Taxonomy of meanings for 溫:　　

  • 溫 wēn (OC: quun MC: ʔuon) 烏渾切 平 廣韻：【水名出犍爲又和也善也良也柔也暖也又姓唐叔虞之後受封於河内温因以命氏又卻至食采於温亦号温季因以爲族出大原又漢複姓二氏莊子有温伯雪子姓苑又有温稽氏 】
    • WARM
        • fever> =瘟ILLNESS
          • generalisation>HARMONY
              • modern, abstract>TEMPERATURE
                • abstract: action> EXERCISE
                  • intellectually>STUDY
                      • resultative>UNDERSTAND
                        • vtoNbe thoroughly familiar with
                • morally>KIND
                    • generally>GOOD
                      • ngentleness; kindness; genteel warmth in social relations
                      • vipsychologicalbe mild and gentle
                      • viactbe mild and gentle
                      • vi.redbe amiableLZ
                    • ABUNDANT
                  • =轀 hearse>CARRIAGE
                    • RIVERS
                      • STATES
                        • NPprWēn 溫 (also called Sū 蘇 ) (CHEN PAN 1969, 587-593)Ruling clan: Jǐ 己. Inscription on the Sū gōng guǐ 蘇公簋 mentions Wáng Jǐ 王己, the daughter of the Duke of Sū (Wēn).Rank: Zǐ 子 (common title of the rulers of Wēn in the CQ and ZUO). In the inscriptions on bronze vessels, rulers of Sū (Wēn) sometimes referred to themselves as gōng 公; it could have been in association with their high position in the Zhōu royal court.Founded: According to the Lì zhèng chapter of the Zhōu shū, the duke of Sū 蘇公 (who held a high position of Sī kòu 司寇, the minister of justice, in the Zhōu royal court) received his fief from King Wǔ of Zhōu 周武王. However, the state perhaps existed for a long time before it (see History).Destroyed: In the early Chunqiu period, the state was not already in existence. In 712 B.C. (Yin 11), the king of Zhōu gave twelve fields of Sū Fèn Shēng 蘇忿生 (including the city of Wēn) to the state of Zhèng 鄭. Later, the area again came under the royal control and the Sū lineage was reestablished in Wēn. In 650 B.C. (Xi 10), the state was destroyed by Dí 狄 barbarians. In 635 B.C., the city of Wēn was given by the Zhōu king to the Marquis Wén of Jìn 晉文公. However, in 617 B.C. (Wén 10), the ruler of Sū is mentioned again as participating in the meeting of the states held in Nǚlì 女栗. Location: In the modern Wēn 溫 district, Henan province (according to the Du's commentary).History: According to the Shì běn and Guó yǔ (Zhèng yǔ), the state was established very early by the descendants of the mythical emperor Zhū Róng 祝融 (bearing Jǐ 己 surname) and later it was destroyed by Xià 夏. The Current Zhūshū jìnián states that in the 33rd year of reign of the Xià ruler Dì Fēn 帝芬, the descendant of Kūn Wú 昆吾 (bearing Jǐ 己 surname) was established as a ruler of Yǒu Sū 有蘇. Guó yǔ (Jìn yǔ) mentions that the last king of Shāng 商, Dì Xīn 帝辛 or Zhòu 紂, attacked Yǒu Sū, and the ruler of that state gave him his daughter Dá Jǐ 妲己 (which was in later texts blamed for being one of the main reasons of the destruction of Shāng) as a consort. In the beginning of the Western Zhōu period, King Wǔ of Zhōu 周武王 established his high official Duke of Sū as a ruler in Sū (Wēn). The rulers of Sū sometimes (usually?) held high positions in the Zhōu royal court; according to the Shì běn (quoted by Guǎng yùn), Chéng, the Duke of Sū 蘇成公, served in the Zhōu royal court during the reign of King Píng 周平王 (770-720 B.C.). Duke of Sū is also mentioned in the inscription on the Sū gōng guǐ. However, in 712 B.C., the state already did not exist (see section Destroyed).
                      • REGIONS
                        • SURNAMES
                        • wēnACCUMULATE
                          • nabresult(= yun4 蘊) accumulated experience and wisdomLZ
                        • wēnHOT
                          • nabfeaturehot temperatures
                          • nabstativewarm temperature (of air etc)
                          • vadNwarm, mild
                          • vadVwarmly (clad)
                          • vibe warm; be mild
                          • vtoNcausativecause to be hot; to warm
                          • vt[oN]heat up/warm up the bedding (for one's parents)?CH
                          • nabmedicalwarm nature; warming featureDS
                        • wēnPEST
                          • nabfeatureplague; epidemic
                        • wēnSOFT
                          • vifigurativeliterary: be gentle in styleCH

                        Additional information about 溫

                        說文解字:

                          Criteria
                        • SEVERE

                          1. The current general commendatory term for severeness is yán 嚴 (ant. kuān 寬 "lax").

                          2. Zhuāng 莊 (ant. qīng 輕 "unserious") and the somewhat less common jīn 矜 add to the notion of a mild form of severeness the nuance of dignified appearance.

