LIVE 生活生
EXIST AND USE FOOD.
ALIVELIFELIVINGLIVEBREATHINGVITALFUNCTIONINGANIMATESENTIENTEXISTINGINFORMAL ALIVE AND KICKINGIN THE LAND OF THE LIVINGAMONG THE LIVINGEXISTBE ALIVEBEHAVE LIFEBREATHEDRAW BREATHWALK THE EARTH
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current standard word for being alive is shēng 生 (ant. sǐ 死 "be dead").
2. Cún 存 (ant. wáng 亡 ) and zài 在 (ant. mò 沒 / 歿 "go under") refer to continuing in the state of being alive, but the word also refers to continued existence in general.
3. Huó 活 (ant. sǐ 死 ) specifically refers to the state of being alive when one might have been dead, and strongly connotes not only a failure to die but also the continued existence of life energy.
4. Mìng 命 refers specifically to one's life-span and not to the content of one's life that might be described in a biography.
5. Shēn 身 comes to refer to the life one conducts as in xíng shēn 行身 "conduct one's life" (Greek bios), and, and to one's lifespan as in zhōng shēn 終身 "all one's life".
6. Shòu 壽 (yāo 夭 "short life ended by an unnaturally early death") refers specifically to a lifespan as long as it naturally can be and should be.
2. Cún 存 (ant. wáng 亡 ) and zài 在 (ant. mò 沒 / 歿 "go under") refer to continuing in the state of being alive, but the word also refers to continued existence in general.
3. Huó 活 (ant. sǐ 死 ) specifically refers to the state of being alive when one might have been dead, and strongly connotes not only a failure to die but also the continued existence of life energy.
4. Mìng 命 refers specifically to one's life-span and not to the content of one's life that might be described in a biography.
5. Shēn 身 comes to refer to the life one conducts as in xíng shēn 行身 "conduct one's life" (Greek bios), and, and to one's lifespan as in zhōng shēn 終身 "all one's life".
6. Shòu 壽 (yāo 夭 "short life ended by an unnaturally early death") refers specifically to a lifespan as long as it naturally can be and should be.
Modern Chinese Criteria
生活
過活
過日子
吃飯
起居
活蹦亂跳
飲食起居
衣食住行
安身立命
安家立業
謀生
營生
治生
求生
為生
討生活
圖存
糊口
度命
事畜
仰事俯畜
養生送死
生活
日子
光陰
光景
狗命
生命
性命
命
活命
人命
民命
身
生
生死
存亡
死活
人天
陰陽
幽明
生死存亡
生老病死
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
過活
過日子
吃飯
起居
活蹦亂跳
飲食起居
衣食住行
安身立命
安家立業
謀生
營生
治生
求生
為生
討生活
圖存
糊口
度命
事畜
仰事俯畜
養生送死
生活
日子
光陰
光景
狗命
生命
性命
命
活命
人命
民命
身
生
生死
存亡
死活
人天
陰陽
幽明
生死存亡
生老病死
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
- A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages
(
BUCK 1988)
p.
4.74 - Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien
(
DOEDERLEIN 1840)
p.
ALIVE
vivus refers to a living being being alive rather than dead.
animans refers to a living being being animate rather than inanimate.
VITA
vita refers to the duration of life as such, and in particular the public life.
salus refers to the safety of life.
victus refers to the private life of a man.
- Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum
(
LANGIUS 1631)
p.
VITA
- 論衡同義詞研究
(
LUNHENG TONGYI 2004)
p.
79 - Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache
(
MAUTHNER WP 1924)
p.
II.275 - Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise
(
REY 2005)
p.
4.1889 - Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie
(
RITTER 1971-2007)
p.
5.52 - 東漢﹣隨常用詞演變研究
(
WANG WEIHUI 2000)
p.
302 - Key Concepts in Chinese Philosophy
(
ZHANG DAINIAN 2002)
p.
108 - Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.
- Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge
(
PILLON 1850)
p.
no.124 - A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms
(
T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004)
p.
NO.123
Words
生 shēng OC: sraaŋ MC: ʂɣaŋ 117 AttributionsWD
The current standard word for being alive is shēng 生 (ant. sǐ 死 "be dead").
