ENDURING    長久久

BIG in respect of the PERIOD something EXISTS, HAPPENS, OR is being ACTED:done.
CONSTANT LASTINGLONG-LASTINGABIDINGDURABLECONTINUINGPERSISTINGETERNALPERENNIALPERMANENTUNENDINGEVERLASTINGCONSTANTSTABLESTEADYSTEADFASTFIXEDFIRMUNWAVERINGUNFALTERINGUNCHANGING
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general word for something which is constant and lasting in time is jiǔ 久 (ant. qǐng 頃 "for a short time"), which can refer to bounded or unbounded and open-ended persistence in time. 2. Cháng 長 (ant. duǎn 短 "of short duration") expresses bounded enduringness with a definite final point being typically imagined, although in cháng shēng 長生 the word refers to an unending long life. 3. Cháng 常 and the especially emphatic héng 恆 "highly constant and permanent" (ant.* ǒu 偶 "contingency and consequent changeability") emphasise the constancy or constant recurrence of the attributes of what is lasting, and typically - though not always - the constancy is valued positively. 4. Bì 必 refers to something being an invariable event that always tends to occur. 5. Shí 時 "recurrently, constantly" allows for something being present or having certain attributes intermittently but over a long stretch of time. 6. Yóng 永 "last for a while" (ant. zàn 暫 "temporary" post-Buddhist, Six Dynasties: temporarily) is an elevated and poetic word often referring to subjectively experienced long duration.
Modern Chinese Criteria
長久 久長 悠久 許久 好久 is an emphatic and sometimes emotional way of saying "for a long time": 好久不見. 半天 is an irritated way of referring to something lasting for a long time: 我等了半天 久久 經久 良久 多時 有日子 綿長 綿綿 漫長 漫漫 久遠 長遠 遙遠 悠遠 長期 老 永 久而久之 長此以往 曠日持久 遙遙無期 多歷年所 天荒地老 地老天荒 天長日久 日久天長 天長地久 地久天長 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • IMMORTAL　ENDURING so as to be NOT ABLE to DIE. (anc: 9/0, child: 0)
  • ALWAYS　ENDURing USING REPETITION   (anc: 9/0, child: 0)
  • ETERNAL　ENDURING AND LACKING END. (anc: 9/0, child: 0)
  • STEADY　ENDURING IN A BASICALLY UNCHANGING SAFE WAY. (anc: 9/0, child: 0)
  • NEVER　ENDURINGLY:always NOT. (anc: 9/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • CHANGEEVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2.
See also
  • OFTENAt MANY TIMES.
  • LONGBIG in ONE HORIZONTAL DIRECTION. See also ENDURING.
  • NECESSITYCERTAIN AND CAUSING ONE NOT to be ABLE to IMAGINE it being NOT TRUE.
  • HARDSTRONG so that one CAN NOT CHANGE its SHAPE.
  • ENDURESUFFER DISTRESS AND NOT OPPOSE it.
Hypernym
  • BIG　OF INTENSE SIZE OR DEGREE IN-RELATION-TO a STANDARD, OR IN-RELATION-TO the SIZE of a HUMAN. (anc: 7/0, child: 15)
  • SIZE　QUANTITY of a DIMENSION. (anc: 6/0, child: 2)
  • QUANTITY　DEGREE of being MANY OR FEW that CAN be MEASURED OR COUNTED. (anc: 5/0, child: 3)
  • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 516©

    ...

    Modus durationis est

    1. Tempus, principium medium finem, habens

    2. Aevum seu perpetuitas, principium et successionem sed sine fine habens.

    3. Aeternitas principio, medio et fine carens.

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    ENDURING

    continuus is what hangs together in time without break or interruption.

    perpetuum is what has continuous duration and lasts to its natural end without breaking off before.

    sempiternum is what is everlasting, following along with the changing times.

    aeternus is what lasts out all time and is vaguely perceived to reach larger aeons beyond earthly time.

    LASTING

    diuturnus refers to a long duration indifferently.

    diutinus refers negatively to something being protracted and wearisome.

