FAITHFUL  忠信信

VIRTUE of NOT LYING AND BEING DILIGENT in EXHAUSTING one's STRENGTH DOING WHAT one has PROMISED.VIRTUE of NOT LYING AND BEING DILIGENT in EXHAUSTING one's STRENGTH DOING LOYALLY WHAT one OWES OR has PROMISED.
TRUSTYHONESTLOYALTRUEDEVOTEDCONSTANTSTEADFASTSTAUNCHDEPENDABLERELIABLETRUSTEDTRUSTWORTHYTRUSTYDUTIFULDEDICATEDUNCHANGINGUNWAVERINGUNSWERVINGPATRIOTIC
Antonym
  • DISLOYALBe WICKED so as to LACK APPROPRIATE FAITHFULNESS.
    Hypernym
    • VIRTUEEXCELLENCE of CHARACTER IN a PERSON.
      • EXCELLENTFEATURE BECAUSE of which SOMETHING OR SOMEONE IS OR SHOULD BE PREFERRED to OTHERS
        • FEATUREABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE.
          • OBJECT[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to....
    See also
    • TRUSTBELIEVE someone to be HONEST, AND TREAT that person CONFORMING TO THAT BELIEF.
      Old Chinese Criteria
      1. The current general word for trustiness or good faith is xìn 信.

      2. Chéng 誠 adds to the notion of good faith that of earnestness of effort on behalf of those one is faithful to.

      3. Zhōng 忠 refers to a selfless effort on behalf of the person to whom one takes oneself to owe loyalty, and this person may be either a ruler or a friend.

      4. Zhēn 貞 refers to sturdy moral reliability based on inner conviction.

      5. Shí 實 is occasionally used to refer to reliability of a person's actual performance of duties, particularly to a person's reliability in relation to promises made.

      6. Què 愨 is a rare archaic word referring to trustiness and stolid loyalty as a psychological quality.

      7. Liàng 諒 refers to trustworthiness and fidelity in a more popular mode, sometimes (LY) even with negative overtones of blind faith.

      Modern Chinese Criteria
      忠誠 is the current modern word for loyalty.

      誠摯

      懇切

      真誠

      誠實

      實在

      老實

      老實

      規矩

      信實

      平實

      樸質

      中信

      精忠 refers to utterly unreserved loyalty.

      忠

      篤

      忠貞

      忠實

      無他

      無二心

      篤實

      有守

      忠心耿耿

      披肝瀝膽

      忠貞不二

      忠心不貳

      赤膽忠心

      rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

      • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 16.65

      • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 48

        FIDELIS, FIDUS

        207. Inter Fidelem et fidum. Fidus amicus dicitur, fidelis famulus. Item infidelis est qui caret firmitate, infidus, qui fide.

      • When Zhong 忠 does not Mean 'Loyalty' Dao. A Journal of Comnparative Philosophy ( GOLDIN 2008) p.

      • “荀子”單音節形容詞同義關係研究 ( HUANG XIAODONG 2003) p. 140

      • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

        FIDELITAS

      • “孟子”同義詞研究 ( MENGZI TONGYI 2002) p. 70

      • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 2.1067

      • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 10.1473

        TREUE

      • () p.

      Words

      信  xìn OC: sins MC: sin 155 AttributionsWD

      The current general word for trustiness or good faith is xìn 信.

        Word relations
      • Ant: 欺 / 諆/CHEAT The standard common word for cheating is qī 欺 (ant. chéng 誠) and it refers to any deliberate act of deception, self-interested or not, even occasionally self-deception.
      • Ant: 僭/OFFEND
      • Epithet: 交/INTERACT The general objective word referring to mutual social interaction is jiāo 交.
      • Epithet: 人/HUMAN The dominant term is rén 人 which refers to any human.
      • Epithet: 言/SPEAK Yán 言 is to speak up, propose, typically in public, and on one's own initiative, to maintain something, and the word can indroduce direct speech as well as occasionally very limited indirect speech.
      • Contrast: 恭 / 共/RESPECT Gōng 恭 (ant. jù 倨 "behave in an informal impolite way") refers specifically to private proper polite and respectful attitudes shown to a deserving person.
      • Contrast: 忠/FAITHFUL Zhōng 忠 refers to a selfless effort on behalf of the person to whom one takes oneself to owe loyalty, and this person may be either a ruler or a friend.
      • Assoc: 忠/FAITHFUL Zhōng 忠 refers to a selfless effort on behalf of the person to whom one takes oneself to owe loyalty, and this person may be either a ruler or a friend.
      • Assoc: 篤/EARNEST Dǔ 篤 refers to trusty earnestness under the special aspect of dependability.
      • Assoc: 誠/FAITHFUL Chéng 誠 adds to the notion of good faith that of earnestness of effort on behalf of those one is faithful to.
      • Assoc: 謹/DILIGENT The current word for (typically respectful) meticulous and almost fastidious diligence is jǐn 謹 (ant. màn 慢 "be neglectful").
      • Assoc: 貞/FAITHFUL Zhēn 貞 refers to sturdy moral reliability based on inner conviction.