- Word relations
- Ant: 死/DIE
The dominant general word is sǐ 死 (ant. shēng 生"be alive"), and this can refer to the death of plants as well as animals or men. - Ant: 殺 / 煞/KILL
The overwhelmingly dominant term referring to any form of taking the life of anything is shā 殺. - Epithet: 長/ENDURING
Cháng 長 (ant. duǎn 短 "of short duration") expresses bounded enduringness with a definite final point being typically imagined, although in cháng shēng 長生 the word refers to an unending long life. - Contrast: 存/LIVE
Cún 存 (ant. wáng 亡) and zài 在 (ant. mò 沒/歿 "go under") refer to continuing in the state of being alive, but the word also refers to continued existence in general. - Contrast: 身/PERSON
Shēn 身 regularly refers to the embodied person, as something to be cultivated, and as something to be morally careful about, but the word is originally widely used to refer to the physical body as such being at times hard to distinguish from the figurative use discussed in this group. The word is very often reflexive. - Contrast: 身/SELF
Shēn 身 typically refers to the subject in a contrastive way, and the word is often hard to distinguish from the nominal concept of a person. Adverbially, the word is different from PERSONALLY in that it does not connote distinction in the agent.
- Syntactic words
- nab[.post-N]featureone's state of being alive; one's life; one's survival; sometimes even: livelihood 治生 "look after one's livelihood"
- nabcausativeletting liveLZ
- nabfeature=vitalityvitality; living quality
- nabpsychlife, way of life, conditions of life
- nabtimelifespan, the stretch of time one is alive 長生
- v[adN]pluralthe living, those who are alive; living creatures
- vadNalive, live; living; occurring during one's lifetime
- vadVstativein a living state, while alive; sometimes the reference is to the object: while still alive 生燒人
- vadVwhole lifeall one's life
- viconativetry to survive
- vicontinuousbe alive; remain alive
- viinchoativestart to live, come to life, waken
- vt prep Nlive in (place N)LZ
- vt+prep+Nlive in (times N)
- vtoNcausativebe left alive; be made to survive
- vtoNcausativegive life
- vtoNcausativecause to be a living creature; cause to survive; cause to have a good life
- vtoNcontinuouslive in a place 生世上
命 mìng OC: mɢreŋs MC: mɣaŋ 37 AttributionsWD
Mìng 命 refers specifically to one's life-span and not to the content of one's life that might be described in a biography.
- Word relations
- Epithet: 短/SHORT
The current general term for shortness is duǎn 短 (ant. cháng 長 "long").
- Syntactic words
- nab(post-N)lifeCH
- nab.post-Nderivedcontinuing existence, lifeCH
- nabreflexivemy life, one's life
- nabstativestate of being alive, one's aliveness
- nabtimeallotted lifespan; life
身 shēn OC: qhjin MC: ɕin 24 AttributionsWD
Shēn 身 comes to refer to the life one conducts as in 行身 "conduct one's life" (Greek bios), and one's lifespan in certain idiomatic contexts, as in zhōng shēn 終身 "all one's life".
- Syntactic words
- nab(post-N)the life of the contextually determinate N
- nab.post-Nlife-time; personal survival; one's life as an individual (as someting one might lose, or which might be endangered)
- vtoNenact??
活 huó OC: ɡood MC: ɦʷɑt 20 AttributionsWD
Huó 活 (ant. sǐ 死) specifically refers to the state of being alive when one might have been dead, and strongly connotes not only a failure to die but also the continued existence of life energy.
- Word relations
- Ant: 死/DIE
The dominant general word is sǐ 死 (ant. shēng 生"be alive"), and this can refer to the death of plants as well as animals or men. - Ant: 殺 / 煞/KILL
The overwhelmingly dominant term referring to any form of taking the life of anything is shā 殺.
- Syntactic words
- vadNliving
- vadV(bury) alive
- viremain alive; save one's life
- viinchoativecome to lifeDS
- vtoNcausativeallow to remain alive; cause to survive
- vtoNcausativekeep (oneself) alive
- vtoNcausative.passivebe caused to survive
- vtoNcausative.reflex.自cause (oneself) to survive
在 zài OC: sɡɯɯʔ MC: dzəi 15 AttributionsWD
Cún 存 (ant. wáng 亡) and zài 在 (ant. mò 沒/歿 "go under") refer to continuing in the state of being alive, but the word also refers to continued existence in general.
- Word relations
- Ant: 沒 / 歿/DIE
Mò 沒/歿 (ant. cún 存 "survive") and zhōng 終are abstract elevated, polite words to use about the death of a significant person.
