CHANGE    變化

EVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2.
TRANSFORMTRANSFORMATIONALTERMAKE/BECOME DIFFERENTADJUSTADAPTAMENDMODIFYREVISEREFINERESHAPEREFASHIONREDESIGNRESTYLEREVAMPREWORKREMODELREORGANIZEREORDERVARYTRANSFORMTRANSFIGURETRANSMUTEMETAMORPHOSEEVOLVE
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The most current general words for objective and typically abrupt change are biàn 變 "change FROM one's original state to become something different" (ant. héng 恆 "remain constant"). 2. Huà 化 (ant. cháng 常 "remain constant") refers to irreversible change INTO a fundamentally new state, while retaining one's identity". 3. Gǎi 改 refers to a deliberate change brought about at a certain point in time, typically in order to improve a situation. See IMPROVE 4. Gēng 更 is an act of deliberately changing something, typically by replacing it by an improved version of the same kind of thing in order to insure continuity. 5. Gé 革 (ant. yīn 因 "continue the tradition") refers to a typically unlicenced act of replacing the old by something new. 6. Yì 易 refers prototypically to a change construed as brought about by a process of interchange and (often mutual) replacement. 7. Dòng 動 refers to change construed as the moving from a previous stable state. 8. Xǐ 徙 refers to making the object moved unstable. 9. Yí 移 refers to a change in a current situation so as to effect a certain development in a desired direction. 10. Yú 渝 is to change a current situation or an object, generally to the worse, and the word is remarkably often negated. 11. Qiān 遷 (ant. 滯 "stay put in one place, unable to move") refers typically to change of one's current condition brought about by oneself. 12. Fǎn 反 refers to a change resulting in the reverting to one's original state. See RETURN vt.fig 13. Zhuǎn 轉 refers to change typically construed as part of a cycle of changes.
Modern Chinese Criteria
變化 is the current general term for change. 改變 is a common word referring to a deliberate change of something. 改 is colloquial short for 改變. 變 is colloquial short for 變化. 變革 refers to intended change in the form of social or political reform. 變改 refers to a deliberate change for the improvement of something. 變換 refers to deliberate change in the form of replacement of something by something else. 換 is colloquial short for 變換. 變成 focusses on the entity produced by a change. 轉變 "transmogrification" is a somewhat literary word typically referring to possibly recurrent transformations. 生變 轉變 變動 focusses on the alteration of an original state. 更動 "renewal" focusses on the deliberate change of an original state. 浮動 變通 變更 refers to intentional mofication of something abstract. 變卦 變遷 is intransitive and refers to the systematic change of something abstract. 變易 扭轉 轉移 轉 彎 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • CONGEAL　CHANGE so as to BECOME LESS LIQUID, OR CAUSE TO BECOME LESS LIQUID. (anc: 10/0, child: 0)
  • DAMAGE　CHANGE so as to CAUSE TO BECOME MORE BAD. (anc: 10/0, child: 8)
  • REDUCE　CHANGE something so as to CAUSE it to BECOME MORE FEW:fewer. (anc: 10/0, child: 0)
  • ECLIPSE　CHANGE of the APPEARANCE of SUN or MOON so that these LOSE their BRIGHTNESS. (anc: 10/0, child: 0)
  • INFLUENCE　CAUSE TO CHANGE ENDURINGLY. (anc: 10/0, child: 0)
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • REACT　CHANGE one's THINKING OR ACTING BECAUSE one is PERCEIVING something. (anc: 10/0, child: 5)
  • WAKE UP　CHANGE from SLEEP so as to BEGIN to be AWARE (AND LEAVE ONES BED). (anc: 10/0, child: 0)
  • WITHER　CHANGE so as to BECOME INTENSELY DRY. (anc: 10/0, child: 0)
  • DECLINE　CHANGE ENDURINGLY so as to BECOME LESS POWERFUL, MORE WEAK OR LESS GOOD. (anc: 10/0, child: 0)
  • MELT　CHANGE so as to BECOME LIQUID. (anc: 10/0, child: 0)
  • DEVELOPMENT　CHANGE that is GRADUAL AND ENDURING. (anc: 10/0, child: 3)
  • SECULARISATION　CHANGE from being SUPERNATURAL OR HOLY to being SECULAR. (anc: 10/0, child: 0)
  • INTOXICATE　CAUSE TO CHANGE AWARENESS WHEN EATEN. (anc: 10/0, child: 0)
  • CONVERT　CHANGE so as to FOLLOW a NEW RELIGION. (anc: 10/0, child: 0)
  • TRANSFORM　CHANGE COMPLETELY SO AS TO OBTAIN A NEW ESSENCE. (anc: 10/0, child: 0)
  • IMPERMANENT　CHANGING DURING A SHORT TIME. (anc: 10/0, child: 0)
  • INCONSTANCY　TENDENCY TO CHANGE ONE'S ATTITUDE. (anc: 10/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • ENDURINGBIG in respect of the PERIOD something EXISTS, HAPPENS, OR is being ACTED:done.
See also
  • EXCHANGEGIVE something to someone so as to RECEIVE something OTHER from him.
Hypernym
  • EVENT　REALITY that ARISES in TIME. (anc: 8/0, child: 4)
  • REALITY　EXIST and NOT ONLY BE IMAGINED. (anc: 7/0, child: 5)
  • EXIST　BE-IN the UNIVERSE of SPACE AND TIME. (anc: 6/0, child: 5)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 12.93

  • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 588©

    MUTATIO est entis passio, qva transit a (1) non esse ad esse. Ortus. (2) ab esse and non esse. Annihilatio, abolitio. (3) ab esse sic ad esse aliter, Alteratio.

    Detailed discussion.

  • L'intelligence de la China. Le social et le mental ( GERNET 1994) p. 323-334

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 109

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    MUTATIO

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 102

  • Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache ( MAUTHNER WP 1924) p. III.340

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 3.581

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 12.310

  • 東漢﹣隨常用詞演變研究 ( WANG WEIHUI 2000) p. 251

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1305

    變，更，改

    1. WL calls ge1ng 更 and ga3i 改 "subjective change", versus bia4n 變 "objective change". In fact, the dominant distinction is between deliberate change brought about for a purpose on the one hand, and natural change on the other. It ought to be mentioned that when referring to political change, bia4n 變 is highly "subjective" or as I would prefer to say "deliberate".

    2. WL fails to bring out the contrast of ge1ng 更 referring to a change designed to ensure continuity, and ga3i 改 making a change in order to improve things.

  • 同義詞例解（三） Tongyici lijie Yuyanxuexi ( XIAO YAN 1952) p.

  • Key Concepts in Chinese Philosophy ( ZHANG DAINIAN 2002) p. 197

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 58

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 138

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 496

  • 跟我學同義詞 ( CAI SHAOWEI 2010) p. 77

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.246.103

    VARIATION.CHANGEMENT

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no. 55/6

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 447/9

  • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. NO. 55

  • New Dictiornary of the History of Ideas, 6 vols. ( HOROWITZ 2005) p.

    • Words (97 items)

    變  biàn OC: prons MC: piɛn 99 Attributions

    The most current general words for objective and typically abrupt change are biàn 變 "change from one's original state to become something different" (ant. héng �� "remain constant").

      Word relations
    • Subject: 氣/AIR Qì 氣 "ether" is typically more abstract than English "air" and refers to constitutive energies underlying both air and wind as well as fog, dew, rivers, mountains and so on. The word is also the standard word for "breath". [ABSTRACT]; [[COMMON]]
    • Ant: 和/HARMONY The general word for bringing something into a state where it is well in tune or keeping in tune with something is hé 和.
    • Ant: 襲/CONTINUE
    • Object: 法/LAW The current general word for a law, a legal system or any legal provision of any kind is fǎ 法.
    • Object: 應/REACT The general term for a responding action is yìng 應 (ant. gǎn 感 "stimulate").
    • Epithet: 時/TIME Shí 時 refers to any period of time or point in time.
    • Contrast: 更/CHANGE Gēng 更 is an act of deliberately changing something, typically by replacing it by an improved version of the same kind of thing in order to insure continuity.
    • Contrast: 動/CHANGE Dòng 動 refers to change construed as the moving from a previous stable state.
    • Contrast: 改/CHANGE Gǎi 改 refers to a deliberate change brought about at a certain point in time, typically in order to improve a situation. See IMPROVE
    • Contrast: 革更/CHANGE
    • Contrast: 易/CHANGE Yì 易 refers prototypically to a change construed as brought about by a process of interchange and (often mutual) replacement.
    • Assoc: 怪/STRANGE The current general word for things strange is guài 怪 (ant. cháng 常 "ordinary") .
    • Assoc: 化/CHANGE Huà 化 (ant. cháng 常 "remain constant") refers to irreversible change into a fundamentally new state, while retaining one's identity.
    • Assoc: 更/CHANGE Gēng 更 is an act of deliberately changing something, typically by replacing it by an improved version of the same kind of thing in order to insure continuity.
    • Synon: 化/CHANGE Huà 化 (ant. cháng 常 "remain constant") refers to irreversible change into a fundamentally new state, while retaining one's identity.
    • Synon: 易/CHANGE Yì 易 refers prototypically to a change construed as brought about by a process of interchange and (often mutual) replacement.

