DIFFERENT    差別

RELATION of NOT MUTUALLY RESEMBLING.
DISSIMILARUNALIKEUNLIKECONTRASTINGCONTRASTIVEDIVERGENTDIFFERINGVARYINGDISPARATEPOLES APARTINCOMPATIBLEMISMATCHEDCONFLICTINGCLASHINGDISSIMILARITYCONTRASTDISTINCTIONDIFFERENTIATIONVARIANCEVARIATIONDIVERGENCEDISPARITYDEVIATIONPOLARITYGULFGAPIMBALANCECONTRADICTIONCONTRADISTINCTION
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The dominant general term for difference is yì 異 (ant. tóng 同 "be the same"). 2. Fēn 分 and bié 別 is a difference established by humans through convention or by an intellectual effort. See DISTINGUISH 3. Chà 差 (ant. děng 等 "be without difference established by social conventions") refers to a difference established through social practice. 4. Shū 殊 (ant. jìn 近 "essentially close to", yī 一 "be one and the same") refers abstractly to a categorial distance.
Modern Chinese Criteria
殊異 各別 兩樣 不等 不一樣 不同 差別 別 異樣 異 區別 出入 差異 異樣 歧異 差距 距離 千差萬別 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • CONTRARY　INTENSELY DIFFERENT so as to INTERFERE. (anc: 6/0, child: 1)
  • OTHER　DIFFERENT THING of the SAME CATEGORY. (anc: 6/0, child: 1)
  • CRAZY　VOLUNTARILY DIFFERENT from CUSTOM. (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
  • HETERODOX　DIFFERENT IN-RELATION-TO what is OBLIGATORY OPINION. (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
  • SPECIAL　DIFFERENT from TYPICAL EXAMPLES. (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • SAMERELATION of NOT being DIFFERENT.
See also
  • DISTINGUISHSPEAK OR THINK so as to UNDERSTAND OR to CAUSE OTHERS to UNDERSTAND that DIFFERENT THINGS are DIFFERENT.
Hypernym
  • RELATION　FEATURE of TWO OR MORE THINGS TOGETHER. (anc: 4/0, child: 15)
  • FEATURE　ABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE. (anc: 3/0, child: 19)
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)
  • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 508

    DIFFERENTIA est duorum aut plurium ab invicem, re aliqua distantia.

    Constat 1. Duobus, qui conferuntur. et 2. Uno tertio, in quo conferuntur 3. Illorumqve hinc et hinc Discessu a media forma.

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    DIFFERENT

    varium refers to differences within a given thing, "varied".

    versicolor refers to something that is varied in colour, or changes in colour.

    diversum refers to something different from other things "distinct".

    contrarium refers to something that is not only distinct but directly the opposite of something else.

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 332

  • “孟子”同義詞研究 ( MENGZI TONGYI 2002) p. 298

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 2.235

    DIFFERENZ

    See also UNTERSCHIED, SPEZIFISCHER

  • Key Concepts in Chinese Philosophy ( ZHANG DAINIAN 2002) p. 262

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.16:15

    DIFFERENCE.INEGALITE.DISPARITE

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.245.201

    DIFFERENCE.DIVERSITE.VARIETE.BIGARRURE

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 248

  • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. NO. 56

    • Words (53 items)

    異  yì OC: p-lɯɡs MC: jɨ 113 Attributions

    The dominant general term for difference is yì 異 (ant. tóng 同 "be the same").