                          3. Sù 肅 (ant. zī 恣 "easy-going") emphasises sternness of attitude.

                          4. Lì 厲 (wēn 溫 "mild") emphasises a willingness to use violence in the administration of government without passing a strong negative or positive judgment on this attitude.

                          5. Kè 刻 (ant. hé 和 "moderate") refers disparagingly to an excessive willingness to use violence in the administration of government.

                          6. Zhòng 重 (ant. qīng 輕 "unserious") refers abstractly to the severeness of punishments.

                          7. Jù4n 峻 (ant. píng 平 "even-handed") refers dramatically to the savageness of punishments.

                          8. Kē 苛 and kù 酷 (ant.* rén 仁 "kind-hearted" and bù rěn 不忍 "be unable to stand") refer to flagrant extravagance in the severeness of punishments.

                        • UNDERSTAND

                          1. The standard current and word for understanding something and knowing how to do something is zhī 知 (ant. mèi 昧 "not have the foggiest idea").

                          2. Míng 明 (ant. měng 蒙 "have very confused notions about") refers to incisive clarity of insight.

                          3. Tōng 通 (ant. hūn 昏 "be confused about") refers to comprehensive and thorough familiarity with a subject.

                          4. Yù 喻 / 諭 (ant. àn 闇 "be in the dark about") typically refers to clarity achieved on the basis of an effort of articulation.

                          5. Chá 察 and shěn 審 (ant. mí 迷 "be all lost when it comes to") refer to incisive clarity of understanding coupled with great awareness of the details of a matter.

                          6. Jīng 精 (mào 眊 / 耄 "be completely stupid with respect to") refers to a subtle and thorough understanding of something.

                          7. Shí 識 refers to familiarity with something concrete, but the word also refers to simple awareness, especially when negated.

                          8. Biàn 辨 / 辯 (ant. huò 惑 "be al confused about") refers to discriminating and highly articulate specialised, often professional knowledge about something.

                          9. Jué 覺 and the rarer wù 悟 are inchoative and refer to the coming to understand something.

                          10. Wēn 溫 refers to the resulting close familiarity after long acquaintance with a subject.

                          11. Wén 聞 (ant. wèi zhī wén 未之聞 "have never heard/learnt about any such thing") is sometimes used as a resultative verb meaning "come to understand something because one has been informed of it". But this usage is limited to the idiom wén dào 聞道 "hear about the Way".

                          12. Xī 悉 and jìn 盡 refer to presumed completeness in knowledge.

                        • VIOLENT

                          1. The current general word for violence in action and in disposition is měng 猛 (ant. nuò 懦 "weakish, pusillanimous") which refers quite generally to a disposition for incisive action and violent reaction without strong positive or negative overtones.

                          2. Bào 暴 (ant. rén 仁 "humane") refers to negatively valued violence of disposition and action.

                          3. Xiōng 凶 (ant. wēn 溫 "mild and bland") refers to violence as a psychological disposition and does not normally describe concrete pieces of behaviour.

                          4. Hèng 橫 (ant. róu 柔 "considerate, non-provocative") emphasises the arbitrariness of violent response or violent disposition.

                        • COLD

                          1. The standard current word referring to coldness is hán 寒 (ant. wēn 溫, rè 熱 "warm").

                          2. Lěng 冷 refers to anything fresh and cool rather than rè 熱 "unpleasantly hot".

                          3. Dòng 凍 describes a very high degree of coldness, typically below the freezing point of water.

                          4. Liáng 涼 (ant. wēn 溫 "lukewarm") describes a mild form of coldness, prototypically that of a cool breeze liáng fēng 涼風.

                          5. Qīng 清 (ant. rù 溽 "unpleasantly humid and warm") describes a mild, fresh coolness of climate rather than of liquids or solids.

                        • HOT

                          1. Probably the most general word referrring to objective high temperature or heat is rè 熱 (ant. lěng 冷 "cold").

                          2. Wēn 溫 (ant. liáng 涼 "cool") is mild heat.

                          3. Nuǎn 暖 (ant. liáng 涼 "cool") is very mild heat.

                          4. Yán 炎 is extreme heat.

                          5. Shǔ 暑 (ant. hán 寒 "cold") refers to perceived heat, which often relates to humidity in the air as well as objective temperature.

                          6. Xū 煦 and hé 和 refer to temperate, comfortable, and warm temperatures or climates.

                          Word relations
                        • Ant: (HOT)寒/COLD The standard current word referring to coldness is hán 寒 (ant. standardly shǔ 暑, but also wēn 溫, rè 熱 "warm").
                        • Contrast: (UNDERSTAND)知/UNDERSTAND The standard current and word for understanding something and knowing how to do something is zhī 知 (ant. mèi 昧 "not have the foggiest idea")
                        • Assoc: (HOT)和/COOL Xū 煦 and hé 和 refer to temperate, comfortable, and warm temperatures or climates.
                        • Assoc: (GOOD)良/DECENT Liáng 良 (ant.* bào 暴"recklessness") is decency of attitude as well as decency in action.
                        • Oppos: (GOOD)厲/SEVERE Lì 厲 (wēn 溫 "mild") emphasises a willingness to use violence in the administration of government without passing a strong negative or positive judgment on this attitude.