Taxonomy of meanings for 陳:　　

Additional information about 陳

說文解字:

Criteria
• SHOW
  

  1. The most general word for making anything visible is shì 示 (ant. hán 含 "keep to oneself").

  2. Xiàn 見 / 現 (ant. bì 蔽 "make invisible to others,") refers to making visible what is there.

  3. Xiǎn 顯 (ant. yǐn 隱 "hide from sight") is to make something prominently visible to wider audience.

  4. Yáng 揚 (ant. yì 抑 "suppress and keep from general knowledge") is to make something universally visible to the general public.

  5. Zhù 著 (ant. bì 蔽 "block from sight") is to show something up as deserving great attention.

  6. Chén 陳 (ant. cáng 藏 "hide") is to lay out something so as to make it accessible to inspection.

  7. Zhāo 昭 (yōu 幽 "keep in obscurity") is to cast light over something so as to make it accessible to wide appreciation.

  8. Zhāng 彰 (ant. yì 抑 is to give proper illustrious public status to something that is held to clearly deserve such recognition.

  9. Zhú 燭 (ant. yǐn 隱 "keep in the dark") is to cast enought light on something dark in order to make it visible.

  10. Pù 暴 is to make accessible to view what is covered and therefore inaccessible to inspection.

• DEPLOY
  

  1. The current general word for deploying troops is chén 陳 which connotes arrangement of things in ordered formations, and the more general yòng 用.

  2. Zhāng 張 emphasises the spreading out of the troops.

  3. Cuò 錯 / 措 emphasises the putting in place of the troops.

• EXPLAIN
  

  1. The current general word for a discursive "analytical" explanation of something that is not sufficiently clear in itself is shuō 說.

  2. Yán 言 refers to the explicit articulation of something, and the emphasis often is on the initiative taken to undertake this explanation.

  3. Chén 陳 refers to the laying out of something clearly so as to make it accessible to an overview and a clear understanding of the contents of what is laid out, and the social context is typically that of an inferior laying something out for superiors.

  4. Míng 明 is to throw intellectual light on something by any means, including illustration as well as historical explanation or definition.

  5. Yù 喻 / 諭 refers to making clear to others what is very clear to oneself, and the means is often comparsion or illustration, yù 諭 tending to be used for making something clear through words in later texts, and yù 喻 for explanation by comparison or metaphor.

  6. Jiě 解 refers primarily to the unravelling of something that would appear convoluted and non-transparent without the effort of intellectual unravelling.

  7. Shì 釋 is late and refers to explanation with special reference to individual difficult points.

  8. Shù 述 refers to laying out for others what oneself or others have done or said in the past.

  9. Xù 敘 refers to laying out something in an orderly manner, often in conversation with equals and in a confidential context, and the word became current in Han times.

• FRESH
  

  1. The current general word for freshness is xiān 鮮 (ant. fǔ 腐 "gone off, rotten").

  2. Shēng 生 (ant. shú 熟 "cooked") refers to something that has not undergone any form of cooking and remains entirely free from treatment with heat.

  3. Xīn 新 (ant. chén 陳 "stale") refers to something that is fresh and new and still at its best, not having gone off, and not having starting the process of rotting away.

• BATTLE
  

  [ACTION/PROCESS]

  [BASIC/MARGINAL]

  [[COMMON/RARE]]

  [GENERAL/SPECIFIC]

  [INOFFICIAL/OFFICIAL]

  [LASTING/TEMPORARY]

  1. The general term is zhàn 戰 (ant. hé 和 "ceasing of hostilities, ceasefire") and refers to any military engagement at a given time.

  [GENERAL], [TEMPORARY]

  2. An extended official and centrally organised campaign lasting some time and viewed as a task for the military is yì 役.

  [PROCESS], [LASTING]

  3. Zhēng 征 refers to an official military campaign as conducted by a state. See ATTACK

  [ACTION], [LASTING], [OFFICIAL]

  4. Chén 陳 refers to the the forming of a battle array. See BATTLE ARRAY

  [SPECIFIC]

  5. Jūn 軍 can come to refer generally to military action or military campaigns of any kind.

  [ACTION], [MARGINAL]; [[RARE]]

• BATTLE ARRAY
  

  [GENERAL/SPECIFIC]

  [NOUN/VERB/PARTICLE]

  1. The general term for a battle array is zhèn 陣.

  [GENERAL], [NOUN!]

  2. Chén 陳 refers to the making of a battle array.

  [GENERAL], [VERB!]

  3. Yàn háng 鴈行／雁行 "alignment of troops at the front of the battle line".

  [SPECIFIC], [TECHNICAL-TERM]

  4. Yú lí 魚麗 refers to a famous way of arranging the totality of one's military forces in Spring and Autumn times. ZUO Huan 5.

  [SPECIFIC], [TECHNICAL-TERM]; [[RARE]]

• OLD
  

  1. The general term for old age of living creatures is lǎo 老 "of old age" (ant. shào 少 "still youthful" and yòu 幼 "young"), whereas the general term for things not new is jiù 舊 (ant. xīn 新 "new").

  2. Wǎng 往 (ant. lái 來 "future") refers to times past.

  3. Gù 故 (ant. xīn 新 ) refers to what is a matter of the past which typically has an impact on, or traces in, the present.

  4. Chén 陳 (ant. xīn 新 ) refers to what is stale and no longer new and fresh.

Word relations
• Ant: (OLD)新/NEW The current word for something newly invented is xīn 新 (ant. 舊) which generally tends to have negative connotations in cultural contexts but takes on positive connotations when referring to articles of daily use etc.. 3 Attributions
• Object: (SPEAK)言/PROMISE Yán 言 refers to a typically somewhat formal speech act by which a person commits himself to a future action. Compare 言而有信 "keep faith when one has promised something". 3 Attributions
• Contrast: (SHOW)列/JUXTAPOSE Liè 列 is to bring together and then bring in line objects or people that naturally belong together.