PERIOD    時期時／期

TIME CONSISTING of a LIMITED SEQUENCE of MOMENTS.
TIMESPELLINTERVALSTRETCHTERMSPANPHASEBOUTRUNDURATIONCHAPTERSTAGEWHILEPATCHERAAGEEPOCHTIMEDAYSYEARSRhPERIODOS
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The most current general term for a period of time is shí 時, but the term often retains its connotations of "seasons of the year". 2. Qī 期 refers to a designated period of time where something is supposed to happen.
Modern Chinese Criteria
年代 年歲 年間 年份 年世 時期 時代 時日 一時 一代 一世 時 期 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • AFTERNOON　PERIOD LATE IN-RELATION-TO MID-DAY AND BEFORE EVENING.  (anc: 5/0, child: 0)
  • AGE　PERIOD a CREATURE has been LIVE:alive in the PAST.  (anc: 5/0, child: 3)
  • DAY　PERIOD FROM MORNING TO EVENING OR FROM MIDNIGHT TO MIDNIGHT. (anc: 5/0, child: 5)
  • EVENING　PERIOD of DAY BEFORE one SLEEPS AND LATER:after one STOPS WORKING. (anc: 5/0, child: 0)
  • FUTURE　TIME PERIOD LATE IN-RELATION-TO NOW. (anc: 5/0, child: 2)
  • GENERATION　PERIOD EQUAL to that of the LIFE of a HUMAN. (anc: 5/0, child: 0)
  • MORNING　PERIOD BEFORE AND AFTER SUNRISE, BEFORE MIDDAY. (anc: 5/0, child: 1)
  • SEASON　ONE of FOUR PERIODS into which the YEAR is DIVIDED. (anc: 5/0, child: 0)
  • EARLY　TIME PERIOD SOMETHING has NOT-YET HAPPENED (anc: 5/0, child: 2)
  • MEANWHILE　PERIOD when ANOTHER EVENT is OR was HAPPENING. (anc: 5/0, child: 0)
  • MONTH　PERIOD of APPROXIMATELY 30 DAYS into which the YEAR is DIVIDED. (anc: 5/0, child: 0)
  • WEEK　PERIOD of TYPICALLY 7 OR 10 DAYS into which the MONTH is DIVIDED. (anc: 5/0, child: 0)
  • NIGHT　PART of DAY when it is COMPLETELY DARK AND when one SLEEPS. (anc: 5/0, child: 0)
  • WHILE　DURING the PERIOD WHEN S. GRAMMAR[] (anc: 5/0, child: 2)
  • HOUR　PERIODS into which the DAY OR a PART of a DAY is DIVIDED. (anc: 5/0, child: 0)
  • MINUTE　MORE SHORT PERIODS into which an HOUR is DIVIDED. (anc: 5/0, child: 0)
  • ETERNITY　PERIOD LACKING LIMITS. (anc: 5/0, child: 0)
  • HOLIDAY　PERIOD when PUBLIC EMPLOYEES do NOT WORK. (anc: 5/0, child: 0)
  • CRISIS　IMPORTANT SITUATION OR PERIOD in which there EXIST MANY DIFFERENT POSSIBILITIES for the DEVELOPMENT of a SOCIETY. (anc: 5/0, child: 0)
  • LIFE　PERIOD DURING WHICH ONE LIVES (anc: 5/0, child: 0)
Hypernym
  • TIME　ABSTRACT OBJECT that all EVENTS ARE-IN. (anc: 3/0, child: 11)
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)
  • PRIME　 (anc: 1/0, child: 2)
  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 292

  • Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik ( SCHMIDT 1889) p. 92

  • Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages ( DE VAAN 2008) p.

    aevus / aevum 'period of time; past; future' [m. (PI., Lucr., C1L); n. (mostly) o] (P1.+)

    Derivatives: aetas, -atis 'age' (P1.+) < aevitas (Lex XII, Var.); aeternus 'eternal'

    (P1.+) < aeviternus (Pac.+).

  • Ästhetische Grundbegriffe ( BARCK 2010) p. 6.778

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 14

    • Words (44 items)

    劫  jié OC: kab MC: ki̯ɐp 15 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 長/ENDURING Cháng 長 (ant. duǎn 短 "of short duration") expresses bounded enduringness with a definite final point being typically imagined, although in cháng shēng 長生 the word refers to an unending long life.

      Syntactic words
    • nabbuddhistBUDDH: a time period lasting from the creation of a universe until its destruction; SANSKRIT kalpa
    • nadSBUDDH: within the time period of a kalpa
    時  shí OC: ɡljɯ MC: dʑɨ 15 Attributions

    The most current general term for a period of time is shí 時, but the term often retains its connotations of "seasons of the year".

