DIFFERENT  差別

RELATION of NOT MUTUALLY RESEMBLING.
DISSIMILARUNALIKEUNLIKECONTRASTINGCONTRASTIVEDIVERGENTDIFFERINGVARYINGDISPARATEPOLES APARTINCOMPATIBLEMISMATCHEDCONFLICTINGCLASHINGDISSIMILARITYCONTRASTDISTINCTIONDIFFERENTIATIONVARIANCEVARIATIONDIVERGENCEDISPARITYDEVIATIONPOLARITYGULFGAPIMBALANCECONTRADICTIONCONTRADISTINCTION
Antonym
  • SAMERELATION of NOT being DIFFERENT.
    Hypernym
    • RELATIONFEATURE of TWO OR MORE THINGS TOGETHER.
      • FEATUREABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE.
        • OBJECT[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to.
    See also
    • DISTINGUISHSPEAK OR THINK so as to UNDERSTAND OR to CAUSE OTHERS to UNDERSTAND that DIFFERENT THINGS are DIFFERENT.
      Hyponym
      • CONTRARY　INTENSELY DIFFERENT so as to INTERFERE.
        • NOT　BE CONTRARY to what is SAID in the WORDS that FOLLOW....
      • OTHER　DIFFERENT THING of the SAME CATEGORY.
      • CRAZY　VOLUNTARILY DIFFERENT from CUSTOM.
        • HETERODOX　DIFFERENT IN-RELATION-TO what is OBLIGATORY OPINION.
          • SPECIAL　DIFFERENT from TYPICAL EXAMPLES.
            Old Chinese Criteria
            1. The dominant general term for difference is yì 異 (ant. tóng 同 "be the same").

            2. Fēn 分 and bié 別 is a difference established by humans through convention or by an intellectual effort. See DISTINGUISH

            3. Chà 差 (ant. děng 等 "be without difference established by social conventions") refers to a difference established through social practice.

            4. Shū 殊 (ant. jìn 近 "essentially close to", yī 一 "be one and the same") refers abstractly to a categorial distance.

            Modern Chinese Criteria
            殊異

            各別

            兩樣

            不等

            不一樣

            不同

            差別

            別

            異樣

            異

            區別

            出入

            差異

            異樣

            歧異

            差距

            距離

            千差萬別

            rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

            • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 508

              DIFFERENTIA est duorum aut plurium ab invicem, re aliqua distantia.

              Constat 1. Duobus, qui conferuntur. et 2. Uno tertio, in quo conferuntur 3. Illorumqve hinc et hinc Discessu a media forma.

            • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

              DIFFERENT

              varium refers to differences within a given thing, "varied".

              versicolor refers to something that is varied in colour, or changes in colour.

              diversum refers to something different from other things "distinct".

              contrarium refers to something that is not only distinct but directly the opposite of something else.

            • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 332

            • “孟子”同義詞研究 ( MENGZI TONGYI 2002) p. 298

            • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 2.235

              DIFFERENZ

              See also UNTERSCHIED, SPEZIFISCHER

            • Key Concepts in Chinese Philosophy ( ZHANG DAINIAN 2002) p. 262

            • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.16:15

              DIFFERENCE.INEGALITE.DISPARITE

            • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.245.201

              DIFFERENCE.DIVERSITE.VARIETE.BIGARRURE

            • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 248

            • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. NO. 56

            Words

            異  yì OC: p-lɯɡs MC: jɨ 113 AttributionsWD

            The dominant general term for difference is yì 異 (ant. tóng 同 "be the same").

              Word relations
            • Ant: 同/SAME
            • Ant: 鈞 / 均/SAME
            • Ant: 常/ORDINARY
            • Ant: 一/SAME
            • Contrast: 乖/CONTRARY Guāi 乖 refers to any kind of practical contradiction or opposition, also opposition to what is current and acceptable. See WICKED
            • Contrast: 各/ALL Gè 各 quantifies by emphasising the separate features of each item quantiified over. [INDIVIDUAL], [SUBJECT-BINDING]; [n+Vt]
            • Synon: 別/DIFFERENT Fēn 分and bié 別 is a difference established by humans through convention or by an intellectual effort. See DISTINGUISH
            • Synon: 殊/DIFFERENT Shū 殊 (ant. jìn 近 "essentially close to", yī 一 "be one and the same") refers abstractly to a categorial distanc

