SIGH    歎氣歎

BREATHE out INTENSELY AND LOUDLY so as to SHOW one's SELF:own SADNESS.
BREATHE OUTEXHALEGROANMOAN
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for any kind of sigh or groan is tàn 歎. 2. Tài xí 太息 refers to sighing not as a sign of distress but of any heightened emotion. 3. Kuì rán 喟然 refers almost onomatopoetically to the sound of sighing. 4. Shēn 呻 refers to a slow and drawn-out sigh, according to tradition. 5. Yín 吟 refers, according to tradition, to a somewhat shorter and more eruptive sigh. 6. Wǎn 惋 refers to a sigh expressive of distress. 7. Jiē 嗟 refers typically to a demonstrative sigh (or occasionally even lamentation), but this demonstrative sigh can also signify admiration. 8. Kài 慨 refers to an intense sigh of heightened emotion of any kind. 9. Xī xū 欷歔 and the earlier xū xī 歔欷 refer to tearful sighs of distress.
Modern Chinese Criteria
嘆氣／歎氣 is the current general modern word for sighing. 嘆息 太息 嗟嘆 咨嗟 興嘆 長嘆 浩嘆 悲嘆 哀嘆 吟嘯 慨嘆 喟嘆 感慨 感嘆 感喟 慨然 喟然 唉聲嘆氣 長吁短嘆 嘆 噓 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
See also
  • WEEPREACT OR ACT by PRODUCING TEARS IN-RELATION-T0 something one INTENSELY FEELS is SAD.
Hypernym
  • BREATHE　DISPLACE AIR so as to FILL the LUNGS with AIR AND THEN CAUSE the LUNGS TO BECOME EMPTY of that AIR in order to SURVIVE. (anc: 12/0, child: 5)
  • DISPLACE　CAUSE to MOVE. (anc: 11/0, child: 28)
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 16.39

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    SIGH

    suspirare is a deep drawing of the breath and then forcible emission of it, as the immediate consequence of an afflictd heart.

    gemere refers to a groan, and it is more of a voluntary act in order to give vent to the afflicted heart.

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 101

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 52A

    • Words (33 items)

    太息  tài xī OC: thaads sqlɯɡ MC: thɑi sɨk 39 Attributions

    Tài xí 太息 refers to sighing not as a sign of distress but of any heightened emotion.

      Syntactic words
    • VPiactsigh (as a sign of hightened emotion)
    歎  tàn MC: thanH OC: mqhlaans
    嘆  tàn OC: mqhlaans MC: thɑn 28 Attributions

    The current general word for any kind of sigh or groan is tàn 歎.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactsigh; sighs; sighing
    • vadVwith a sigh 歎曰
    • vichime in with an operatic sighCH
    • viactto sigh
    • viinchoativestart to sighCH
    • vtoNto sigh about, heave sighs concerning (often sighs of admiration)
    • vtoNsigh disapprovingly, giving up on NCH
    • vtoSsigh about S
    喟然  kuì rán OC: khruds njen MC: khi ȵiɛn 8 Attributions

    Kuì rán 喟然 refers perhaps almost onomatopoetically to the sound of sighing.

      Syntactic words
    • VPadSwith a deep sigh; mournfully
    • VPiactutter a deep emotional sigh
    嗟  jiē OC: skal MC: tsɣɛ 7 Attributions

    Jiē 嗟 refers typically to a demonstrative sigh (or occasionally even lamentation), but this demonstrative sigh can also signify admiration.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactsighing (in joy); rejoicing
    • vadNsighing; or: causing one to sigh
    • vi0exclamatoryalas!
    • viactsigh, lament
    • vtoNheave a sigh about
    大息  dà xī OC: daads sqlɯɡ MC: dɑi sɨk 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactheave a deep sigh
    噫  yī OC: qɯ MC: ʔɨ
    噫意  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 5 Attributions
    • 漢語大詞典 ( HYDCD) p. 4.913

      Syntactic words
    • visigh out of admiration
    • vi0exclamatorynegative: oh!
    • viregretsigh out of regret
    嗟嘆  jiē tàn OC: skal mqhlaans MC: tsɣɛ thɑn 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactsighing
    • VPadVwith a sigh
    • VPiactto sigh (in admiration or in despair)
    嗟歎  jiē tàn OC: skal mqhlaans MC: tsɣɛ thɑn 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactsigh
    • VPtoNsigh in admiration of
    吟  yín OC: ŋɡrɯm MC: ŋim 3 Attributions

    Yín 吟 refers, according to tradition, to a somewhat shorter and more eruptive sigh.

