南海北 遠在天邊 天各一方 天涯海角 十萬八千里 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • ISOLATED　DISTANT FROM THE CENTRE AND THEREFORE LACKING MANY PEOPLE. (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • NEARRELATION of being at a SMALL DISTANCE of SPACE OR TIME IN-RELATION-TO something.
  • INTIMATEINTERACT HARMONIOUSLY BECAUSE of MUTUAL LOVE.
See also
  • LONGBIG in ONE HORIZONTAL DIRECTION. See also ENDURING.
Hypernym
  • RELATION　FEATURE of TWO OR MORE THINGS TOGETHER. (anc: 4/0, child: 15)
  • FEATURE　ABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE. (anc: 3/0, child: 19)
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)
  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 255

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    AFAR

    procul refers to something being at a considerable distance but still within sight.

    longe refers to something being at a great distance, generally out of sight.

    e longinquo "from afar".

  • “荀子”單音節形容詞同義關係研究 ( HUANG XIAODONG 2003) p. 58

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 336

  • “孟子”同義詞研究 ( MENGZI TONGYI 2002) p. 85

  • "三國志"同義詞及其歷史演變 ( WANG TONGWEI 2010) p. 450-460

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1450

    遐，遠，遙，遼，邈，迥

    1. WL claims that xia2 遐 is older than yua3n 遠 but fulfilled the same functions during this earlier period. The evidence for this is extremely slim, and what evidence there is tends to suggest that xia2 遐 was a much more poetic word than the jejune and neutral yua3n 遠.

    2. Ya2o 遙 does not have any current meaning 久遠 in the sources I have investigated. The word is poetic and refers to a spatial - often figurative and metaphysical - remote distance.

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 259

    • Words (58 items)

    遠  yuǎn OC: ɢʷanʔ MC: ɦi̯ɐn 131 Attributions

    The clearly dominant term for distance in general is yuǎn 遠 (ant. jìn 近 "close").

      Word relations
    • Ant: 近/NEAR The dominant general word is jìn 近 (ant. yuǎn 遠 "far") which refers to any concrete or abstract proximity in space, time or quality.
    • Ant: 親/INTIMATE The general word for close familiarity is qīn 親 (ant. shū 疏 "have only distant relations with"), but the word often retains connotations of kinship relations.
    • Ant: 邇/NEAR Eψ 邇 is an archaic and elevated general term for closeness.
    • Epithet: 方/PLACE
    • Epithet: 遊 / 游/TRAVEL Yóu 遊／游 refers specifically to travelling for pleasure.
    • Epithet: 道/WAY Dào 道, when used in its concrete meaning referring to a means of communication tends to refer to a larger line of communication, and the traditional claim is that the term refers to a road where two vehicles can pass each other. Thus the First Emperor called his Autobahns chí dào 馳道 and not chí lù 馳路.
    • Contrast: 敬/RESPECT The current general word for respectful attitudes and actions is jìng 敬 (ant. màn 慢 "fail to show proper respect for").
    • Assoc: 久/PAST
    • Assoc: 疏/DISTANT Shū 疏 (ant. qīn 親 "close") often refers to distance of relation in a more than purely physical sense.
    • Assoc: 高/HIGH The manifestly dominant general word is gāo 高(ant. bēi 卑 "low" and xià 下 "low") which refers to concrete as well as abstract elevation.

      Syntactic words
    • DELETEfigurativeone who is on distant terms
    • nabconceptdistance
    • nabfeature(the fact of) being far awayCH
    • v[adN]distant places; what is remote (and therefore inaccessible); often comparative: what is (more) distant, a distant place or thing
    • v[adN]N=humanthose people who are physically distant from the contextually determinate NCH
    • v[adN]nonreferentialthose who are distant; fig: the disaffected
    • v[adN]timethose who are distant in time (i.e. long dead)
    • vadNdistant, far-away; from far away
    • vadNfigurativeunrelated
    • vadNfigurativedistant in time
    • vadNfigurative=far-reachingfar-reaching
    • vadNoriginfrom a distant place
    • vadSin the distance
    • vadVin the far distance, far away; into the far distance; on a distant journey; over a long distance
    • vadVfigurativewith a long future perspective; with a long-term perspective; be far-reaching
    • vadVfigurativefrom a distant pastLZ
    • vadVfromfrom a long distance
    • vadVgradedat a greater distance, further away
    • vibe distant; be far away, be far off; be a long way; go a long way
    • viconstitute a long distanceCH
    • vi(of a journey to travel): be farCH
    • viactgo a long way; cover a large distance
    • vichangebecome more and more distantLZ
    • vifigurativebe far-reaching; have far-reaching significance
    • vpostadVfigurativegreatly; by a wide margin; by a long shot
    • vt(oN)imperativeyuàn: move off from a contextually determinate point in space
    • vt(oN)stativebe distant from the contextually determinate object
    • vt(oN.)[adN]those who are distantCH
    • vt+prep+Nfigurativebe widely different from; be at variance with
    • vt+prep+Ngradedbe further away than N, be more distant than N
    • vt+prep+NN=placebe far away in place N
    • vt1post-vt2oNbe distant from 與X遠　“be far away from X"CH
    • vt[oN]be distant from oneself or from the current subject of the phraseCH
    • vt[oN]figurativechange: become more and more distant (from the very goal; from other things or people)LZ
    • vtoNbe far from
    • vtoNactkeep one's proper distance
    • vtoNcausativecause to be distant, keep (one's person) at a distance (from something); keep someone else at a distance
    • vtoNcausativebe kept at a distance
    • vtoNfigurativeget far away from something (of principles, doctrine etc.)
    • vtoNfigurativebe at variance with
    • vtoNputativeregard as far away, regard as being a long distance to travel. Also pronounced as yuàn.
    疏  shū OC: sqra MC: ʂi̯ɤ 21 Attributions