              Syntactic words
            • nab.t:+prep+Nrelationaldifference from N
            • nab.trelationaldifference from N
            • nabconceptdifference
            • nabfeaturedifference
            • nsubjectsomething different; different things
            • vadNdifferent
            • vadVin different ways; different object
            • vistand out; be different from the ordinary, extraordinary, exceptional, phenomenal
            • vi2(of several subejcts) diverge, differ from each other, be different; be extraordinary, be remarkable
            • vi2post-.vtoNbe different from NDS
            • viactDELETE
            • vichangebecome different
            • virepeatedbe different... be different: the two are different from one another
            • vt(+prep+N)be different from NCH
            • vt+prep+Nstativeto be different from, to differ from something 異於 [also: 異乎]
            • vt2differ from each other as to (e.g. customs etc) see also 異乎
            • vtoNattitudinaltreat as special and different
            • vtoNcausativecause the N to be different; make sure that the N should be different
            • vtoNcausativebe caused to differ: be made different
            • vtoNstativediffer with respect to; differ in respect of. Also: be different from
            • vtoNstativebe different from NCH
            殊  shū OC: djo MC: dʑi̯o 25 AttributionsWD

            Shū 殊 (ant. jìn 近 "essentially close to", yī 一 "be one and the same") refers abstractly to a categorial distanc

              Syntactic words
            • nabfeaturedifference; point of difference
            • v[adN]different featuresCH
            • vadNdifferent
            • vi2be different
            • vi2inchoativecome to be differentCH
            • vt(oN)be different from the contextually determinate NCH
            • vt+prep+Nmark oneself out from; be different from
            • vtoNstativediffer with respect to
            • vttoN1.+N2attitudinaltreat (something/somebody N1) as different from (something else N2)
            分  fēn OC: pɯn MC: pi̯un 21 AttributionsWD

            Fēn 分and bié 別 is a difference established by humans through convention or by an intellectual effort. See DISTINGUISH

              Syntactic words
            • nab.post-Nmetaphysicaldifference in/between N; distinction; distinguishing features
            • nabmetaphysicaldifference; distinctionDS
            • vadVseparately; in different places
            • vi2be different (from each other)
            • vttoN1.+N2causativecause N1 to remain different from N2; separate N1 from N2
            別  bié OC: pred MC: piɛt 19 AttributionsWD

            Fēn 分and bié 別 is a difference established by humans through convention or by an intellectual effort. See DISTINGUISH

              Word relations
            • Ant: 同/SAME
            • Ant: 總/SUMMARISE
            • Contrast: 殊/DIFFERENT Shū 殊 (ant. jìn 近 "essentially close to", yī 一 "be one and the same") refers abstractly to a categorial distanc
            • Synon: 差/DIFFERENT Chà 差 (ant. děng 等"be without difference established by social conventions") refers to a difference established through social practice.
            • Synon: 異/DIFFERENT The dominant general term for difference is yì 異 (ant. tóng 同 "be the same").

              Syntactic words
            • nabconceptdifference
            • nabfeaturedifference
            • vad.VtoNreference=N(verb) a different object N
            • vadNalternative, different 別名
            • vadVdifferently, in a different way
            • vistand out as different
            • vi2(of two subjects) be different
            • vt(oN)be different from the contextually determinate N
            • vt+prep+Nbe different from N
            • vt+prep+Ncausativemake (oneself) different from N
            • vtoNcausativemake different, ensure that (something) becomes different> modify (note the contrast with DISTINGUISH)
            • vtoNcausativecause (oneself) to be distinct
            • vtoNstativediffer with respect to
            • vtoVto separate so as to V, to become different so as to VVK
            差  chà MC: zyik OC: skhraals 9 AttributionsWD

            Chà 差 (ant. děng 等"be without difference established by social conventions") refers to a difference established through social practice.