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 長/ENDURING Cháng 長 (ant. duǎn 短 "of short duration") expresses bounded enduringness with a definite final point being typically imagined, although in cháng shēng 長生 the word refers to an unending long life.

      Syntactic words
    • viactmoan and lament quietly
    • vtoNpoeticto sigh (the wind)
    喟  kuài OC: khruuds MC: khɣɛi 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vi-V{SUFF}.adVsigh
    • vi.redactsigh continuously or intensely; be sighing
    息  xī OC: sqlɯɡ MC: sɨk 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactheave a sigh; usually in 太息
    愾  kài OC: khɯɯds MC: khɑi
    慨  kài OC: khɯɯds MC: khɑi 3 Attributions

    Kài 慨 refers to an intense sigh of heightened emotion of any kind.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactsighs
    • vadVwith a groaning sighCH
    • vi-P.adVwith a sighCH
    • viactgroan
    哽咽  gěng yàn OC: kraaŋʔ qiins MC: kɣaŋ ʔen 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactsob violently
    咨嗟  zī jiē OC: sti skal MC: tsi tsɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoSquotationsigh: S
    悲歎  bēi tàn OC: prɯl mqhlaans MC: pi thɑn
    悲嘆  bēi tàn OC: prɯl mqhlaans MC: pi thɑn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactsigh
    憂吟  yōu yín OC: qu ŋɡrɯm MC: ʔɨu ŋim 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactsigh as a sign of profound worry
    喟歎  kuì tàn OC: khruds mqhlaans MC: khi thɑn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVsighing profusely
    吁  xū OC: qhʷla MC: hi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNsighing
    • viactsigh of amazement or astonishment
    咨  zī OC: sti MC: tsi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viactmoan; groan
    嗄  shà OC: sqraas MC: ʂɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viactto sigh (as an expression of disapproval)
    噓  xù MC: -- OC: qhlas 1 Attribution

      Word relations
    • Synon: 歎 / 嘆/SIGH The current general word for any kind of sigh or groan is tàn 歎.

      Syntactic words
    • viactsighCH
    噓欷  xū xī OC: qhla qhlɯl MC: hi̯ɤ hɨi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactsobbing
    惋  wǎn OC: qoons MC: ʔʷɑn 1 Attribution

    Wǎn 惋 refers to a sigh expressive of distress.

      Syntactic words
    • viactsigh of regret and resentment
    意  yī MC: -- OC: -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • padSAlas! ...CH
    嘆服  tàn fú OC: mqhlaans bɯɡ MC: thɑn buk
    歎服  tàn fú OC: mqhlaans bɯɡ MC: thɑn buk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactheave a sigh of admiration
    呻  shēn OC: lʰin MC: ɕin 0 Attributions

    Shēn 呻 refers to a slow and drawn-out sigh, according to tradition.

      Syntactic words
    • viactmoan in a long-drawn way
    唶  jiè OC:  MC: tsɣɛ 0 Attributions

    zé

      Syntactic words
    • vadNsighing
    • vi.redactbe full of sighs
    嚬  pín OC: bin MC: bin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactsigh
    歎息  tàn xī OC: mqhlaans sqlɯɡ MC: thɑn sɨk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactsighs
    • VPiactsigh
    欷歔  xī xū OC: qhlɯl qhla MC: hɨi hi̯ɤ 0 Attributions

    Xī xū 欷歔 and the earlier xū xī 歔欷refer to tearful sighs of distress.

      Syntactic words
    • VPiactbe tearful and full of sighs
    歔欷  xū xī OC: qhla qhlɯl MC: hi̯ɤ hɨi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe tearful and full of sighs
    欷  xī OC: qhlɯl MC: hɨi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vipoetic: be tearful, full of sighs
    欸  āi OC: qɯɯ MC: ʔəi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vi0exclamatorypost-Han: affirmative: oh!