      Syntactic words
    • nperiod of timeCH
    • nadNof the time
    • nadSSat this time; during this period
    • nadV.postN{SUBJ}at the time; during this periodCH
    • npost-Nduring the space of time of N; during the period of the predominance of N
    • npost-S1.adS2at the period when S1CH
    世  shì OC: lʰebs MC: ɕiɛi 14 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 晚/LATE Wǎn 晚 (ant. zǎo 早"early") can refer a point in time much later than presupposed, or a time much later than the previous event.

      Syntactic words
    • n[post-N1.]adN2the contemporary age, of one's timeCH
    • nabtime period (compare sānshì 三世 past, present, future)
    • npost-Nthe period/time of N
    • npost-Vperiod, generationVK
    • npost-V{NUM}NUM generationsDS
    阿僧祇劫  ā sēng qí jié OC: qlaal sɯɯŋ ɡe kab MC: ʔɑ səŋ giɛ ki̯ɐp 9 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPbuddhistBUDDH: incalculable eons; unimagineably long periods of time; SANSKRIT asaṃkhya kalpa (referring to the period of time it takes for an unenlighened sentient being to gain the enlightenment of a Buddha; see also 三阿僧祗劫 or 阿僧祗 ) See DDB: http://www.buddhism-dict.net/cgi-bin/xpr-ddb.pl?4e.xml+id('b4e09-963f-50e7-7947-52ab')
    期  qī OC: ɡɯ MC: gɨ 9 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • nabtimeSHI 58: agreed time; SHI 66: period of time; predicted period or time; time of an appointment
    • vt+prep+Nidentify a period of year according to NLZ
    • vt+prep+NN=timeset the time on the period NDS
    • vt[oN]middle voicethe time was givenDS
    三世  sān shì OC: saam lʰebs MC: sɑm ɕiɛi 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPab.adNbuddhistBUDDH: of the three periods of time (past, present, future)
    • NPabtimeBUDDH: the three periods of time: past, present, future
    夏  xià OC: ɡraaʔ MC: ɦɣɛ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabtimeBUDDH: summer training period in a Chán monastery
    賢劫  xián jié OC: ɡiin kab MC: ɦen ki̯ɐp 4 Attributions
    • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 6174c-6175a

      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: this refers to the present kalpa which is supposed to produce 1,000 Buddhas, Śāakuamuni being the fourth of them; skr. bhadra-kalpa
    三祇劫  sān qí jié OC: saam ɡe kab MC: sɑm giɛ ki̯ɐp 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: three incalculable eons; three unimagineably long periods of time (referring to the period of time it takes for an unenlighened sentient being to gain the enlightenment of a Buddha; usually written 三阿僧祗劫 or 阿僧祗 ) SANSKRIT tri-kalpasaṃkheyeyaSee DDB: http://www.buddhism-dict.net/cgi-bin/xpr-ddb.pl?4e.xml+id('b4e09-963f-50e7-7947-52ab')
    小劫  xiǎo jié OC: smewʔ kab MC: siɛu ki̯ɐp 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: a small kalpa (80 small kalpa form a great kalpa, see 大劫)
    有閒  yǒu jiān MC: hjuwX kean OC: ɢʷɯʔ kreen 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPpostadV=有間 for a whileCH
    辰  chén MC: dzyin OC: ɡljɯn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabPeriod 7-9 amCW
    酉  yǒu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabtimeEarly evening, 5-7pmCW
    莊嚴劫  zhuāng yán jié OC: skraŋ ŋɡam kab MC: ʈʂi̯ɐŋ ŋi̯ɐm ki̯ɐp 1 Attribution
    • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 1778a

      Syntactic words
    • NPprmeaningBUDDH: the past skr. Vyūha kalpa (the names of the 1,000 Buddhas of the this kalpa are listed in the Guòqù Zhuāngyán jié qiānfó míng jīng 過去莊嚴劫千佛名經)
    六國時  liù lù liù guó shí MC: ljuwk kwok dzyi OC: ɡ-ruɡ kʷɯɯɡ ɡljɯ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPprthe period of the 六國 CH
    大劫  dà jié OC: daads kab MC: dɑi ki̯ɐp 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: a great kalpa (i.e. the time period from the creation of a universe until its destruction; a great kalpa is sometimes calculated as consisting of 80 small kalpas and lasting for 1,347,000,000 years); SANSKRIT mahākalpa
    空劫  kōng jié OC: khooŋ kab MC: khuŋ ki̯ɐp 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabBUDDH: the kalpa of emptiness (this refers to the fourth phase within a kalpa, the period after a universe has been destroyed and before a new universe is created; during this period all sentient beings of the realm of form (色界) and realm of desire (欲界) are extinguished, and everything is completely void except the fourth dhyāna heaven, 第四禪天); see also 四劫
    時世  shí shì OC: ɡljɯ lʰebs MC: dʑɨ ɕiɛi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPthe times (as changing in character)
    於是  yú shì MC: 'jo dzyeX OC: qa ɡljeʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadSDuring that period, at that historical stageCH
    三劫  sān jié OC: saam kab MC: sɑm ki̯ɐp 1 Attribution
    • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 553b