        Syntactic words
      • nab.ttowards inferiorsgood faith towards inferiors
      • nabactcredibility; trustworthiness, good faith, dependability, reliability
      • nabdispositionfaithfulness; trustiness; reliability of one's attitude; truthfulness; credibiliy; trustiness as a psychological virtue involving action in good faith; faithful allegiance
      • v[adN]pluralthose who are trusty, those who are dependable; those who are in good faith
      • vadNfaithful
      • vadNof rulertrusty, reliable (as ruler)
      • vadNsubject=humanreliable, trusty
      • vadVin a trusty way, in a trustworthy fashion; in good faith
      • visubj=nonhumanreliable, trustworthyLZ
      • visubject=humanbe truthful; be trusty; show good faith; be dependable; be trustworthy, be reliable
      • vt+prep+Nbe in good faith with, maintain relations of trust with; keep one's faith with
      • vtoNabbe faithful to
      • vtoNcausativemake reliable, ensure the reliability of
      • vtoNinchstart to consider (somebody) as trustworthy
      • vtoNN=humankeep faith with; be trustworthy in one's relations with
      • vtoNpassivebe regarded as trustworthy
      • vtoNpassive, causativeto be made reliable and become valid (of agreement)LZ
      • vtoNpsychbe faithful to (ourself)
      • vtoNputativeconsider as trustworthy, regard (a person) as reliable; put one's trust in
      忠  zhōng OC: krluŋ MC: ʈuŋ 119 AttributionsWD

      Zhōng 忠 refers to a selfless effort on behalf of the person to whom one takes oneself to owe loyalty, and this person may be either a ruler or a friend.

        Word relations
      • Inconsist: 愚/STUPID The dominant word is yú 愚 (ant. zhì 智 "clever; wise"), and the word refers to intellectual obtuseness as well as practical ineptitude.
      • Ant: 邪/WICKED Xié 邪 (ant. zhèng 正 "straight and in no way wicked") typically involves nuances of sinister evil influences in addition to plain human depravity.
      • Object: 主/RULER The current general word for a person in charge of others are zhǔ 主 (ant. pú 僕 "servant").
      • Epithet: 愛/LOVE The clearly dominant word referring to love is ài 愛 (ant. hèn 恨 "dislike"; rarely zēng 憎 "dislike"; and wù 惡 "hate"), and this word refers both to the feelings of love and to the expression of love in loving care for another person as well as in sexual relations. (Occasionally, the word may refer to the emotional preference that a small child feels for its parents. For this meaning see PREFER.)
      • Epithet: 臣/MINISTER The general word for a government minister at any level and of any kind is chén 臣, generically rén chén 人臣.
      • Epithet: 謀/ADVISE The current standard word for fairly formal consultation and advice to superiors is móu 謀. [ASCENDING], [BASIC], [OFFICIAL]
      • Contrast: 信/FAITHFUL The current general word for trustiness or good faith is xìn 信.
      • Assoc: 信/FAITHFUL The current general word for trustiness or good faith is xìn 信.
      • Assoc: 恕/GOOD
      • Assoc: 良/EXCELLENT The standard current general word for anything or anyone who naturally meets certain generally accepted high standards of excellence is liáng 良 (ant. liè 劣 "inferior").
      • Assoc: 敬/DILIGENT Jìng 敬 refers to respectful diligence in action.
      • Oppos: 禮/RITUAL The current general term for everything relating to the system of ritual propriety is lǐ 禮. However the term can also be used to refer to individual prescribed rituals.