              Word relations
            • Synon: 別/DIFFERENT Fēn 分and bié 別 is a difference established by humans through convention or by an intellectual effort. See DISTINGUISH

              Syntactic words
            • nab.t:post-Nmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: differenceThis word occurs only in the commentaries, and not in JZ. One might think of 差 as the result the operation of substraction. In the formulation xy 差 "difference between x and y" the reference is to the result of subtracting the smaller one of x and y from the larger.JZ 9.5, Liu Hui's comm: 是其冪以股弦差為廣股弦并為袤 "As for this its quantified extension one takes the difference between the height and the hypotenuse as width, and one takes the sum of the height and the hypotenuse as length." Note that while bìng 并 is used both before and after the two terms added, and can even intervene between the two, chà 差 only occurs in "inverse Polish notation" word order, after the two terms between which the difference is calculated.JZ 9.15: 句弦差減股為圓徑 "Subtracting the difference between the base and the hypotenuse from the height makes the diameter of a circle."JZ 9.15, Liu Hui's comm: 以句弦差乘股弦差而倍之，開方除之... "Multiplying the difference between the base and the hypotenuse by the difference between the height and the hypotenuse, doubling this and dividing the result (note that 之 regularly refers to the result of the operation immediately preceding, thus not being strictly anaphoric) by extraction of the square root..."When the difference between x and y itself becomes a term in further calculation, it can be referred to only by chà 差, never by 減. The operation itself, also, must then always be designated with chà 差.
            • nabactdistinction made; differentiation in practice; hierarchical differentiation
            • nabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: differenceJZ 9.6, Liu Hui's comm: 減此差冪於矩冪 "One subtracts the square of this difference from the quantified extension of the gnomon."
            • vi2deviate from each other, be inconsistent with each otherCH
            • vt(oN)be different from N; be an exception
            不同  bù tóng OC: pɯʔ looŋ MC: pi̯ut duŋ 9 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • nabdifferent features; differences (of detail)CH
            • VPi2be different; be at variance
            • VPt+Nstativebe different from; be at variance with
            二三  èr sān OC: njis saam MC: ȵi sɑm 9 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPabactinconstancy, wavering difference in behaviourCH
            • VPibe waveringCH
            • VPtoNcause to be various/multifarious> make different, make vary
            • VPtoNbe wavering with regard to, be inconstant with regard toCH
            不然  bù rán MC: pjut nyen OC: pɯʔ njenLZ 8 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPibe different, behave differentlyLZ
            • VPpostadVdifferentlyLZ
            差別  chā bié OC: skhraal pred MC: ʈʂhɣɛ piɛt 7 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPabbuddhistnon-discrimination
            • NPabrelationaldifference
            • VPi2they are different
            去  qù OC: khas MC: khi̯ɤ 6 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoNstativebe different from
            縣  xuán MC: hwen OC: ɢʷeenLZ 6 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoNdiffer fromLZ
            • vtoNcausativeto make NP{=N1 N2} differ, distinguish between (N1 and N2)LZ
            • vtoNmutualdiffer from each otherLZ
            • vtoNpassiveto get diffentiatedLZ
            二  èr OC: njis MC: ȵi 5 AttributionsWD

              Syntactic words
            • vadNdualistic
            • vibe two > be different (from each other); dualistic
            貳  èr OC: njis MC: ȵi 5 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • vi2abstractmake a significant difference (intellectually, morally, philosophically)CH
            • vtoN(undesirably) differ fromLZ
            • vtoNcausativedissociate (oneself) from
            • vttoN1.+prep+N2causativedissociate (oneself) from N2
            遠  yuǎn OC: ɢʷanʔ MC: ɦi̯ɐn 4 AttributionsWD

              Word relations
            • Assoc: 遼/DISTANT Liáo 遼 is a poetic referring to what is distant and remote in space and therefore an obscure place. Note liáo yuǎn 遼遠.

              Syntactic words
            • vpostadVby a wide margin of difference
            • vtoNfigurativebe figuratively distant from> be widely different, be far different
            離  lí MC: lje  OC: b-rel CH 4 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoNabstractbe different fromCH
            • vtoVto become different so as to V, to become separate so as to VVK
            間  jiàn MC: -- OC: kreens 2 AttributionsWD

              Word relations
            • Ant: 和/HARMONY The general word for bringing something into a state where it is well in tune or keeping in tune with something is hé 和.