      Word relations
    • Ant: 同/SAME
    • Ant: 鈞 / 均/SAME
    • Ant: 常/ORDINARY
    • Ant: 一/SAME
    • Contrast: 乖/CONTRARY Guāi 乖 refers to any kind of practical contradiction or opposition, also opposition to what is current and acceptable. See WICKED
    • Contrast: 各/ALL Gè 各 quantifies by emphasising the separate features of each item quantiified over. [INDIVIDUAL], [SUBJECT-BINDING]; [n+Vt]
    • Synon: 別/DIFFERENT Fēn 分and bié 別 is a difference established by humans through convention or by an intellectual effort. See DISTINGUISH
    • Synon: 殊/DIFFERENT Shū 殊 (ant. jìn 近 "essentially close to", yī 一 "be one and the same") refers abstractly to a categorial distanc

      Syntactic words
    • nab.t:+prep+Nrelationaldifference from N
    • nab.trelationaldifference from N
    • nabconceptdifference
    • nabfeaturedifference
    • nsubjectsomething different; different things
    • vadNdifferent
    • vadVin different ways; different object
    • vistand out; be different from the ordinary, extraordinary, exceptional, phenomenal
    • vi2(of several subejcts) diverge, differ from each other, be different; be extraordinary, be remarkable
    • vi2post-.vtoNbe different from NDS
    • viactDELETE
    • vichangebecome different
    • virepeatedbe different... be different: the two are different from one another
    • vt(+prep+N)be different from NCH
    • vt+prep+Nstativeto be different from, to differ from something 異於 [also: 異乎]
    • vt2differ from each other as to (e.g. customs etc) see also 異乎
    • vtoNattitudinaltreat as special and different
    • vtoNcausativecause the N to be different; make sure that the N should be different
    • vtoNcausativebe caused to differ: be made different
    • vtoNstativediffer with respect to; differ in respect of. Also: be different from
    • vtoNstativebe different from NCH
    殊  shū OC: djo MC: dʑi̯o 25 Attributions

    Shū 殊 (ant. jìn 近 "essentially close to", yī 一 "be one and the same") refers abstractly to a categorial distanc

      Syntactic words
    • nabfeaturedifference; point of difference
    • v[adN]different featuresCH
    • vadNdifferent
    • vi2be different
    • vi2inchoativecome to be differentCH
    • vt(oN)be different from the contextually determinate NCH
    • vt+prep+Nmark oneself out from; be different from
    • vtoNstativediffer with respect to
    • vttoN1.+N2attitudinaltreat (something/somebody N1) as different from (something else N2)
    分  fēn OC: pɯn MC: pi̯un 21 Attributions

    Fēn 分and bié 別 is a difference established by humans through convention or by an intellectual effort. See DISTINGUISH

      Syntactic words
    • nab.post-Nmetaphysicaldifference in/between N; distinction; distinguishing features
    • nabmetaphysicaldifference; distinctionDS
    • vadVseparately; in different places
    • vi2be different (from each other)
    • vttoN1.+N2causativecause N1 to remain different from N2; separate N1 from N2
    別  bié OC: pred MC: piɛt 19 Attributions

    Fēn 分and bié 別 is a difference established by humans through convention or by an intellectual effort. See DISTINGUISH

      Word relations
    • Ant: 同/SAME
    • Ant: 總/SUMMARISE
    • Contrast: 殊/DIFFERENT Shū 殊 (ant. jìn 近 "essentially close to", yī 一 "be one and the same") refers abstractly to a categorial distanc
    • Synon: 差/DIFFERENT Chà 差 (ant. děng 等"be without difference established by social conventions") refers to a difference established through social practice.
    • Synon: 異/DIFFERENT The dominant general term for difference is yì 異 (ant. tóng 同 "be the same").

      Syntactic words
    • nabconceptdifference
    • nabfeaturedifference
    • vad.VtoNreference=N(verb) a different object N
    • vadNalternative, different 別名
    • vadVdifferently, in a different way
    • vistand out as different
    • vi2(of two subjects) be different
    • vt(oN)be different from the contextually determinate N
    • vt+prep+Nbe different from N
    • vt+prep+Ncausativemake (oneself) different from N
    • vtoNcausativemake different, ensure that (something) becomes different> modify (note the contrast with DISTINGUISH)
    • vtoNcausativecause (oneself) to be distinct
    • vtoNstativediffer with respect to
    • vtoVto separate so as to V, to become different so as to VVK
    不同  bù tóng OC: pɯʔ looŋ MC: pi̯ut duŋ 10 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabdifferent features; differences (of detail)CH
    • VPi2be different; be at variance
    • VPt+Nstativebe different from; be at variance with
    不然  bù rán MC: pjut nyen OC: pɯʔ njen 10 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe different, behave differentlyLZ
    • VPpostadVdifferentlyLZ
    二三  èr sān OC: njis saam MC: ȵi sɑm 9 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactinconstancy, wavering difference in behaviourCH
    • VPibe waveringCH
    • VPtoNcause to be various/multifarious> make different, make vary
    • VPtoNbe wavering with regard to, be inconstant with regard toCH
    差  chà MC: zyik OC: skhraals 9 Attributions