      Syntactic words
    • nababrupt new constellations; changing conditionsCH
    • nabeventchange (typically from a prevailing norm); sudden unusual development
    • nabfeaturevariability;DS
    • nabprocesssudden variations in appearance (deviations from a norm)
    • vadNchangeable, unforeseen; basically inconstantCH
    • visubject=humanchange (often fundamentally) one's original ways; change from one's original state; change one's standard course (as the heavenly bodies)
    • visubject=nonhumanbe varied; be prone to changing; be prone to changing/varying radicallyCH
    • vt+Nrelationalchange in respect to N; change in comparison to NDS
    • vt+prep+Nreflexive.己change (oneself)
    • vt+prep+Nrelationalto change with respect a particular feature, or in comparison with something 變乎色
    • vt+V[0]change to become V
    • vt[oN]transform things radicallyCH
    • vtoNeffect a radical or at least a considerable abrupt change on something from a original state, typically, but not always, from a commendable, constant or ordinary state
    • vtoNpassivebe changed from an original (typically but not always commendable) natural state; also: be changed into something different, be replaced with something else
    變化  biàn huà OC: prons hŋʷraals MC: piɛn hɣɛ 55 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPab.adNtransforming
    • NPab.adVin the changes of the worldCH
    • NPab{N1&N2}actmaking changes
    • NPab{N1=N2}nonreferentialthe various changes in the world; all kinds of change
    • VPiactact so as to change
    • VPimiddle voicechange and be transformed, undergo all sorts of changes and transformations
    • VPt+prep+Nkeep transmogrifyingCH
    • VPtoNtransform, transmogrify completely
    • VPtoNmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: transform. CF. JIUZHANG 7.6: 兩不足者兩設皆不足于正數其所以變化猶兩盈 "The cases where we have two deficits are those for which both suppositions are smaller than the exact quantity. That by which they are transformed is the same as for the case of the two excesses." The concept 其所以變化"that by which they are transformed" is effectively the abstract notion of a mathematical operation/procedure. Shù 術 refers to concrete definite and specifiable procedures, whereas 其所以變化 provides a revealing paraphrase which refers quite generally to the kinds of operations that a concrete shù 術 will specify. In other words, operations are conceived of as transformations. And, more generally, Chinese mathematics is markedly less concerned with invariant properties of what are construed as constant abstract entitites, than with rule-governed mathematical transformations needed to account for specific mathematically relevant constellations. Note that 變化 is not used nominally in JZ.
    • VPtoNpassivebe changed from what it is and transformed into something else (in all sorts of ways?)
    更  gēng OC: kraaŋ MC: kɣaŋ 50 Attributions

    Gēng 更 is an act of deliberately changing something, typically by replacing it by an improved version of the same kind of thing in order to insure continuity.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 改/CHANGE Gǎi 改 refers to a deliberate change brought about at a certain point in time, typically in order to improve a situation. See IMPROVE
    • Contrast: 易/CHANGE Yì 易 refers prototypically to a change construed as brought about by a process of interchange and (often mutual) replacement.
    • Contrast: 變/CHANGE The most current general words for objective and typically abrupt change are biàn 變 "change from one's original state to become something different" (ant. héng �� "remain constant").
    • Assoc: 改/IMPROVE The standard word for changing something for the better is gǎi 改.
    • Assoc: 變/CHANGE The most current general words for objective and typically abrupt change are biàn 變 "change from one's original state to become something different" (ant. héng �� "remain constant").
    • Assoc: 革/CHANGE Gé 革 (ant. yīn 因 "continue the tradition") refers to a typically unlicenced act of replacing the old by something new.
    • Synon: 改/CHANGE Gǎi 改 refers to a deliberate change brought about at a certain point in time, typically in order to improve a situation. See IMPROVE
    • Synon: 易/CHANGE Yì 易 refers prototypically to a change construed as brought about by a process of interchange and (often mutual) replacement.

      Syntactic words
    • vadVby way of introducing a change intended to constitute an improvement; in a way so as to try to improve and change things
    • viprocessget better; improveCH
    • vt(oN)change the contextually determinate object , thus trying to improve it
    • vt+V[0]change or improve so as to V
    • vt[oN]actget to change, change one's orientation
    • vt[oN]actmake amends; make up for things, change oneself for the better; try to change to the better
    • vtoNrevise; amend; redefine; try to improve; to make the proper changes to, typically by duly replacing something by a newer version of it
    • vtoNchange the character ofCH
    • vtoNpassiveget changed with the intention of improvement
    • vtt(oN1.)+N2change the contextually determinate thing N1 into N2
    化  huà OC: hŋʷraals MC: hɣɛ 46 Attributions

    Huà 化 (ant. cháng 常 "remain constant") refers to irreversible change into a fundamentally new state, while retaining one's identity.