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 73

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 347

  • “荀子”單音節形容詞同義關係研究 ( HUANG XIAODONG 2003) p. 157

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 343

  • “孟子”同義詞研究 ( MENGZI TONGYI 2002) p. 263

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 2.838

    EWIGKEIT

  • Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik ( SCHMIDT 1889) p. 93

  • "三國志"同義詞及其歷史演變 ( WANG TONGWEI 2010) p. 507-517

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 10

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.194:130

    FERMETE.CONSTANCE

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.94.69

    DURABLE.CONSTANT

    • Words (101 items)

    常  cháng OC: djaŋ MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ 89 Attributions

    Cháng 常 and the especially emphatic héng 恆 "highly constant and permanent" (ant.* ǒu 偶 "contingency and consequent changeability") emphasise the constancy or constant recurrence of the attributes of what is lasting, and typically - though not always - the constancy is valued positively.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 希 / 稀/RARE Xī 希/稀 (ant. shuò 數 "repeatedly, many times, several times") refers to relative scarcity or sparseness both in time and in space.
    • Ant: 罕/RARE The current general word for seldom is hǎn 罕 (ant. lu# 屢 "fairly often), which tends to refer to a very low fequency of occurrence of something.
    • Ant: 無常/CHANGE
    • Epithet: 經/RULE Jīng 經 refers to an operative underlying main principle which man also may take as a guideline.
    • Epithet: 法/LAW The current general word for a law, a legal system or any legal provision of any kind is fǎ 法.
    • Contrast: 久/ENDURING The general word for something which is constant and lasting in time is jiǔ 久 (ant. qǐng 頃 "for a short time"), which can refer to bounded or unbounded and open-ended persistence in time.
    • Contrast: 恆 / 恆恒/ALWAYS Cháng 常 and the especially emphatic héng 恒/恆 "highly constant and permanent" (ant.* ǒu 偶 "contingency and consequent changeability") emphasise the constancy or constant recurrence of the attributes of what is lasting, and typically - though not always - the constancy is valued positively.
    • Contrast: 時/OFTEN
    • Assoc: 故/OLD Gù 故 (ant. xīn 新) refers to what is a matter of the past which typically has an impact on, or traces in, the present.
    • Assoc: 法/METHOD Fǎ 法 is a regular rule-governed procedure governing the proper exercise of a skill.
    • Assoc: 常/ENDURING Cháng 常 and the especially emphatic héng 恆 "highly constant and permanent" (ant.* ǒu 偶 "contingency and consequent changeability") emphasise the constancy or constant recurrence of the attributes of what is lasting, and typically - though not always - the constancy is valued positively.
    • Synon: 久/ENDURING The general word for something which is constant and lasting in time is jiǔ 久 (ant. qǐng 頃 "for a short time"), which can refer to bounded or unbounded and open-ended persistence in time.

      Syntactic words
    • nabconceptimmutability; permanence
    • nabsubjectimmutable/invariant justice; what is constantly normative; constant principle
    • nsubj=nonhumanthat which is immutable, permanent
    • vadNimmutable; invariant and normative; constant; permanent, enduring, ever-lasting
    • vadVregularly; invariably; in perpetuity; permanently, constantly
    • vadVadverb-raisingpermanently
    • vifigurativebe permanentBUDDH: abbr. for chángzhù 常住; SANSKRIT nitya-sthita
    • vtoNkeep constantCH
    • vtoNcausativemake permanent, immutable, enduringCH
    久  jiǔ OC: klɯʔ MC: kɨu 88 Attributions