- Syntactic words
- viremain alive, survive; be alive
生死 shēng sǐ OC: sraaŋ pliʔ MC: ʂɣaŋ si 11 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPablife BUDDH: the cycle of life and death; SANSKRIT Saṃsāra
- NPabbuddhistthe cycle of death and rebirth
身命 shēn mìng OC: qhjin mɢreŋs MC: ɕin mɣaŋ 11 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabfeaturelife; physical life on this earth; human lives; one's own life
死生 sǐ shēng OC: pliʔ sraaŋ MC: si ʂɣaŋ 6 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabadditivelife and deathCH
- NPab{nab1ant.nab2}life on earth; one's dying or staying alive
- NPab{nab1ant.nab2}featuresurvivability (of a terrain)
壽 shòu OC: djuʔ MC: dʑɨu 5 AttributionsWD
Shòu 壽 (yāo 夭 "short life ended by an unnaturally early death") refers specifically to a lifespan as long as it naturally can be and should be.
- Word relations
- Oppos: 身/SELF
Shēn 身 typically refers to the subject in a contrastive way, and the word is often hard to distinguish from the nominal concept of a person. Adverbially, the word is different from PERSONALLY in that it does not connote distinction in the agent.
- Syntactic words
- nabtimelifetime, span of life (long OR short)
- vt+.V{NUM}adNreach the NUM age; live until NUM yearsDS
人命 rén mìng OC: njin mɢreŋs MC: ȵin mɣaŋ 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabfeaturefated life of men, human life
存 cún OC: sɡɯɯn MC: dzuo̝n 4 AttributionsWD
Cún 存 (ant. wáng 亡) and zài 在 (ant. mò 沒/歿 "go under") refer to continuing in the state of being alive, but the word also refers to continued existence in general.
- Word relations
- Contrast: 生/LIVE
The current standard word for being alive is shēng 生 (ant. sǐ 死 "be dead").
- Syntactic words
- vibe alive
世 shì OC: lʰebs MC: ɕiɛi 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nlife; lifetime 沒世"to the end of his life"
壽命 shòu mìng OC: djuʔ mɢreŋs MC: dʑɨu mɣaŋ 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPprocesslife
性命 xìng mìng OC: seŋs mɢreŋs MC: siɛŋ mɣaŋ 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabtimelife
死命 sǐ mìng OC: pliʔ mɢreŋs MC: si mɣaŋ 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabprocessthe destiny of death [not in DCD]
免 miǎn OC: mronʔ MC: miɛn 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- viprocessavoid disastrous premature death; survive; get to survive;
一世 yī shì OC: qliɡ lʰebs MC: ʔit ɕiɛi 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPab[post-N]one's whole life
- NPab{PRED}the whole life is overDS
人生 rén shēng OC: njin sraaŋ MC: ȵin ʂɣaŋ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabprocesshuman life
人身 rén shēn OC: njin qhjin MC: ȵin ɕin 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabstativeBUDDH: incarnation as a human being; human life
住世 zhù shì OC: dos lʰebs MC: ɖi̯o ɕiɛi 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiactdwell in this world> remain alive
在日 zài rì OC: sɡɯɯʔ mljiɡ MC: dzəi ȵit 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiprocessto be alive, to live
有命 yǒu mìng OC: ɢʷɯʔ mɢreŋs MC: ɦɨu mɣaŋ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NP[adN]living creatures
- VPadNendowed with life, living (creatures)
自活 zì huó OC: sblids ɡood MC: dzi ɦʷɑt 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPpost-Vearn a living by V-ing
自生 zì shēng OC: sblids sraaŋ MC: dzi ʂɣaŋ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPisurvive
偷生 tōu shēng MC: thuw sraeng OC: lʰoo sraaŋLZ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPito muddle alongLZ
住 zhù OC: tos MC: ʈi̯o 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vibe alive
度 dù OC: ɡ-laaɡs MC: duo̝ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vt[oN]pass through one's life
祿 lù OC: b-rooɡ MC: luk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- nfigurativelife
遺 yí OC: k-lul MC: ji 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- visurvive
今生 jīn shēng OC: krɯm sraaŋ MC: kim ʂɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadVin this life
寄生 jì shēng OC: krals sraaŋ MC: kiɛ ʂɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadNliving as dependent on the support/tolerance of others
故世 gù shì OC: kaas lʰebs MC: kuo̝ ɕiɛi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabprocessformer life; life in a former existence