      Word relations
    • Result: 為/BECOME The standard general word for becoming is wéi 為.
    • Assoc: 變/CHANGE The most current general words for objective and typically abrupt change are biàn 變 "change from one's original state to become something different" (ant. héng �� "remain constant").
    • Synon: 變/CHANGE The most current general words for objective and typically abrupt change are biàn 變 "change from one's original state to become something different" (ant. héng �� "remain constant").
    • Synon: 移/CHANGE Yí 移 refers to a change in a current situation so as to effect a certain development in a desired direction.

      Syntactic words
    • nab.post-Nchange in the direction of N, change towards N (perhaps this should be made nab.post-Nab. The general strategy on this is not clear so far.)
    • nabderivedconversion, complete change of mind; intellectual transformation; reformationCH
    • nabprocesssubstantial and typically irreversible transformation into something new; natural transformation
    • viacttransform themselves, transmogrify themselves
    • vimiddle voicebe transformed, be completely changed; be reformed
    • vistativeready to changeCH
    • vt+V[0]change so as to??? ?????
    • vtoNexert a significant influence on; bring about a transformation; to change profoundly and essentially into something which is active or living, but substantially different; to make comply
    • vtoNchange when faced by N, change given the nature of NCH
    • vtoN1.+VtoN2mathematical termturn N1 into N2 JZ 2.0, Liu Hui's comm: 欲化粟為米 "if one wants to convert (the amount of) unhusked grain into the (corresponding amount of) husked grain"
    • vtoNmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: transcategorial conversion or reinterpretationJZ 2.46, Liu Hui comm: 物化為錢 "the 'things' are reinterpreted as 'pieces of cash'"JZ 6.11, Liu Hui comm: 即糲亦化為粟矣 "...hence the husked grain is also transformed>converted into unhusked grain"
    • vtoNreflexive.自change (one's own) essence, change (oneself) essentially
    易  yì OC: leɡ MC: jiɛk 41 Attributions

    Yì 易 refers prototypically to a change construed as brought about by a process of interchange and (often mutual) replacement.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 改/CHANGE Gǎi 改 refers to a deliberate change brought about at a certain point in time, typically in order to improve a situation. See IMPROVE
    • Contrast: 更/CHANGE Gēng 更 is an act of deliberately changing something, typically by replacing it by an improved version of the same kind of thing in order to insure continuity.
    • Contrast: 變/CHANGE The most current general words for objective and typically abrupt change are biàn 變 "change from one's original state to become something different" (ant. héng �� "remain constant").
    • Assoc: 移/CHANGE Yí 移 refers to a change in a current situation so as to effect a certain development in a desired direction.
    • Synon: 殊/CHANGE
    • Synon: 更/CHANGE Gēng 更 is an act of deliberately changing something, typically by replacing it by an improved version of the same kind of thing in order to insure continuity.
    • Synon: 變/CHANGE The most current general words for objective and typically abrupt change are biàn 變 "change from one's original state to become something different" (ant. héng �� "remain constant").

      Syntactic words
    • nabactchanged irregular procedures
    • nabprocessprocess of mutual replacement (as of day and night)
    • nprBook of Changes
    • vadNchanging
    • vichangecome to vary; change in kind
    • vt(oN)make changes to the contextually determinate NCH
    • vtoNchange something fundamentally, make a fundamental change to (something concrete or abstract)
    • vtoNpassiveget replaced by someting else; get changed
    • vtoNpsychchange (oneself) 易己
    • vttoN1.+N2shift N1 to N2
    化  huà OC: hŋʷraals MC: hɣɛ 40 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNresultativetransform oneself into, turn into
    改  gǎi OC: klɯɯʔ MC: kəi 25 Attributions

    Gǎi 改 refers to a deliberate change brought about at a certain point in time, typically in order to improve a situation. See IMPROVE

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 易/CHANGE Yì 易 refers prototypically to a change construed as brought about by a process of interchange and (often mutual) replacement.
    • Contrast: 更/CHANGE Gēng 更 is an act of deliberately changing something, typically by replacing it by an improved version of the same kind of thing in order to insure continuity.
    • Contrast: 變/CHANGE The most current general words for objective and typically abrupt change are biàn 變 "change from one's original state to become something different" (ant. héng �� "remain constant").
    • Synon: 更/CHANGE Gēng 更 is an act of deliberately changing something, typically by replacing it by an improved version of the same kind of thing in order to insure continuity.