    The general word for something which is constant and lasting in time is jiǔ 久 (ant. qǐng 頃 "for a short time"), which can refer to bounded or unbounded and open-ended persistence in time.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 新/RECENT
    • Contrast: 常/ENDURING Cháng 常 and the especially emphatic héng 恆 "highly constant and permanent" (ant.* ǒu 偶 "contingency and consequent changeability") emphasise the constancy or constant recurrence of the attributes of what is lasting, and typically - though not always - the constancy is valued positively.
    • Contrast: /
    • Contrast: 長/ENDURING Cháng 長 (ant. duǎn 短 "of short duration") expresses bounded enduringness with a definite final point being typically imagined, although in cháng shēng 長生 the word refers to an unending long life.
    • Assoc: 長/ENDURING Cháng 長 (ant. duǎn 短 "of short duration") expresses bounded enduringness with a definite final point being typically imagined, although in cháng shēng 長生 the word refers to an unending long life.
    • Assoc: 長/ENDURING Cháng 長 (ant. duǎn 短 "of short duration") expresses bounded enduringness with a definite final point being typically imagined, although in cháng shēng 長生 the word refers to an unending long life.
    • Synon: 常/ENDURING Cháng 常 and the especially emphatic héng 恆 "highly constant and permanent" (ant.* ǒu 偶 "contingency and consequent changeability") emphasise the constancy or constant recurrence of the attributes of what is lasting, and typically - though not always - the constancy is valued positively.
    • Synon: 長/ENDURING Cháng 長 (ant. duǎn 短 "of short duration") expresses bounded enduringness with a definite final point being typically imagined, although in cháng shēng 長生 the word refers to an unending long life.

      Syntactic words
    • nabconceptlength of time
    • nabfeaturelongevity
    • nabtimelong time
    • vadNlong-lasting
    • vadVfor a long time; permanently; in the long run (often postposed); after a long time; in the long term
    • vadVgradedany longer
    • vilast long; be in a state for a long time; persevere; last long; be long-term
    • vi-P.adSbe long-lasting
    • vi.red:adVfor a long time; forever
    • vi0adS(After) a long time passes/passed
    • vpostadVfor a long time 甚久
    • vtoNcausativebe made to last long
    • vtoNputativeconsider as a long period of time; consider something too protracted
    長  cháng OC: ɡrlaŋ MC: ɖi̯ɐŋ 56 Attributions

    Cháng 長 (ant. duǎn 短 "of short duration") expresses bounded enduringness with a definite final point being typically imagined, although in cháng shēng 長生 the word refers to an unending long life.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 短/BRIEF
    • Epithet: 劫/PERIOD
    • Epithet: 吟/SIGH Yín 吟 refers, according to tradition, to a somewhat shorter and more eruptive sigh.
    • Epithet: 生/LIVE The current standard word for being alive is shēng 生 (ant. sǐ 死 "be dead").
    • Contrast: 久/ENDURING The general word for something which is constant and lasting in time is jiǔ 久 (ant. qǐng 頃 "for a short time"), which can refer to bounded or unbounded and open-ended persistence in time.
    • Assoc: 久/ENDURING The general word for something which is constant and lasting in time is jiǔ 久 (ant. qǐng 頃 "for a short time"), which can refer to bounded or unbounded and open-ended persistence in time.
    • Assoc: 久/ENDURING The general word for something which is constant and lasting in time is jiǔ 久 (ant. qǐng 頃 "for a short time"), which can refer to bounded or unbounded and open-ended persistence in time.
    • Synon: 久/ENDURING The general word for something which is constant and lasting in time is jiǔ 久 (ant. qǐng 頃 "for a short time"), which can refer to bounded or unbounded and open-ended persistence in time.

      Syntactic words
    • v[adN]what is long-lasting
    • vadNlasting, enduring; long-term; long
    • vadVfor a long time, for any length of time; forever; in the long run
    • vadVin/from a long-term perspectiveLZ
    • vihappen after a long(er) timeCH
    • vieternalbe everlasting
    • vitemporallast long; be lasting, be enduring; be long-term
    • vtoNcausativebe made to last long
    • vtoNcausativepassive: be made to last longerCH
    日  rì OC: mljiɡ MC: ȵit 52 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • n.red:adVevery day, daily
    • nadVincreasingly, day by dayCH
    • nadVtimedaily, every day; day in and day out; progressively generally: all the time
    良久  liáng jiǔ OC: ɡ-raŋ klɯʔ MC: li̯ɐŋ kɨu 46 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabtimelong period of time
    • VP0adSafter a long time 良久乃
    • VPiit took a long time
    • VPi0adVafter a long time, for a long time
    • VPi0postadVfor a long time [or: VPi.postS, but this seems artificial, though logically possible.]
    永  yǒng OC: ɢʷaŋʔ MC: ɦɣaŋ 39 Attributions