治生 zhì shēng OC: rlils sraaŋ MC: ɖi ʂɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiactmake a living; earn a living; earn money
活計 huó jì OC: ɡood kiis MC: ɦʷɑt kei 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactlife as something provided for by one's activities; life as conducted (Greek: bios rather than the zoological zooee)
生命 shēng mìng OC: sraaŋ mɢreŋs MC: ʂɣaŋ mɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabstativelife
生存 shēng cún OC: sraaŋ sɡɯɯn MC: ʂɣaŋ dzuo̝n 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPibe alive
軀命 qū mìng OC: kho mɢreŋs MC: khi̯o mɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabstativehuman life
一生已來 yī shēng yǐ lái OC: qliɡ sraaŋ k-lɯʔ m-rɯɯ MC: ʔit ʂɣaŋ jɨ ləi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadVone's whole life
居 jū OC: ka MC: ki̯ɤ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- v[adN]N=humanalive person
陽 yáng OC: k-laŋ MC: ji̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- viprocesscome to life; live
生乎 shēng hū MC: sraeng hu OC: sraaŋ ɢaaLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadVwhile aliveLZ
舉火 jǔ huǒ MC: kjoX xwaX OC: klaʔ qphaalʔ CH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPicontinuativemake a livingCH
全身 quán shēn MC: dzjwen syin OC: sɡon qhjinCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPipreserve one's life; surviveCH
久視 jiǔ shì MC: kjuwX dzyijH OC: klɯʔ ɡljilsLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiidiomto live a long lifeLZ
長生 cháng shēng MC: drjang sraeng OC: ɡrlaŋ sraaŋLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPito live a long lifeLZ
長生久視 cháng shēng jiǔ shì MC: drjang sraeng kjuwX dzyijH OC: ɡrlaŋ sraaŋ klɯʔ ɡljilsLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiidiomto live a long lifeLZ
含生 hán shēng MC: hom sraeng OC: ɡlɯɯm sraaŋCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VP[adN]living creaturesCH
有 yǒu MC: hjuwX OC: ɢʷɯʔCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vi N{SUBJ}exist as a living being, liveCH
年壽 nián shòu MC: nen dzyuwX OC: niin djuʔCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- nabtimelifespanCH
生平 shēng píng MC: sraeng bjaeng OC: sraaŋ breŋDS 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPab.adNliving; being of the time when sb. was alive DS
視 shì OC: ɡljils MC: dʑi 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabprocesstime to enjoy life, enjoyment of life??? Cf. Greek blepein.
軀 qū OC: kho MC: khi̯o 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabactrarely, in certain idiomatic contexts life (as something one may lose or forfeit)
平生 píng shēng OC: breŋ sraaŋ MC: bɣaŋ ʂɣaŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadVthroughout one's life
為身 wéi shēn OC: ɢʷal qhjin MC: ɦiɛ ɕin 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiactconduct one's life
處世 chù shì OC: qhljas lʰebs MC: tɕhi̯ɤ ɕiɛi 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactconduct of life
- VPiactconduct one's life
邪命 xié mìng OC: sɢlja mɢreŋs MC: zɣɛ mɣaŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- 佛教語大辭典 Bukkyōgo daijiten Encyclopedic Dictionary of Buddhist Terms
(
NAKAMURA)
p.
612d, 613a - A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms
(
SOOTHILL)
p.
246 Heterodox or improper ways of obtaining a living on the part of a monk, e. g. by doing work with his hands, by astrology, his wits, flattery, magic, etc. Begging, or seeking alms, was the orthodox way of obtaining a living.
- Syntactic words
- NPadVBUDDH: through heterodox means of living (often concretely refering to receiving food in an improper way (e.g. by means of work) instead of mendinancy 乞食) (see also 五邪命) (ant. of zhèngmìng 正命); skr. mithyā-ājiva; also 邪命活 pali micchājivena jīvikaṃ kappenti
五邪命 wǔ xié mìng OC: ŋaaʔ sɢlja mɢreŋs MC: ŋuo̝ zɣɛ mɣaŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactBUDDH: "The five improper ways of gain or livelihood for a monk, i. e. (1) changing his appearance, e. g. theatrically; (2) advertising his own powers and virtue; (3) fortuning by physiognomy, etc.; (4) hectoring and bullying; (5) praising the generosity of another to induce the hearer to bestow presents." (SOOTHILL: 128)
餘 yú OC: la MC: ji̯ɤ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadNsurviving
Existing SW for
Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database:
Searching Wikidata
Type: