Taxonomy of meanings for 拒:　　

Additional information about 拒

說文解字:

Criteria
• AGREE TO
  

  [ASCENDING/HORIZONTAL/DESCENDING]

  [EXPLICIT/IMPLICIT]

  [FORMAL/INFORMAL]

  [MENTAL/PRACTICAL]

  [REACTIVE/SPONTANEOUS]

  1. Nuò 諾 (ant. yǐ 已 "be unwilling") expresses a general agreement to do what is asked of one, and this is the most common word which can be used both by superiors and by inferiors when expressing agreement.

  [EXPLICIT], [FORMAL], [REACTIVE]

  2. Wéi 唯 (ant. fǒu 否 "refuse") expresses an unquestioning agreement directed at superiors to do what is asked of one.concerning a major undertaking by means of a mutual promise.

  [ASCENDING], [EXPLICIT], [FORMAL], [REACTIVE]

  3. Qī 期 refers to the entering into a typically non-hierarchical agreement concerning any form of common action by means of a mutual promise.

  [EXPLICIT], [HORIZONTAL], [INFORMAL], [SPONTANEOUS]

  4. Yuē 約 refers to the entering into a voluntary binding agreement of any kind between equals.

  [EXPLICIT], [FORMAL], [HORIZONTAL], [SPONTANEOUS]

  5. Kěn 肯 (ant. jù (ér bù shòu) 拒（而不受 ) "refuse to accede to a request") refers to a willingness to do what one might refuse to do.

  [IMPLICIT], [MENTAL]

  6. Cóng 從 "do as one is told" (ant. cí 辭 "refuse") can refer to an agreement by a superior to do as is being suggested by an inferior rather than the obeying itself. See OBEY

  [IMPLICIT], [PRACTICAL], [REACTIVE]

• OBEY
  

  1. The most current general word for obedience is probably cóng 從 (ant. jù 拒 "refuse to carry out an order"), which refers literally to the following of orders on particular occasions, and more generally to showing obedience to a person.

  2. Shùn 順 (ant. nì 逆 "refuse to conform") can refer to the conforming with a standard set by someone or an intention someone has.

  3. Fú 服 (ant. jiàng 強 "stubbornly refuse") is to submit to higher authority through obedience to its orders, and this submission may be either voluntary or enforced by circumstances.

  4. Tīng 聽 (ant. fú tīng 弗聽 "refuse to listen") refers primarily to following advice from inferiors, but the word is also used for being mindful of an order one has heard so as to carry it out.

  5. Nuò 諾 (ant. fǒu 否 "refuse to comply") is to declare an intention to do as one is told when one normally has no alternative but to obey.

• RECEIVE
  

  1. The current general word is shòu 受 (ant. jù 拒 "refuse to accept"; ant.* yǔ 與 "give"), which can refer to any concrete or abstract form of receiving or being exposed to.

  2. Chéng 承 (ant.* zèng 贈 "present formally") refers to the polite act of receiving something as a gift.

  3. Fèng 奉 and bǐng 稟 (ant.* cì 賜 "present formally to inferiors") refers to the polite act of receiving any concrete or abstract thing (including orders and the like) from a superior.

  4. Měng 蒙 is to be on the receiving end of a process, and the word hardly ever takes concrete objects.

  5. Nà 納 focusses concretely on the receiving something from the outside into some inside.

  6. Shōu 收 refers specifically to receiving what is due to one.

• REFUSE
  

  1. The current general word for refusal to do what one is asked to do or invited to do is què 卻 (ant. yǔn 允 "agree gracefully", but only for the case when què 卻 has a subject of high status), verbalised refusal to do what one is invited to do is currently cí 辭 (ant. cóng 從 "follow, do as one is told").

  2. Jù 拒 (ant. chéng 承 "accept (a task)") refers to emphatic refusal, a decision to have nothing to do with something.

  3. Shì 釋 (ant. shòu 受 "accept (a task)") refers to an insistance not to do what one might be expected to undertake.

  4. Fú 弗 (ant. yù 欲 "be willing to") regularly refers to what the agent "will not do" or "refuses to do", as an emphatic negation.

  5. Chì 斥 (ant. fèng 奉 "accept (a task)") is occasionally used to refer to a refusal to accede to a request or demand.

• FEND OFF
  

  1. The current general word for keeping someone or something at a distance or hindering an advance against one is yù 禦 / 御.

  2. Jù 拒 concentrates on the maintenance of physical distance by some superior force.

  3. Dǐ 抵 refers to a defensive way of preventing something from getting close to one.

  4. Kàng 抗 refers to keeping something at a distance by force.

• HINDER
  

  1. The current general word for putting obstacles in the way of something or someone is zǔ 阻 (ant. zhù 助 "help"). See also BLOCK

  2. Jǔ 沮 (ant. quàn 勸 "encourage") refers to failing to support someone else and dissuading him from pursuing an intended course of action.

  3. Zhàng 障 refers to putting a permanent hindrance in the way of something.

  4. Ài 礙 refers to an action designed to prevent another action, but the word gained currency quite late.

  5. Jù 距 / 拒 refers to an action designed to counteract another action that has been undertaken.

Word relations
• Ant: (REFUSE)受/ACCEPT The general word for accepting something offered to one is shòu 受, but the distinction with the passive "receive" is not made explicit. >>NEUTRAL 1 Attribution
• Ant: (REFUSE)入/ENTER The standard dominant word is rù 入(ant. chū 出 "go out") which refers to any kind of concrete or abstract entering of a thing into another. (CHECK!!)
• Ant: (REFUSE)聽/FOLLOW Tīng 聽 refers to the abstract notion of following advice given to one as a superior. See OBEY
• Ant: (REFUSE)追/PURSUE Zhuī 追 refers to the attempt of catching up with anything, characteristically a kòu 寇 "enemy" or thief (who may not know he is being pursued) but without any attending notion that what is being caught up with is NECESSARILY trying to escape or to make great speed, and the word is regularly used in figurative derived meanings "to seek", as in zhuī lì 追利 "chasing after profit". 1 Attribution