    Shū 疏 (ant. qīn 親 "close") often refers to distance of relation in a more than purely physical sense.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 親/INTIMATE The general word for close familiarity is qīn 親 (ant. shū 疏 "have only distant relations with"), but the word often retains connotations of kinship relations.
    • Ant: 近/INTIMATE
    • Contrast: 薄/TENUOUS Báo 薄 (ant. hòu 厚 "substantial") refers to anything thin or slight.
    • Assoc: 賤/HUMBLE Jiàn 賤 (ant. 貴 "objectively of high standard, but also personally and subjectively judged to deserve this high status") typically adds to the notion of objectively judged low status that of subjectively appreciated moral decrepitude.
    • Assoc: 遠/DISTANT The clearly dominant term for distance in general is yuǎn 遠 (ant. jìn 近 "close").

      Syntactic words
    • v[adN]nonreferentialone who is distant, one who is not on close terms
    • vadNdistant; distantly related
    • vadVat a distance
    • vibe removed, be separated, estranged; have distant relations; have no direct access to the ruler;
    • vi2figurativebe on distant terms, not be on intimate terms; have hostile relationsDS
    • vichangebecome (more and more) estranged
    • vifigurativemaintain a ritually proper distance to othersCH
    • vt(oN)figurativestay at distance from a contextually determinate person
    • vt+prep+Nfigurativebe longer than (another period of time)
    • vt+prep+Nstativebe distant from
    • vtoNattitudinaltreat as distant; keep at a distance by failing to treat someone as a confidante
    • vtoNattitudinalbe treated as distant
    • vttoN1(.+prep+N2)causativekeep (oneself) at a distance from a contextually determinate N2
    遙  yáo OC: k-lew MC: jiɛu 18 Attributions

    Yáo 遙 is an elusive poetic word referring to a mystical distance, typically the distance into which one roams freely xiāo yáo 逍遙.

      Syntactic words
    • vadVinto the far distance; from a far distance; in the far distance; into the distance
    • vibe distant; far away; be further away
    • vi.redbe very distant
    • viactgo far away
    去  qù OC: khas MC: khi̯ɤ 12 Attributions

    Qù 去 can refer to concrete or abstract distance, and in the abstract case the distance is close in meaning to difference.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 歸/RALLY The general word for rallying around someone or turning to some place is guī 歸 (ant. lí 離 "distance oneself from") and refers to any group of persons feeling loyal towards and showing allegiance to someone through their action.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbe distant from; be different from;
    • vtoN1.postN2:+VN2 is far away N1 to the extent of VDS
    • vtoNcausativekeep at a distance; keep abayCH
    • vtoNfigurativeto be removed in time (from somebody or from an event)
    • vttoN1.+N2at a distance of a length N2 from a place N1
    曾  zēng OC: tsɯɯŋ MC: tsəŋ 10 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • padNtimeremoved by one generation, great-(grandson)
    千里  qiān lǐ MC: tshen liX OC: snʰiin ɡ-rɯʔ 9 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP[adN]abstractdistance of one thousand LiDS
    • NPpostadVby a very long distanceCH
    • VPito travel thousand miles, to travel a very long distanceLZ
    遐  xiá OC: ɡraa MC: ɦɣɛ 7 Attributions

    Xiá 遐 (ant. ěr 邇 "close"), a distinctly rare and archaic word, describes something as not only distant, but also ethereal, remote and difficult of access.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNdistant
    • vadNfigurativefar-reaching; remote; distant; refecting
    • vadVinto the mystical distance; into the distance
    • vibe distant
    邈  miǎo OC: mreewɡ MC: mɣɔk 7 Attributions

    Miǎo 邈 is a rare poetic word, and from the few usages we have it seems more frequently to refer to distance in time.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 絕/DISTANT Jué 絕"cut-off, distant" is a fairly elevated way of referring to the remoteness of a region.