        Syntactic words
      • nabact忠臣德也"loyal dedication is the virtue of a minister": loyal devotion; devoted committed effort (in the service of a ruler etc); devoted effort (in support of a ruler etc), duty of loyal devotion; the doing of one's loyal best
      • nabact/psych freefreely chosen personal loyaltyCH
      • nabpsych(obligatory) loyal psychologial devotion; fealtyCH
      • nab{PRED}be devoted effort; be the doing/giving one's best
      • v[adN]nonreferentialthose who make a devoted effort, those who do their devoted best
      • vadNdevoted, trusty (of persons and of actions); doing his best
      • vadVdoing one's devoted loyal best, with one's utmost devoted loyal effort; loyally and prepared to make every effort on behalf of someone
      • vibe faithful to one's superior's interests, do one's best for one's superior
      • viactdo one's loyal best; be loyal in action
      • vifeelfeel true loyal devotion
      • vt(oN)make a devoted effort for a contextually determinate superior
      • vt+prep+Ndo one's devoted loyal best for N (also, by way of exception, to the people! ZUO 2.6)
      • vt+prep+Nexpress one's loyalty to NLZ
      • vtoNdo one's honest and loyal best for (a superior, or the law)
      忠信  zhōng xìn OC: krluŋ sins MC: ʈuŋ sin 31 AttributionsWD

      devoted determination to do one's best and trustworthiness

        Syntactic words
      • NPabactloyal trusty effort; devoted support
      • NPab{N1&N2}dispositiondevoted trustiness 
      • NP|VPadNcharacterised by trustiness
      • VPibe in every way trusty and faithful
      • VPiactbe generally trusty in action
      • VPt+prep+NN=spiritsbe devoted in the service to
      貞  zhēn OC: teŋ MC: ʈiɛŋ 17 AttributionsWD

      Zhēn 貞 refers to sturdy moral reliability based on inner conviction.

        Word relations
      • Ant: 姦/WICKED Jiān 姦 (ant. liáng 良 "of the good sort, decent") refers to sheer human depravity and moral incompetence with no supernatural or sinister overtones.
      • Assoc: 廉/GOOD Lián 廉 (ant. tān 貪 "greedy for bribery gifts") refers to moral probity and impeccability.
      • Assoc: 信/FAITHFUL The current general word for trustiness or good faith is xìn 信.
      • Assoc: 良/EXCELLENT The standard current general word for anything or anyone who naturally meets certain generally accepted high standards of excellence is liáng 良 (ant. liè 劣 "inferior").

        Syntactic words
      • nabsteady and self-consistent reliability; true devotion; moral immaculatenessLZ
      • nabactimpeccable devotion (to the ruler)
      • nabdispositionsteady and self-consistent reliability; true devotion; moral immaculateness
      • v[adN]nonreferentialone who is truly devoted
      • vadNtruly devoted; morally immaculate
      • viactbe truly devoted; be morally immaculate
      • vt+prep+Nbe properly faithful to
      • vtoNbe truly devoted to
      • vtoNcausativemake truly devoted and morally immaculate
      心  xīn OC: slɯm MC: sim 6 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nabpsychloyalty, 'loyal hearts', allegiance
      • vibe spiritually engaged; be committed in one's heart
      愨  què OC: khrooɡ MC: khɣɔk 6 AttributionsWD

      Què 愨 is a rare archaic word referring to trustiness and stolid loyalty as a psychological quality.

        Syntactic words
      • vadNfaithful, earnestLZ
      • vibe trusty, faithful; be earnest
      • viinchoativebecome trustyLZ
      愿愨  yuàn què OC: ŋɡons khrooɡ MC: ŋi̯ɐn khɣɔk 5 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPadNtrusty; guileless
      • VPibe trusty; be guileless
      盡忠  jìn zhōng OC: dzinʔ krluŋ MC: dzin ʈuŋ 4 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPt+prep+Nbe completeley faithful and loyal to
      • vt(oN)be completely faithful to the contextually determinate N
      誠信  chéng xìn OC: djeŋ sins MC: dʑiɛŋ sin 4 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabearnestness and faithfulnessLZ
      • VPibe earnest and faithful; be trusty (NOT: 不誠不信)
      孚  fū OC: pho MC: phi̯o 3 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nabacttrustworthiness
      • nabfeaturetrustworthinessCH
      • vt(oN)be faithful to a contextually determinate N
      誠  chéng OC: djeŋ MC: dʑiɛŋ 3 AttributionsWD

      Chéng 誠 adds to the notion of good faith that of earnestness of effort on behalf of those one is faithful to.