    Yóng 永"last for a while" (ant. zàn 暫 "temporary" post-Buddhist, Six Dynasties: temporarily) is an elevated and poetic word often referring to subjectively experienced long duration.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNlasting, long-lasting CC 永都 "lasting duty". [for a long time][CA]
    • vadVforever; permanently; for a fairly long time; all the time 
    • vadVforeverforever in the future (often involving the syntactic mechanism of adverb-raising, i.e. modifying a verb other than that it precedes) CHECK EXAMPLES AGAIN
    • vadV{NEG}absolutely (with negative)
    • vibe lasting
    • vtoNcausativecause to be enduring> prolong ??
    終身  zhōng shēn OC: tjuŋ qhjin MC: tɕuŋ ɕin 35 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • NPabthe whole life; lifetimeDS
    • viactspend one's whole life (andV)CH
    • VPadNdesigned for one's whole life, for a lifetime
    • VPadNlasting a lifetimeCH
    • VPadVthe whole life, to the end of one's life, throughout one's life
    • VPpostadVall one's life, throughout one's life
    • VPtoNbe committed to one's whole life, spend one's whole life with
    久之  jiǔ zhī OC: klɯʔ kljɯ MC: kɨu tɕɨ 31 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VP0adSafter a long time; sometimes: for a long time
    • VP0postadVfor a long time
    • VPadVat the longest; at most
    • VPadVlastingfor a long time; in the long run
    • VPiactpersist for a long time
    必  bì OC: piɡ MC: pit 22 Attributions

    Bì 必 refers to something being an invariable event that always tends to occur.

      Syntactic words
    • vadValways; invariably
    未嘗不  wèi cháng bù OC: mɯds djaŋ pɯʔ MC: mɨi dʑi̯ɐŋ pi̯ut 17 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+V[0]always; would always; never fail to
    一  yī OC: qliɡ MC: ʔit 11 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • vadVinvariantly throughout; once and for all; once and for all time in the same way 
    • viendure as the constantly the sameCH
    終  zhōng OC: tjuŋ MC: tɕuŋ 11 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nadV{NEG}throughout; until the end, forever; until the end of one's life
    • vilast to the end of one's life
    朝夕  zhāo xī OC: taw sɢlaɡ MC: ʈiɛu ziɛk 10 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVat short intervals, all the time; day and night
    • NPpostadVall the time, from morning to night
    日夜  rì yè OC: mljiɡ k-laɡs MC: ȵit jɣɛ 9 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVday and night, all the time, all one's time
    長久  cháng jiǔ OC: ɡrlaŋ klɯʔ MC: ɖi̯ɐŋ kɨu 8 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeaturelongevity
    • VPadNenduring, long-lastingLZ
    • VPilast long; be enduring or everlasting
    • VPibe long-livedCH
    不已  bù yǐ OC: pɯʔ k-lɯʔ MC: pi̯ut jɨ 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPpostadVceaselessly
    無窮  wú qióng OC: ma ɡʷɯŋ MC: mi̯o guŋ 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNunendingCH
    • VPpostadVboundlessly, everlastingly, forever
    常然  cháng rán MC: dzyang nyen OC: djaŋ njen 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]what is unchanging in one; what is constant; what is permanent; what is forever soCH
    不朽  bù xiǔ OC: pɯʔ qhuʔ MC: pi̯ut hɨu 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNeverlastingCH
    • VPibe everlasting; continue and not be forgotten; be "immortal"
    時  shí OC: ɡljɯ MC: dʑɨ 5 Attributions

    Shí 時 "recurrently, constantly" allows for something being present or having certain attributes intermittently but over a long stretch of time.