      Syntactic words
    • vadVby way of making a change
    • vichangechange
    • vt+prep+Nmake changes to (with the purpose of improving it)
    • vtoNchange; change and improve; change and bring under control
    • vtoNnegativemake arbitrary or wanton changes to
    • vtoNpassivebe changed (deliberately, in an effort to improve things)
    • vtoNreflexive.自change oneself
    • vttoN.+V[0]change so as to V
    移  yí OC: k-lal MC: jiɛ 16 Attributions

    Yí 移 refers to a change in a current situation so as to effect a certain development in a desired direction.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 易/CHANGE Yì 易 refers prototypically to a change construed as brought about by a process of interchange and (often mutual) replacement.
    • Synon: 化/CHANGE Huà 化 (ant. cháng 常 "remain constant") refers to irreversible change into a fundamentally new state, while retaining one's identity.

      Syntactic words
    • vichangeto change; to change naturally and gradually Lunheng: 風俗移也
    • vt(oN)cause to change the mind or the ways of a contextually determinate NLZ
    • vt[oN]change thingsDS
    • vtoNcause to change, sway (the ruler's attitude); change the allegiance of (the people), change the ways of (the people)
    • vtoNpassivebe gradually changed (to the better, by reforms ets)
    無常  wú cháng OC: ma djaŋ MC: mi̯o dʑi̯ɐŋ 15 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 常/ENDURING Cháng 常 and the especially emphatic héng 恆 "highly constant and permanent" (ant.* ǒu 偶 "contingency and consequent changeability") emphasise the constancy or constant recurrence of the attributes of what is lasting, and typically - though not always - the constancy is valued positively.
    • Ant: 常住/ENDURING

      Syntactic words
    • NPab.adNbuddhistof impermanence
    • NPab.prImpermanence personified
    • NPabconceptBUDDH: impermanence (one of the key terms in Buddhist philosophy; in early Buddhism attributed to all dharmas except space (空) and nirvāṇa 涅槃; ant. to 常住)
    • VPibuddhistbe subject to constant change, be impermanent 
    推移  tuī yí OC: kh-luul k-lal MC: thuo̝i jiɛ 11 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactchanging along with times
    • NPabprocesschanges
    • VPichange
    • VPiactchange along with times
    • VPtoNchange aroundCH
    • VPtoNpassivebe changed in one direction or another; be adjusted according to circumstances
    遷  qiān OC: tshen MC: tshiɛn 11 Attributions

    Qiān 遷 (ant. 滯 "stay put in one place, unable to move") refers typically to change of one's current condition brought about by oneself.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactchange (of office), promotion or demotion
    • viactchange one's ways
    • vichangechange to the worse; get degraded
    • viprocessundergo changesCH
    • vt+V[0]change so as to become V
    • vtoNchange (something)
    • vtoNobject=rankchange upwards or downwards (rank or office of a person etc)
    • vtoNpassiveget changed by an administrative decision
    終始  zhōng shǐ OC: tjuŋ lʰɯʔ MC: tɕuŋ ɕɨ 9 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabhistoriographycyclical development > events in one's life (often referring to concrete biographical information such as dates of birth and death, etc.)
    • NPabprocesstransitions; cyclical development; evolution of things
    • VPigo through permutations and transformations; go through the cycle of transformations
    • VPi.post-Vt+Ngo through cyclic transformations or changes
    化作  huà zuò OC: hŋʷraals tsaaɡ MC: hɣɛ tsɑk 8 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNresultativechange so as to become> change into
    轉  zhuǎn OC: tonʔ MC: ʈiɛn 7 Attributions

    Zhuǎn 轉 refers to change typically construed as part of a cycle of changes.

      Word relations
    • Result: 為/BECOME The standard general word for becoming is wéi 為.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactchange> modulation, variation (of musical themes etc)
    • vichangechange around, change periodically, change continuously; undergo cyclic change LUNHENG 轉而ZHUANG 運轉
    • vt+V[0]change so as to become V
    • vt[oN]transfer people to new depoloyment; change the employment of
    • vtoNpassiveget changed around
    革  gé OC: krɯɯɡ MC: kɣɛk 7 Attributions

    Gé 革 (ant. yīn 因 "continue the tradition") refers to a typically unlicenced act of replacing the old by something new.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 更/CHANGE Gēng 更 is an act of deliberately changing something, typically by replacing it by an improved version of the same kind of thing in order to insure continuity.