      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: the three kalpas, referring to the past kalpa (莊嚴劫), the present kalpa (賢劫), and the future kalpa (星宿) (each of the kalpas is supposed to produce 1,000 Buddhas which are referred to as 三劫三千佛)
    星宿劫  xīng sù jié OC: seeŋ suɡ kab MC: seŋ suk ki̯ɐp 1 Attribution
    • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 3837b

    • 釋迦譜 Shìjiā pǔ Taishō ( SHIJIAPU) p. 9c15-26

      其千人者花光佛為首。下至毘舍。於莊嚴劫得成佛道。過去千佛是也。此中千佛者拘留孫佛為首。下至樓至如來。於賢劫中次第成佛。後千佛者日光如來為首。下至須彌相。於星宿劫中當得成佛。現在十方諸佛善德如來等。亦得聞是五十三佛名故。於十方世界各得成佛。過去五十三佛名。在藥王藥上觀經。三千佛名在諸佛集功德花經。千佛名號國土種姓。父母弟子眷屬眾會年歲在賢劫經。釋迦在賢劫中千佛第四成佛祐仰惟。

      Syntactic words
    • NPprbuddhistBUDDH: the future skr. Naksatra kalpa
    丑  chǒu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabtimeBefore dawn, 1 to 3 amCW
    亥  hài 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabtimeLate evening 9 - 11pmCW
    午  wǔ MC: nguX OC: ŋaaʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabtimeMidday, 11am to 1pmCW
    卯  mǎo 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabThe period of the sunrise (5-7 am)CW
    三更  sān gēng OC: saam kraaŋ MC: sɑm kɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabthe third watch of the night (the period between 11 p.m. and 1 a.m.)
    子  zǐ MC: tsiX OC: sklɯʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabtimeMidnight, 11pm to 1 amCW
    巳  sì 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabMid morning, 9-11amCW
    戌  xū MC: swit OC: smid 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabtimeDusk hour, 7 to 9 pmCW
    日  rì OC: mljiɡ MC: ȵit 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • ntime of day 日暮 "the time of day is evening"
    • nOBIOBI: time of day 食日／時 "meal-time"
    旬  xún OC: sɢʷlin MC: zʷin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nadNten (days)
    • nadVnextfor the (upcoming) week
    • nnextOBI: the ensuing ten-day-week, the next ten days
    更  gēng OC: kraaŋ MC: kɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabwatch of the night (divided into five two-hour periods, wǔgēng 五更, the first starting at 7 p.m.)
    未  wèi MC: mj+jH OC: mɯds 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabAfternoon hour, 1 to 3 pmCW
    申  shēn MC: syin OC: lʰin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabtimeLater afternoon, 3 - 5 pm.CW
    時間  shí jiān OC: ɡljɯ kreen MC: dʑɨ kɣɛn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabtime period
    期節  qī jié OC: ɡɯ tsiiɡ MC: gɨ tset 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPdestined season, preestablished proper period
    秋  qiū OC: tshiw MC: tshɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nadNof the autumn periodCH
    • npost-Nthe period of N
    小時  xiǎo shí OC: smewʔ ɡljɯ MC: siɛu dʑɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVafter a short while/time
    頃久  qǐng jiǔ OC: khʷleŋʔ klɯʔ MC: khiɛŋ kɨu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPi0adVfor a good while
    喪期  sāng qī OC: smaaŋ ɡɯ MC: sɑŋ gɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabtimeperiod of mourning
    四劫  sì jié OC: plids kab MC: si ki̯ɐp 0 Attributions
    • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 1694

    • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 2811

    • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 3475c

      Syntactic words
    • NPabBUDDH: the four phases/periods within a kalpa: the period of the creation of a universe (成劫), the period of the existence of a universe (住劫), the period of the destruction of a universe (壞劫), the period after a universe has been constructed and before a new universe is created (空劫)
    寓  yù OC: ŋos MC: ŋi̯o 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVtemporarily; for the time being
    年  nián OC: niin MC: nen 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nperiod; years of one's life 遐年 "later years; old age"
    節  jié OC: tsiiɡ MC: tset 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabtimepart of the year; period