      Syntactic words
    • n.red:adVfrom time to time, regularly
    • nadVtimealways, regularly; all the time, constantly, time and again
    • vadNabconstant
    • vtoNcausativemake timely and enduringCH
    世  shì OC: lʰebs MC: ɕiɛi 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nadNenduring over generations; eternal; hereditary
    壽  shòu MC: dzyuwH OC: -- 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nablonglivednessCH
    • vibe long-livedCH
    • vi+prep+Ncomparativebe more enduring than NLZ
    宿  sù OC: suɡ MC: suk 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVHANSHU: for a long time; from the start (cf. sù 素 "from the start")
    • vilast long
    彝  yí OC: li MC: ji 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNarchaic: unvarying, permanent
    • vadVarchai: constantly
    不絕  bù jué OC: pɯʔ dzod MC: pi̯ut dziɛt 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPpostadVincessantly, without interruption
    素  sù OC: saas MC: suo̝ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVfor a long time; as always
    總  zǒng OC: skooŋʔ MC: tsuŋ
    總摠  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVconstantly; continuously; always
    悠久  yōu jiǔ OC: k-lɯw klɯʔ MC: jɨu kɨu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiintensitivebe very long-lasting
    經久  jīng jiǔ OC: keeŋ klɯʔ MC: keŋ kɨu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVfor a long time; during a long period of time
    • VPpostadVfor a long period of time
    尋常  xún cháng OC: ljum djaŋ MC: zim dʑi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions
    • 唐五代語言詞典 Táng Wǔdài yǔyán cídiǎn A Dictionary of the Language of the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods ( JIANG/CAO 1997) p. 397

      Glossed as 1. 平常，普通 (Tang poetry); 2. 時常，常常 (ZTJ; Tang poetry)

      Syntactic words
    • VPadVusually; always
    積久  jī jiǔ MC: tsjeH kjuwX OC: skleɡ klɯʔ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPpostadVcontinuously and cumulatively, for a long timeCH
    日久  rì jiǔ OC: mljiɡ klɯʔ MC: ȵit kɨu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe long-lasting
    • VPpostadVfor many days
    日夕  rì xī MC: nyit zjek OC: mljiɡ sɢlaɡ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVduring day and night; all the timeDS
    常住  cháng zhù OC: djaŋ dos MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ ɖi̯o 2 Attributions

    • Studies in the Language of Zǔtáng jí 祖堂集 ( ANDERL 2004B) p. 574, fn. 1574

      The antonym of wu2-cha2ng 無常 'impermanent'; 'permanent' refers to not being subject to birth and death, arising and being destructed. In Mahhaayaana Buddhism said of the dharma-body of the Tathaagata (ru2-la2i fa3-she1n 如來法身; see NIRVANA, fascile 34). According to the Da4-she4ng zhua1ng-ya2n ji1ng 大乘莊嚴經, fasc. 3, also his ba4o-she1n 報身 ('retribution-body' and his yi1ng-she1n 應身 are permanent. See also Fo2-xi4ng lu4n 佛性論 on the permanence of the three bodies (FOGUANG: 4524). In the Chinese context, the notion of permanence became very important with regard to fo2-xi4ng 佛性 'Buddha-nature' indentified with an innately pure mind (zi4-xi4ng qi1ng-ji4ng xi1n 自性清淨心), in the Cha2n school often referred to as zhe1n-xi1n 真心 ('True Mind') or wu2-xi1n 無心 ('No-mind'). See also the discussion in the QIXINLUN on yi1-xi1n 一心 ('One-mind') which was very influential for the notion of mind in East Asian Buddhism, especially the Cha2n school.

    • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 4524

    • 妙法連華經 Miàofǎ liánhuá jīng Saddharmapundarika, Lotus sutra Taishō ( LOTUS) p. 9b10

    • 望月佛教大辭典 Mochizuki Bukkyō Daijiten The Mochizuki Encyclopedic Dictionary of Buddhism ( MOCHIZUKI) p. 2691b

    • 佛教大辭典 Bukkyō daijiten Encyclopedic Dictionary of Buddhism ( ODA) p. 969-2

    • 禪學大辭典 Zengaku Daijiten An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Zen Buddhism ( ZENGAKU) p. 555d

      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeatureBUDDH: constant staying-in-one-place > permanence
    • VPadNBUDDH: permanently residing > permanentskr. nitya-sthita
    • VPiBUDDH: be permanently residing > be permanent (sometimes also used as description of nirvāṇa 涅槃 )skr. nitya / nitya-sthita, pali nicca
    窮年  qióng nián MC: gjuwng nen OC: ɡʷɯŋ niin 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadvto the end of one's daysLZ
    住  zhù OC: tos MC: ʈi̯o 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabfeaturepermance
    • vtoNlast (for such-and-such a time)
    萬世  wàn shì MC: -- -- OC: -- lʰebs 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabeternityLZ
    • NPhumanpeople of countless future generationsLZ
    不易  bù yì OC: pɯʔ leeɡs MC: pi̯ut jiɛ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNunswerving, inalterableCH
    • VPibe unwavering
    始終  shǐ zhōng OC: lʰɯʔ tjuŋ MC: ɕɨ tɕuŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVV=negativefrom the beginning to the end (with negated V: never)
    庸  yōng 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabmoral constancyCH
    • v[adN]that which is invariableCH
    不死  bù sǐ OC: pɯʔ pliʔ MC: pi̯ut si 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNunending
    從來  cóng lái OC: dzoŋ m-rɯɯ MC: dzi̯oŋ ləi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVfrom the beginning > always, at all times, all along
    每  měi OC: mɯɯʔ MC: muo̝i 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • padVSHI: constantly; at all times SHI: 每懷
    每常  měi cháng OC: mɯɯʔ djaŋ MC: muo̝i dʑi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVever time, always, regularly
    居有頃  jū yǒu qǐng OC: ka ɢʷɯʔ khʷleŋʔ MC: ki̯ɤ ɦɨu khiɛŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPi0adSafter a (not too long) while
    沒世  mò shì OC: mɯɯd lʰebs MC: muot ɕiɛi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVto the end of one's life> all one's life
    舒  shū MC: syo OC: lʰa 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadVlongly DS
    累年  lěi nián MC: ljweH nen OC: rolʔ niin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadSfor several years DS
    終常  zhōng cháng OC: tjuŋ djaŋ MC: tɕuŋ dʑi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVto the very end
    久長  jiǔ cháng OC: klɯʔ ɡrlaŋ MC: kɨu ɖi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiintensitivebe very long-lasting
    祗庸  zhī yōng MC: tsyij yowng OC: tjil k-loŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabenduring diligent devotionCH
    都  dū OC: k-laa MC: tuo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • padVforever
    無已  wú yǐ MC: mju yiX OC: ma k-lɯʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPpostadVceaselessly, endlessly； all the timeCH
    從昔來  cóng xī lái OC: dzoŋ sqaɡ m-rɯɯ MC: dzi̯oŋ siɛk ləi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVfor a long time past
    隨時  suí shí OC: sɢlol ɡljɯ MC: ziɛ dʑɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVconstantly, all the time
    長遠  cháng yuǎn OC: ɡrlaŋ ɢʷanʔ MC: ɖi̯ɐŋ ɦi̯ɐn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe lasting; be everlasting
    久而後  jiǔ ér hòu OC: klɯʔ njɯ ɡooʔ MC: kɨu ȵɨ ɦu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVonly after a long period of time
    旦旦  dàn dàn MC: tanH tanH OC: taans taans 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVstarting every morning> constantlyCH
    幾何  jǐ hé OC: kɯlʔ ɡlaal MC: kɨi ɦɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • PPadVquestionhow long?
    不停  bù tíng OC: pɯʔ deeŋ MC: pi̯ut deŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPpostadVincessantly
    曠劫  kuàng jié OC: khʷaaŋs kab MC: khɑŋ ki̯ɐp 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVfor kalpas on end
    常恆  cháng héng OC: djaŋ ɡɯɯŋ MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ ɦəŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiconstant (and unchanging)
    盡日  jìn rì MC: dzinX nyit OC: dzinʔ mljiɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVall day round, the whole dayCH
    久則  jiǔ zé MC: kjuwX tsok OC: klɯʔ skɯɯɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VP0adSafter a long timeDS
    幾時  jǐ shí MC: kj+jX dzyi OC: kɯlʔ ɡljɯ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiquestionfor how long?DS
    壹  yī MC: 'jit OC: qid 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadVconstantly, all the timeCH
    連時  lián shí OC: b-ren ɡljɯ MC: liɛn dʑɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVfor quite some time
    壽長  shòu cháng MC: dzyuwX drjang OC: djuʔ ɡrlaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe long-livedLZ
    平  píng OC: breŋ MC: bɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNongoing; enduring (see 平常); the complete time of
    延  yán MC: yen OC: lan 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativecause to be longer-lasting, lengthen CH
    彜  yí MC: -- OC: -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNlasting, permanentCH
    恒  héng MC: hong OC: ɡɯɯŋ 1 Attribution

    DELENDUM

      Syntactic words
    • vadNpermanent, stable (often used for 常 for taboo reasons)CH
    恒  héng MC: hong OC: ɡɯɯŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadVforever; pervasively, throughoutCH
    久時  jiǔ shí OC: klɯʔ ɡljɯ MC: kɨu dʑɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVfor a long time
    悠  yōu OC: k-lɯw MC: jɨu 1 Attribution

    Yōu 悠 can refer to something being enduring from a long past.

      Syntactic words
    • vienduring into the past
    成  chéng OC: djeŋ MC: dʑiɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNfixed and enduring
    安久  ān jiǔ MC: 'an kjuwX OC: qaan klɯʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabendurance in a certain activityLZ
    不生  bù shēng OC: pɯʔ sraaŋ MC: pi̯ut ʂɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: non-origination
    • VPadNBUDDH: non-originating (i.e. without beginning)
    于時  yú shí OC: ɢʷra ɡljɯ MC: ɦi̯o dʑɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVarchaic/poetic: permanently, forever
    每恆  měi héng OC: mɯɯʔ ɡɯɯŋ MC: muo̝i ɦəŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVtime and again
    來久  lái jiǔ OC: m-rɯɯ klɯʔ MC: ləi kɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPpostadVfor quite a long time
    每日  měi rì OC: mɯɯʔ mljiɡ MC: muo̝i ȵit 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVeveryday
    生  shēng OC: sraaŋ MC: ʂɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadVall one's life
    累世  lěi shi4 MC: ljweH -- OC: rolʔ -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVfor agesLZ
    可久  kě jiǔ OC: khlaalʔ klɯʔ MC: khɑ kɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeaturethe capacity to be made enduring
    緝  jī OC: skhib MC: tship 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadVenduringly; permanently; continuously
    不變  bù biàn OC: pɯʔ prons MC: pi̯ut piɛn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe unchanging
    累日  lěi rì OC: rolʔ mljiɡ MC: liɛ ȵit 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVfor days on end
    • NPpostadVfor days on end
    金  jīn OC: krɯm MC: kim 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmadNfigurativeoccasionally figurative: lasting (like metal)
    終老  zhōng lǎo OC: tjuŋ ɡ-ruuʔ MC: tɕuŋ lɑu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVuntil I end up old; until I am old, until you are old, until one is old
    積年  jī nián OC: skleɡ niin MC: tsiɛk nen 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpostadVfor several years on end
    沒身  mò shēn OC: mɯɯd qhjin MC: muot ɕin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVall one's life, to the end of one's days
    世世  shì shì OC: lʰebs lʰebs MC: ɕiɛi ɕiɛi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVfor generation after generation
    連時來  lián shí lái OC: b-ren ɡljɯ m-rɯɯ MC: liɛn dʑɨ ləi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVfor a long time
    無數劫  wú shù jié OC: ma sqros kab MC: mi̯o ʂi̯o ki̯ɐp 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpostadVfor uncountable aeons, for an infinite number of kalpas
    非生  fēi shēng OC: pɯl sraaŋ MC: pɨi ʂɣaŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPsubjectthing that does not originate, non-originating things
    天  tiān OC: lʰiin MC: then 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • n.red:adVevery day
    往  wǎng OC: ɢʷaŋʔ MC: ɦi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVover a long period: ever
    不滅  bù miè OC: pɯʔ med MC: pi̯ut miɛt 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: non-extinction, non-cessation
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadvto the end of one's daysLZ
    永世  yǒng shì OC: ɢʷaŋʔ lʰebs MC: ɦɣaŋ ɕiɛi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVfor all eternity; for eternal generations