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)change (the contextually determinate N) for something better
    • vtoNto change by way of elimination or exclusion (perhaps originally by removing the hair off the skin, or by flaying); avert; to change and replace without formal authority; undergo an unexpected change; make a formally unlicenced change
    • vtoNchange by authorityCH
    • vtoNpassivebe changed
    變易  biàn yì OC: prons leɡ MC: piɛn jiɛk 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabchange
    • NPabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: ??? [This does not seem to be a term of mathematical significance. However, the term has its well-defined uses within mathematical contexts.]
    • VPiLH: change　性必變易
    • VPtoNchange
    動  dòng OC: dooŋʔ MC: duŋ 6 Attributions

    Dòng 動 refers to change construed as the moving from a previous stable state.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 變/CHANGE The most current general words for objective and typically abrupt change are biàn 變 "change from one's original state to become something different" (ant. héng �� "remain constant").

      Syntactic words
    • vadNchanging; movingCH
    • vichangemove from original state, budge, change slightly, change
    • vtoNeffect a change on, have a considerable impact on
    • vtoNmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: get changed, be altered
    • vtoNnegative, abstractdeflect from one's proper orientationCH
    • vtoNpassivebe moved; be changed; be made to change one's ways/mind
    以為  yǐ wéi OC: k-lɯʔ ɢʷal MC: jɨ ɦiɛ 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtt(oN1.)+N2make the contextually determinate N1 into N2
    遞  dì OC: leeʔ MC: dei 5 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • vadVone after the other; taking turns, in due turn
    • viactto take turns at an action
    反  fǎn OC: panʔ MC: pi̯ɐn 5 Attributions

    Fǎn 反 refers to a change resulting in the reverting to one's original state. See RETURN vt.fig

      Syntactic words
    • nabinversion, reversal, change into one's contraryCH
    • vt+prep+Nchange into an NCH
    • vtoNreverse (one's true nature and other abstract things)
    渝  yú OC: lo MC: ji̯o 5 Attributions

    Yú 渝 is to change a current situation or an object, generally to the worse, and the word is remarkably often negated.

      Syntactic words
    • nabeventchange; changing condition
    • vito change[to the worse][to fade][CA]
    • vi0changethere will be change
    • vtoNchange (for the worse) 不渝"not change for the worse"
    蛻  tuì OC: lʰoods MC: thɑi 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabeventmetamorphosis, complete transformation
    • vieventbe transformed, undergo metamorphosis
    移易  yí yì OC: k-lal leɡ MC: jiɛ jiɛk 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNchange character, get changed
    • VPtoNmake basic changes in, alter
    • VPtoNpassivebe in some way changed, be made to change in some wayCH
    朝夕  zhāo xī OC: taw sɢlaɡ MC: ʈiɛu ziɛk 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabprocesschange (of the seasons); change in price 四時之朝夕
    • VPichangechange through time, mutate
    化為  huà wéi MC: xwaeH hjweH OC: hŋʷraals ɢʷal 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+Nchange into NDS
    事變  zì biàn MC: tsriH pjenH OC: tsrɯs prons 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabeventabrupt change of circumstancesLZ
    幻化  huàn huà OC: ɢʷreens hŋʷraals MC: ɦɣɛn hɣɛ 3 Attributions
    • 大智渡論 Dàzhì dù lùn (Mahāprajñāpāramitā śāstra) Taishō ( DAZHIDULUN) p. 101c

      譬如幻化象馬及種種諸物，雖知無實，然色可見，聲可聞，與六情相對，不相錯亂，諸法亦如是，雖空而可見可聞不相錯亂。

      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: transformation through magic, illusionary transformation (this word often appears as a metaphor in Buddhist texts. The world as we perceive it is nothing but an illusion and the constituents of existence appear in it conditioned by many factors interdependent of each other. However, since all constituents of existence are in reality empty, their appearance is false, comparable to the show of a magician)
    變怪  biàn guài OC: prons kruuds MC: piɛn kɣɛi 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabprocesstransformation into something strange> miraculous transformation
    變更  biàn gēng OC: prons kraaŋ MC: piɛn kɣaŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiacttry to make changes, try to make amends
    • VPt+prep+Nintroduce changes to
    為  wéi OC: ɢʷal MC: ɦiɛ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN1.postadVtoN2become N1 as result of the process VtoN2DS
    • vtoNpassivebe changed into
    • vtt(oN1.)+N2change N1 deliberately into N2
    • vttoN.+V[0]reflexive.自change (oneself) deliberately into being V. make (oneself) V
    訛  é OC: ŋʷaal MC: ŋʷɑ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNto move; change
    • vtoNreflexive.訛心change (your own heart)
    齔  chèn OC: tshrins MC: ʈʂhɪn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNchange (one's teeth, from milk teeth)
    變成  biàn chéng OC: prons djeŋ MC: piɛn dʑiɛŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNchangebe transformed into
    代  dài OC: lɯɯɡs MC: dəi 2 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • vadVreplace> one after the other; in succession; from generation to generation
    • vichange(of non-human subjects) change periodically
    遷化  qiān huà MC: tshjen xwaeH OC: tshen hŋʷraals 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNmiddlevoiceget transformedLZ
    • VPtoNpassivebe transformed (so as to die)CH
    徙  xǐ OC: selʔ MC: siɛ 2 Attributions