    Chà 差 (ant. děng 等"be without difference established by social conventions") refers to a difference established through social practice.

      Word relations
    • Synon: 別/DIFFERENT Fēn 分and bié 別 is a difference established by humans through convention or by an intellectual effort. See DISTINGUISH

      Syntactic words
    • nab.t:post-Nmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: differenceThis word occurs only in the commentaries, and not in JZ. One might think of 差 as the result the operation of substraction. In the formulation xy 差 "difference between x and y" the reference is to the result of subtracting the smaller one of x and y from the larger.JZ 9.5, Liu Hui's comm: 是其冪以股弦差為廣股弦并為袤 "As for this its quantified extension one takes the difference between the height and the hypotenuse as width, and one takes the sum of the height and the hypotenuse as length." Note that while bìng 并 is used both before and after the two terms added, and can even intervene between the two, chà 差 only occurs in "inverse Polish notation" word order, after the two terms between which the difference is calculated.JZ 9.15: 句弦差減股為圓徑 "Subtracting the difference between the base and the hypotenuse from the height makes the diameter of a circle."JZ 9.15, Liu Hui's comm: 以句弦差乘股弦差而倍之，開方除之... "Multiplying the difference between the base and the hypotenuse by the difference between the height and the hypotenuse, doubling this and dividing the result (note that 之 regularly refers to the result of the operation immediately preceding, thus not being strictly anaphoric) by extraction of the square root..."When the difference between x and y itself becomes a term in further calculation, it can be referred to only by chà 差, never by 減. The operation itself, also, must then always be designated with chà 差.
    • nabactdistinction made; differentiation in practice; hierarchical differentiation
    • nabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: differenceJZ 9.6, Liu Hui's comm: 減此差冪於矩冪 "One subtracts the square of this difference from the quantified extension of the gnomon."
    • vi2deviate from each other, be inconsistent with each otherCH
    • vt(oN)be different from N; be an exception
    差別  chā bié OC: skhraal pred MC: ʈʂhɣɛ piɛt 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistnon-discrimination
    • NPabrelationaldifference
    • VPi2they are different
    去  qù OC: khas MC: khi̯ɤ 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNstativebe different from
    縣  xuán MC: hwen OC: ɢʷeen 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNdiffer fromLZ
    • vtoNcausativeto make NP{=N1 N2} differ, distinguish between (N1 and N2)LZ
    • vtoNmutualdiffer from each otherLZ
    • vtoNpassiveto get diffentiatedLZ
    貳  èr OC: njis MC: ȵi 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vi2abstractmake a significant difference (intellectually, morally, philosophically)CH
    • vtoN(undesirably) differ fromLZ
    • vtoNcausativedissociate (oneself) from
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2causativedissociate (oneself) from N2
    二  èr OC: njis MC: ȵi 5 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • vadNdualistic
    • vibe two > be different (from each other); dualistic
    遠  yuǎn OC: ɢʷanʔ MC: ɦi̯ɐn 4 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 遼/DISTANT Liáo 遼 is a poetic referring to what is distant and remote in space and therefore an obscure place. Note liáo yuǎn 遼遠.

      Syntactic words
    • vpostadVby a wide margin of difference
    • vtoNfigurativebe figuratively distant from> be widely different, be far different
    離  lí MC: lje  OC: b-rel 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNabstractbe different fromCH
    • vtoVto become different so as to V, to become separate so as to VVK
    間  jiàn MC: -- OC: kreens 2 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 和/HARMONY The general word for bringing something into a state where it is well in tune or keeping in tune with something is hé 和.