              Syntactic words
            • nabconceptdifference HN: 醜美有間焉 "There is a difference between the ugly and the beautiful"
            • vt+prep+N間於　be different from
            相去  xiāng qù qǔ MC: sjang khjoX  OC: sqaŋ khaʔ CH 2 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPabdifference, contrastCH
            相懸  xiāng xuán MC: sjang hwen  OC: sqaŋ ɢʷeen CH 2 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPi2differ from each otherCH
            介  jiè OC: kreeds MC: kɣɛi 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • vt+prep+Nstativeseparate oneself from; be separate from; be divided in
            辨  biàn OC: brenʔ MC: biɛn 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoNstativediffer with respect to
            出入  chū rù OC: khljud njub MC: tɕhʷit ȵip 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPiactdeviate
            有殊  yǒu shū OC: ɢʷɯʔ djo MC: ɦɨu dʑi̯o 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPi2be widely different
            殊別  shū bié OC: djo pred MC: dʑi̯o piɛt 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPibe different
            異姓  yì xìng OC: p-lɯɡs seŋs MC: jɨ siɛŋ 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPi2[vt+N] "differ from each other with respect to surname" [probably no need for this entry!]
            楚越  chù yuè MC: tsrhjoX hjwot OC: skhras ɢʷadCH 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPi0be different (as the states of Chu from Yue, who were constantly at war)CH
            區分  qū fēn MC: khju pjun OC: kho pɯnCH 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPabdistinctionsCH
            絕殊  jué shū MC: -- dzyu OC: dzod djoCH 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtpostN{OBJ}be absolutely different fromCH
            有異  yǒu yì MC: hjuwX yiH OC: ɢʷɯʔ p-lɯɡsCH 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPt prep Nbe different from NCH
            分異  fēn yì MC: pjun yiH OC: pɯn p-lɯɡsLZ 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPtoNdeliberately differ from NLZ
            辯  biàn MC: bjenX OC: brenʔCH 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • nab=辨？ significant differenceCH
            衰  cuī MC: tsrhjwe OC: tshrolLZ 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoNcausativedifferentiateLZ
            不齊  bù qí MC: pjut dzej OC: pɯʔ dziilCH 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPabcontrast; unevennesCH
            萬殊  wàn shū MC: -- dzyu OC: mblans djoDS 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPi2be very differentDS
            异  yì OC: k-lɯs MC: jɨ 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • vidifferent (SHU ??)
            較  jiào OC: kraawɡs MC: kɣɛu 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • nabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: (in later (seventh cent. or Song) mathematical texts:) difference
            具異  jù yì OC: ɡos p-lɯɡs MC: gi̯o jɨ 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPibe neatly different
            分別  fēn bié OC: pɯn pred MC: pi̯un piɛt 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPabrelationaldistinction
            列差  liè chā OC: b-red skhraal MC: liɛt ʈʂhɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
            參差  cēn cī OC: tshrum skhral MC: ʈʂhim ʈʂhiɛ 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPimathematical termCHEMLA 2003: of different width (taille)
            各別  gè bié OC: klaaɡ pred MC: kɑk piɛt 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPi2be different from each other
            異  yì OC: p-lɯɡs MC: jɨ 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPabfeaturedifference from the ordinary, extraordinariness; uniqueness
            懸殊  xuán shū OC: ɢʷeen djo MC: ɦen dʑi̯o 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPisubject=pluralbe quite different
            設差  shè chā OC: qhjed skhraal MC: ɕiɛt ʈʂhɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
            雲泥  yún ní OC: ɢun niil MC: ɦi̯un nei 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPigradedcloud and mud > be as different as cloud and mud > be different
              Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoNdiffer fromCH
              Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoNdiffer fromCH
              Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoNdiffer fromCH
              Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoNdiffer fromCH
              Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoNabstractdiffer fromCH
              Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • vtoNabstractdiffer fromCH
              Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • VPi0be different (as the states of Chu from Yue, who were constantly at war)CH
              Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPabdistinctionsCH

            Existing SW for

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