        Word relations
      • Assoc: 信/FAITHFUL The current general word for trustiness or good faith is xìn 信.

        Syntactic words
      • nabpsychtrustiness, genuine devotion
      • vibe genuinely trusty
      信者  xìn zhě OC: sins kljaʔ MC: sin tɕɣɛ 3 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPdefinitethose who are in good faith, the trustworthy
      篤信  dǔ xìn OC: tuuɡ sins MC: tuok sin 3 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabactstolid faithfulness
      • VPibe stolid and faithful
      貞信  zhēn xìn OC: teŋ sins MC: ʈiɛŋ sin 3 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabpsychfaithfulness; good faith
      • VPadNtruly trusty, thoroughly loyal and faithful
      允  yǔn OC: k-lunʔ MC: jʷin 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vt+prep+Npassivebe regarded as faithful and loyal by/in (a state)
      • vtoNpassivenot be regarded as faithful
      情  qíng OC: dzeŋ MC: dziɛŋ 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nabpsychrarely, specifically: feelings of loyalty
      忠順  zhōng shùn OC: krluŋ ɢjuns MC: ʈuŋ ʑʷin 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabacttrusty and obedient loyal effort
      諒  liàng OC: ɡ-raŋs MC: li̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD

      Liàng 諒 refers to trustworthiness and fidelity in a more popular mode, sometimes (LY) even with negative overtones of blind faith.

        Syntactic words
      • nabpsychgood faith, fidelity ZHUANG: 始乎諒
      • v[adN]the trustworthy LY
      • vibe in good faith; be faithful; be blindly faithful
      • vtoNto trust
      不貳  bù èr OC: pɯʔ njis MC: pi̯ut ȵi 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabactnon-duplicity> loyalty
      • VPibe faithful, be loyal
      守死  shǒu sǐ OC: qhjuʔ pliʔ MC: ɕɨu si 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPiactconform to one's principles until one's death; be faithful unto oneself until death, persevere until death
      忠正  zhōng zhèng OC: krluŋ tjeŋs MC: ʈuŋ tɕiɛŋ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPsubject=nonrefthe properly faithful
      • VPibe faithful and correct in actionCH
      忠良  zhōng liáng OC: krluŋ ɡ-raŋ MC: ʈuŋ li̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPibe trusty
      忠貞  zhōng zhēn OC: krluŋ teŋ MC: ʈuŋ ʈiɛŋ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPiactbe earnestly loyal
      紀綱  jì gāng OC: kɯʔ kaaŋ MC: kɨ kɑŋ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPadNtrusty and stalward
      忠賢者  zhōng xián zhě OC: krluŋ ɡiin kljaʔ MC: ʈuŋ ɦen tɕɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NP{PRED}be a person of morally impeccable loyal devotion
      全一  quán yī MC: dzjwen 'jit OC: sɡon qliɡLZ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPistay perfectly loyalLZ
      厖  máng MC: maewng OC: mrooŋCH 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • vibe reliableCH
      亶  dǎn OC: taanʔ MC: tɑn 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • visincere
      實  shí OC: ɢljiɡ MC: ʑit 0 AttributionsWD

      Shí 實 is occasionally used to refer to reliability of a person's actual performance of duties, particularly to a person's reliability in relation to promises made.

        Syntactic words
      • vibe reliable
      無偽  wú wěi OC: ma ŋgʷals MC: mi̯o ŋiɛ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPibe honest
      金石  jīn shí OC: krɯm djaɡ MC: kim dʑiɛk 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPadNfigurativerigidly loyal
      親  qīn OC: tshiŋ MC: tshin 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vadNfaithful, trusty, reliable
      心  xīn MC: sim OC: slɯmCH 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nabpsychallegianceCH

      Existing SW for

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