      Syntactic words
    • v-V1.adV2from a distance
    • vi-pderivedbe absent-minded; have distant preoccupationsCH
    • vi.redspacebe very distant
    • vitimebe distant in time
    離  lí OC: b-rel MC: liɛ 7 Attributions

    Lí 離 in this sense is a purely geometrical terms that can sometimes refer to the distance of some object from another.

      Syntactic words
    • vt[oN]become distant from one
    • vtoN.adVfigurativemaintaining a distance from, standing apart fromCH
    • vtoNstativebe (so-and-so much) distant from; be away from; fail to be close to; separate oneself out (from), deviate from; be quite distant/distinct from; be unassociated with
    悠  yōu OC: k-lɯw MC: jɨu 7 Attributions

    Yōu 悠 and jiǒng 迥 is a poetic word describing as distant something which one wishes was near.

      Syntactic words
    • v.red:adNvery distant
    • vadVin the distance
    • vadV.redintensitiveinto the far distance
    • vidistant[far-reaching][CA]
    • vi.redintensitivebe very distant
    遠近  yuǎn jìn OC: ɢʷanʔ ɡɯnʔ MC: ɦi̯ɐn gɨn 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPab{nab1ant.nab2}conceptdistance
    • NPab{nab1ant.nab2}featurerelative distance
    䟽  shū MC: -- OC: sqra 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vi2change, figurative= shu1 疏: to get estranged from each otherLZ
    • vi2figurativebe (relatively more) distant from each otherCH
    • vtoNfigurative= 疏, keep N at bay, get estranged with NLZ
    泂  jiǒng OC: ɡʷeeŋʔ MC: ɦeŋ
    迥  jiǒng OC: ɡʷeeŋʔ MC: ɦeŋ 5 Attributions

      Word relations

      Syntactic words
    • vadNrare, poetic, SHI 251: be distant
    • vadVin/to/from a distant place
    • vibe long
    遼遠  liáo yuǎn OC: ɡ-reew ɢʷanʔ MC: leu ɦi̯ɐn 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVin distant places
    • VPibe distant
    • VPiacthave come a long way
    遼  liáo OC: ɡ-reew MC: leu 4 Attributions

    Liáo 遼 is a poetic referring to what is distant and remote in space and therefore an obscure place. Note liáo yuǎn 遼遠.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 幽/DARK The most current general word for physical shadowiness and obscurity is probably yōu 幽 (ant. míng 明 "bright"), but this word often has lyrical overtones of secluded peace.
    • Assoc: 幽/DARK The most current general word for physical shadowiness and obscurity is probably yōu 幽 (ant. míng 明 "bright"), but this word often has lyrical overtones of secluded peace.
    • Assoc: 遠/DIFFERENT