    Xǐ 徙 refers to making the object moved unstable.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 改/IMPROVE The standard word for changing something for the better is gǎi 改.

      Syntactic words
    • vichangechange one's ways; change from a normal or stable state
    悛  quān OC: skhlon MC: tshiɛn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactchange one's ways (to the better)
    • vtoNchange
    變置  biàn zhì OC: prons tɯɡs MC: piɛn ʈɨ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)replace the contextually determinate object
    • VPtoNreplace
    變身  biàn shēn OC: prons qhjin MC: piɛn ɕin 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe transformed; transform oneself
    法化  fǎ huà OC: pab hŋʷraals MC: pi̯ɐp hɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabprocesstransformation through the dharma-law
    更調  gēng tiáo OC: kraaŋ dɯɯw MC: kɣaŋ deu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNswitch to; change into
    遷謝  qiān xiè OC: tshen MC: tshiɛn zɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPprocessperiodic change
    遷變  qiān biàn OC: tshen prons MC: tshiɛn piɛn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPab.cchanges, transformations
    萬變  wàn biàn MC: -- pjenH OC: -- prons 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabeventall kinds of abrupt new constellations, changing conditionsLZ
    化而  huà ér MC: xwaeH nyi OC: hŋʷraals njɯ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVchange so as to then V; change into V-ingCH
    迴  huí OC: ɢuul MC: ɦuo̝i 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vichangechange one's mind
    起滅  qǐ miè OC: khɯʔ med MC: khɨ miɛt 1 Attribution

      Syntactic words
    • NPabeventrise and destruction
    損益  sǔn yì OC: squunʔ qleɡ MC: suo̝n ʔiɛk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPimathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
    • VPt(oN)to alter the contextually determinate N (lit. by substracting from it and adding to it)LZ
    改化  gǎi huà OC: klɯɯʔ hŋʷraals MC: kəi hɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNpassivebe changed/improved so as to be transformed
    消息  xiāo xī OC: smew sqlɯɡ MC: siɛu sɨk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPichange and adapt (with the times etc)CH
    • VPtoNmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
    改換  gǎi huàn OC: klɯɯʔ ɢloons MC: kəi ɦʷɑn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabprocesschange
    改更  gǎi gēng OC: klɯɯʔ kraaŋ MC: kəi kɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPichange one's ways; "turn over a new leaf"
    轉化  zhuǎn huà OC: tonʔ hŋʷraals MC: ʈiɛn hɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabacttransforming oneself
    • NPabprocesschange
    • VPiacttransform oneself
    反覆  fǎn fù MC: pjonX phjuwk OC: panʔ phuɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabvicissitudes; reversion; inversionCH
    物變化  wù biàn huà MC: mjut pjenH xwaeH OC: mɯd prons hŋʷraals 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabprocesstransformation of thingsCH
    變作  biàn zuò OC: prons tsaaɡ MC: piɛn tsɑk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNresultativechange into, be transformed into
    變勢  biàn shì MC: pjenH -- OC: prons hŋljads 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabacttransfer of power, replacement of one rule by another oneLZ
    易徙  yì xǐ OC: leɡ selʔ MC: jiɛk siɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiundergo changes (e.g. in temperature)
    迭代  dié dài MC: det dojH OC: liiɡ lɯɯɡs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabalternationCH
    革更  gé gēng OC: krɯɯɡ kraaŋ MC: kɣɛk kɣaŋ 1 Attribution

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 變/CHANGE The most current general words for objective and typically abrupt change are biàn 變 "change from one's original state to become something different" (ant. héng �� "remain constant").