      Syntactic words
    • nabconceptdifference HN: 醜美有間焉 "There is a difference between the ugly and the beautiful"
    • vt+prep+N間於　be different from
    相去  xiāng qù qǔ MC: sjang khjoX  OC: sqaŋ khaʔ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabdifference, contrastCH
    相懸  xiāng xuán MC: sjang hwen  OC: sqaŋ ɢʷeen 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPi2differ from each otherCH
    衰  cuī MC: tsrhjwe OC: tshrol 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativedifferentiateLZ
    辨  biàn OC: brenʔ MC: biɛn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNstativediffer with respect to
    辯  biàn MC: bjenX OC: brenʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nab=辨？ significant differenceCH
    異姓  yì xìng OC: p-lɯɡs seŋs MC: jɨ siɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPi2[vt+N] "differ from each other with respect to surname" [probably no need for this entry!]
    不齊  bù qí MC: pjut dzej OC: pɯʔ dziil 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabcontrast; unevennesCH
    絕殊  jué shū MC: -- dzyu OC: dzod djo 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtpostN{OBJ}be absolutely different fromCH
    出入  chū rù OC: khljud njub MC: tɕhʷit ȵip 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactdeviate
    介  jiè OC: kreeds MC: kɣɛi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nstativeseparate oneself from; be separate from; be divided in
    楚越  chù yuè MC: tsrhjoX hjwot OC: skhras ɢʷad 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPi0be different (as the states of Chu from Yue, who were constantly at war)CH
    參  cēn MC: tsrhim OC: tshrumCH 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi2differ from each other; be at variance with each other; not be well-aligned. CH
    殊別  shū bié OC: djo pred MC: dʑi̯o piɛt 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe different
    分異  fēn yì MC: pjun yiH OC: pɯn p-lɯɡs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNdeliberately differ from NLZ
    有殊  yǒu shū OC: ɢʷɯʔ djo MC: ɦɨu dʑi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPi2be widely different
    區分  qū fēn MC: khju pjun OC: kho pɯn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabdistinctionsCH
    萬殊  wàn shū MC: -- dzyu OC: mblans djo 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPi2be very differentDS
    有異  yǒu yì MC: hjuwX yiH OC: ɢʷɯʔ p-lɯɡs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt prep Nbe different from NCH
    參差  cēn cī OC: tshrum skhral MC: ʈʂhim ʈʂhiɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPimathematical termCHEMLA 2003: of different width (taille)
    較  jiào OC: kraawɡs MC: kɣɛu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: (in later (seventh cent. or Song) mathematical texts:) difference
    設差  shè chā OC: qhjed skhraal MC: ɕiɛt ʈʂhɣɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
    雲泥  yún ní OC: ɢun niil MC: ɦi̯un nei 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPigradedcloud and mud > be as different as cloud and mud > be different
    分別  fēn bié OC: pɯn pred MC: pi̯un piɛt 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabrelationaldistinction
    懸殊  xuán shū OC: ɢʷeen djo MC: ɦen dʑi̯o 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPisubject=pluralbe quite different
    列差  liè chā OC: b-red skhraal MC: liɛt ʈʂhɣɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
    具異  jù yì OC: ɡos p-lɯɡs MC: gi̯o jɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe neatly different
    异  yì OC: k-lɯs MC: jɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vidifferent (SHU ??)
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNdiffer fromCH
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNdiffer fromCH
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNdiffer fromCH
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNdiffer fromCH
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNabstractdiffer fromCH
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNabstractdiffer fromCH
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPi0be different (as the states of Chu from Yue, who were constantly at war)CH
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabdistinctionsCH
    異  yì OC: p-lɯɡs MC: jɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeaturedifference from the ordinary, extraordinariness; uniqueness
    各別  gè bié OC: klaaɡ pred MC: kɑk piɛt 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPi2be different from each other