      Syntactic words
    • vadNbe distant
    • vi.redspacebe very distant
    • vispacepoetic, CC516: distant (view of mountains)
    悠遠  yōu yuǎn OC: k-lɯw ɢʷanʔ MC: jɨu ɦi̯ɐn 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiintensitivebe very distant
    藐  miǎo OC: mewʔ MC: miɛu 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadN＝邈 distant
    疏遠  shū yuǎn OC: sqra ɢʷanʔ MC: ʂi̯ɤ ɦi̯ɐn 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]a distant person; distant people, people not in close relations with someone in power
    • VPiabstract: be alienated
    • VPtoNattitudinalkeep at a distance
    新  xīn OC: siŋ MC: sin 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabfeaturedistance of relationship, lack of depth of friendship
    • nfigurativestranger
    眇  miǎo OC: mewʔ MC: miɛu 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nsubjectwhat is distant; the distant
    • vibe distant
    • vviderivedreach far into the (metaphysical) distanceCH
    辟  pì OC: beɡ MC: biɛk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe far away
    四遠  sì yuǎn OC: plids ɢʷanʔ MC: si ɦi̯ɐn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadNfrom all distant directions and quarters
    • NPadVfrom all distant directions
    離別  lí bié OC: b-rel bred MC: liɛ biɛt 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeatureseparation, state of separation
    • VPtoNbe separated from; become separated from
    䟽遠  shū yuǎn MC: -- hjwonX OC: sqra ɢʷanʔ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]figurativesomebody at distant relationsDS
    • VPtoN(= shu1yuan4 疏遠), keep N at bay, get estranged with NLZ
    深遠  shēn yuǎn OC: qhljum ɢʷanʔ MC: ɕim ɦi̯ɐn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPi(temporally) far away; far (in the past or future)
    • VPt[oN]be (spatially) far away from hereCH
    遙蕩  yáo tàng MC: -- thangH OC: k-lew kh-laaŋs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNpoeticdistant; far-awayCH
    遠邇  yuǎn ěr OC: ɢʷanʔ mljelʔ MC: ɦi̯ɐn ȵiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPab{nab1ant.nab2}featurerelative distance
    隱僻  yǐn pì MC: 'j+nX phjiek OC: qɯnʔ pheɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNremote and uncivilisedLZ
    邃  suì OC: sqluds MC: si 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNdistant; deep; remote
    • viCC 340: deep, remote (chambers); post-Han: remote (antiquity etc)
    間  jiàn MC: -- OC: kreens
    間閒  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNstativebe distant from
    短長  duǎn cháng OC: toonʔ ɡrlaŋ MC: tʷɑn ɖi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeatureimminence or distance in time
    悠然  yōu rán MC: yuw nyen OC: k-lɯw njen 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVin a distance; far awayDS
    屏處  píng chù OC: beeŋ qhljas MC: beŋ tɕhi̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPremote place
    緜邈  mián miǎo MC: mjien maewk OC: men mreewɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]what towers remote, what is imposing and remoteCH
    楚越  chǔ yuè OC: skhraʔ ɢʷad MC: ʈʂhi̯ɤ ɦi̯ɐt 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPifigurativethe states of Chǔ and Yuè > be as distant as the states of Chǔ and Yuè > be distant from
    偏  piān MC: phjien OC: phen 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viinchoativebecome remote DS
    坰  jiōng OC: kʷeeŋ MC: keŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNdistant; outlying; far from the capital
    外  wài OC: ŋoods MC: ŋɑi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNYIJING, XICI: keep at a distance, refuse to associate with 外君子 “keep gentlemen at a distance"
    屏  píng OC: beeŋ MC: beŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNremote and obscure
    • vadVfar off; far away; isolated and remote
    迥然  jiǒng rán OC: ɡʷeeŋʔ njen MC: ɦeŋ ȵiɛn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVtoa distant place
    僻遠  pì yuǎn OC: pheeɡ ɢʷanʔ MC: phek ɦi̯ɐn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPremote place
    望  wàng OC: maŋs MC: mi̯ɐŋ
    望  (wáng) OC: maŋ MC: mi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN1.+N2at a distance of N2 from N1
    別疏  bié shū OC: bred sqra MC: biɛt ʂi̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNcausativecause to be distant from each other
    姚遠  yáo yuǎn MC: -- hjwonX OC: k-lew ɢʷanʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPifigurative(= 遙遠) be far-reachingLZ
    絕  jué OC: dzod MC: dziɛt 1 Attribution

    Jué 絕"cut-off, distant" is a fairly elevated way of referring to the remoteness of a region.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 邈/DISTANT Miǎo 邈 is a rare poetic word, and from the few usages we have it seems more frequently to refer to distance in time.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNdistant 絕域 "cut-off distant regions"
    • vitimebe far removed in time
    • vtoNstativebe far removed from (DCD 9)
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2cause N1 to be away from N2> keep away from
    別離  bié lí OC: bred b-rel MC: biɛt liɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNstativebe separated from each other
    逴  chuō OC: rtheewɡ MC: ʈhɣɔk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactSJ: (walk) over a long distance
    釗  jiāo OC: kleew MC: keu
    釗  zhāo OC: kljew MC: tɕiɛu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    闊  kuò OC: khood MC: khʷɑt 0 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • viSHI 31: (cut off and) separated (in life and death), far away
    脩遠  xiū yuǎn OC: sqlɯw ɢʷanʔ MC: sɨu ɦi̯ɐn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiintensitive: be very far
    悠邈  yōu miǎo OC: k-lɯw mreewɡ MC: jɨu mɣɔk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe sadly distant
    別  bié OC: pred MC: piɛt 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychproper distancing
    • vibe far removed, be far away
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP[adN]abstractdistance of one thousand LiDS
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]what towers remote, what is imposing and remoteCH
    敻  xiòng OC: - MC: hiɛŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viguliang: distant
    杳  yǎo OC: qeewʔ MC: ʔeu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vifigurativefar-reaching
    殥  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 Attributions

    yín

      Syntactic words
    • nccsubjectHNZ: distant place; remote region
    迢遰  tiáo dì OC: ɡ-leew deeds MC: deu dei 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words