      Syntactic words
    • VPichange; be changed and renewed
    • VPtoNpassivebe changed into something new, undergo change into something new
    • VPtoNresultativechange
    易改  yì gǎi MC: yek kojX OC: leɡ klɯɯʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNchange in all sorts of waysCH
    散聚  sàn jù MC: -- dzjuX OC: sqaans sɡoʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPab.adVin the coagulations and dispersals in the universeCH
    興衰  xīng shuāi OC: qhɯŋ srul MC: hɨŋ ʂi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabrise and declineCH
    • VPadNbe impermanent
    有他  yǒu tā OC: ɢʷɯʔ lʰaal MC: ɦɨu thɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPipsychchange one's mind 有他志
    始終  shǐ zhōng OC: lʰɯʔ tjuŋ MC: ɕɨ tɕuŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPab{N1&N2}processcyclic development, revolution
    演為  yǎn wéi OC: lenʔ ɢʷal MC: jiɛn ɦiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtt(oN.)+V[0]develop so as to become V/> develop a contextually determinate N so that it becomes V
    遷易  qiān yì MC: tshjen yeH OC: tshen leeɡs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPitake on different functionsCH
    復反  fù fǎn OC: buɡs panʔ MC: bɨu pi̯ɐn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNresultativereform so as to reverse (one's true nature)
    流  liú OC: ru MC: lɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNcontinuously changingCH
    • vi-Vchange (so as to become something else) 流為
    爻  yáo OC: ɡraaw MC: ɦɣɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabchangeK: change as expressed in the lines of the Yijing hexagram
    異  yì OC: p-lɯɡs MC: jɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabbuddhistBUDDH: change (as part of the four phases of birth, continuation, change, and extinction)
    • vtoNcausativecause to be different
    皫  piǎo OC: phewʔ MC: phiɛu
    犥  piǎo OC: phewʔ MC: phiɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNchange colour (of birds)
    變革  biàn gé MC: pjenH keak OC: prons krɯɯɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPichange in all sorts of waysCH
    訛  é OC: ŋʷaal MC: ŋʷɑ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNtransform
    謫  zhé OC: krleeɡ MC: ʈɣɛk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabeventchange of the appearance of the sun ZUO; K: loan
    譎  jué OC: kʷliid MC: ket 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viprocesschange
    蹈  dào OC: ɡ-luus MC: dɑu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vichangeable; shifting
    改常  gǎi cháng OC: klɯɯʔ djaŋ MC: kəi dʑi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPichangechange from the normal state
    改易  gǎi yì OC: klɯɯʔ leɡ MC: kəi jiɛk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPichange YTL, LUNHENG
    • VPtoNpassivebe changed into N
    移改  yí gǎi OC: k-lal klɯɯʔ MC: jiɛ kəi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiprocessundergo changes, go through transformations
    無素  wú sù OC: ma saas MC: mi̯o suo̝ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPihave no basic principle> be chaning and wavering
    非常  fēi cháng OC: pɯl djaŋ MC: pɨi dʑi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPicontinuousbe impermanent
    變動  biàn dòng OC: prons dooŋʔ MC: piɛn duŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiLUNHENG: change
    轉易  zhuǎn yì OC: tonʔ leɡ MC: ʈiɛn jiɛk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNchange (something) around
    更代  gēng dài OC: kraaŋ lɯɯɡs MC: kɣaŋ dəi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNchanging, turn-taking
    變改  biàn gǎi OC: prons klɯɯʔ MC: piɛn kəi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiresultativeLunheng: change artificially so as to become better> get better
    更國  gēng guó OC: kraaŋ kʷɯɯɡ MC: kɣaŋ kək 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNresultativechange so as to cause to become a state
    遷動  qiān dòng OC: tshen dooŋʔ MC: tshiɛn duŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactchange one's stance; change one's ways
    改革  gǎi gé OC: klɯɯʔ krɯɯɡ MC: kəi kɣɛk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNpassivebe changed
    變現  biàn xiàn OC: prons ɡeens MC: piɛn ɦen 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVappear in transformed shapes
    變異  biàn yì OC: prons p-lɯɡs MC: piɛn jɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNresultativeLunheng: change so as to make different> change into something different
    幡  fān OC: phan MC: phi̯ɐn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viversatile; changing
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabalternationCH
    更為  gēng wéi OC: kraaŋ ɢʷal MC: kɣaŋ ɦiɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNchange into
    潮汐  cháo xī OC: daw sɢaɡ MC: ɖiɛu ziɛk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfigurativerise and fall; change
    殊  shū OC: djo MC: dʑi̯o 0 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Synon: 易/CHANGE Yì 易 refers prototypically to a change construed as brought about by a process of interchange and (often mutual) replacement.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativecause to be become different
    爰  yuán OC: ɢʷan MC: ɦi̯ɐn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNchanged