ARMY 軍隊軍
BIG GROUP of SOLDIERS TYPICALLY CONTROLLED by a RULER OR GOVERNMENT.
ARMED FORCEMILITARY FORCELAND FORCEMILITARYSOLDIERYINFANTRYMILITIATROOPSSOLDIERS
Hypernym
- GROUPCATEGORY of PEOPLE OR THINGS which COOPERATE, MUTUALLY RESEMBLE OR are TOGETHER IN ONE PLACE.
Old Chinese Criteria
[ARCHAIC/CURRENT]
[GENERAL/SPECIFIC]
[IMPERSONAL/PERSONIFIED]
[MOBILE/STATIONARY]
[LARGE/SMALL]
1. Bīng 兵 "armed force" focusses on the weapons ready for use and may refer to any military grouping.
[GENERAL]
2. Jūn 軍 is a complete army as a unit, from Spring and Autumn times onwards, normally attached to an army camp. Complete parts of an army are always jūn 軍, rarely shī 師. Hence the expressions sān jūn 三軍, zhōng jūn 中軍, shàng jūn 上軍, xià jūn 下軍. An army is counted by the number of jūn 軍 in it, where each jūn 軍 is said to be 10 000 men, at least in the Qi system. Systems have varied in different states. For detals of the early history see the monograph by KOLB.
[IMPERSONAL], [LARGE], [OFFICIAL]
3. Shī 師 refers generally to troops a military force on a campaign, not necessarily a complete army. ZUO Ding 4.1.6 commentators quantify an armed force as consisting of 2500 men, in one exceptional context. One often speaks of 三軍之師, never of 三師之軍. One asks for troops 請／乞師, and not for jūn 軍 which would be asking for the whole army of a friendly state. The troops of another state one uses are always shī 師 (e.g. 衛人以燕師伐鄭 ), one's own troops can be described as jūn 軍 or shī 師 almost indifferently. One offers food to the enemy shī 師, not to their jūn 軍. (HF 23.27:01) There are ruì shī 銳師 "crack troops" but no ruì jūn 銳軍 "crack army". Similarly, 楚師之良. The shī 師 may be said to hear about something 師聞之, not the jūn 軍.
[GENERAL], [MOBILE], [PERSONIFIED!]
4. Lu# 旅 is an archaic word for armed forces in any combatant or non-combatant function, and in ZUO Ding 4.1.6 it is quantified to consist of 500 men, and.
[ARCHAIC], [SMALL]
5. Duì 隊 is common in Han texts for a division in the army, the size of this division could vary, but did not exceed the hundreds. SEE ALSO BATALLION
[SMALL]
[GENERAL/SPECIFIC]
[IMPERSONAL/PERSONIFIED]
[MOBILE/STATIONARY]
[LARGE/SMALL]
1. Bīng 兵 "armed force" focusses on the weapons ready for use and may refer to any military grouping.
[GENERAL]
2. Jūn 軍 is a complete army as a unit, from Spring and Autumn times onwards, normally attached to an army camp. Complete parts of an army are always jūn 軍, rarely shī 師. Hence the expressions sān jūn 三軍, zhōng jūn 中軍, shàng jūn 上軍, xià jūn 下軍. An army is counted by the number of jūn 軍 in it, where each jūn 軍 is said to be 10 000 men, at least in the Qi system. Systems have varied in different states. For detals of the early history see the monograph by KOLB.
[IMPERSONAL], [LARGE], [OFFICIAL]
3. Shī 師 refers generally to troops a military force on a campaign, not necessarily a complete army. ZUO Ding 4.1.6 commentators quantify an armed force as consisting of 2500 men, in one exceptional context. One often speaks of 三軍之師, never of 三師之軍. One asks for troops 請／乞師, and not for jūn 軍 which would be asking for the whole army of a friendly state. The troops of another state one uses are always shī 師 (e.g. 衛人以燕師伐鄭 ), one's own troops can be described as jūn 軍 or shī 師 almost indifferently. One offers food to the enemy shī 師, not to their jūn 軍. (HF 23.27:01) There are ruì shī 銳師 "crack troops" but no ruì jūn 銳軍 "crack army". Similarly, 楚師之良. The shī 師 may be said to hear about something 師聞之, not the jūn 軍.
[GENERAL], [MOBILE], [PERSONIFIED!]
4. Lu# 旅 is an archaic word for armed forces in any combatant or non-combatant function, and in ZUO Ding 4.1.6 it is quantified to consist of 500 men, and.
[ARCHAIC], [SMALL]
5. Duì 隊 is common in Han texts for a division in the army, the size of this division could vary, but did not exceed the hundreds. SEE ALSO BATALLION
[SMALL]
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 WARFARE 2.
師，商周軍隊的高級編制單位，以後不採用。
軍，從春秋起成為軍隊的高級編制單位。
旅，師以下編制單位，只用於商周時代。三者均可作軍隊的泛稱。
師，商周軍隊的高級編制單位，以後不採用。
軍，從春秋起成為軍隊的高級編制單位。
旅，師以下編制單位，只用於商周時代。三者均可作軍隊的泛稱。
Modern Chinese Criteria
軍隊 is the current modern word for an army.
武裝部隊 is a formal bureaucratic way of referring to an army.
武裝力量 is an abstract analytic way of referring to military forces of any kind.
武裝 is a formal way of referring to military forces.
槍桿 (obs) is an old-fashioned way of referring to armed units.
武力 is a westernised way of referrring to armed forces.
行伍 (lit) is a traditionalist way of referring to army units.
部隊 "the military" is a general way of referring to the army of a country.
隊伍 refers to the troops making up an army.
人馬 is an old-fashioned way of referring to military forces.
大軍 is an honorific way of referring to the army.
三軍 is a traditional way of referring to all of the military forces of a state.
師旅 (lit) is a classical way of referring to armed forces.
軍 identifies army units.
師
旅
戎
first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on Cilin. 18.11.2003. CH/
武裝部隊 is a formal bureaucratic way of referring to an army.
武裝力量 is an abstract analytic way of referring to military forces of any kind.
武裝 is a formal way of referring to military forces.
槍桿 (obs) is an old-fashioned way of referring to armed units.
武力 is a westernised way of referrring to armed forces.
行伍 (lit) is a traditionalist way of referring to army units.
部隊 "the military" is a general way of referring to the army of a country.
隊伍 refers to the troops making up an army.
人馬 is an old-fashioned way of referring to military forces.
大軍 is an honorific way of referring to the army.
三軍 is a traditional way of referring to all of the military forces of a state.
師旅 (lit) is a classical way of referring to armed forces.
軍 identifies army units.
師
旅
戎
first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on Cilin. 18.11.2003. CH/
- A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages
(
BUCK 1988)
p.
20.15 - Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien
(
DOEDERLEIN 1840)
p.
ARMY
caterva refers to a limited host of troops in military formation.
cohors refers to a military formation insofar as it is under the command of a military commander.
agmen refers to an army as a solemn procession.
ARMY
exercitus refers to an army which consists of legions.
copiae refers to an armed force which consists of cohorts.
- 韓非子同義詞研究
(
HANFEI TONGYI 2004)
p.
67 - Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum
(
LANGIUS 1631)
p.
MILITIA
- Lateinische Synonymik
(
MENGE)
p.
155 - Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise
(
REY 2005)
p.
1.491 - "Sachwoerterbuch zum Alten China"
(
UNGER SACH)
p.
MITTLERE ARMEE
- 王力古漢語字典
(
WANG LI 2000)
p.
1388 軍，師
1. WL maintains that in terms of size ju1n 軍 is larger than shi1 師. This is misleading because shi1 師 "armed forces" is quite general and quite standardly is specified in terms to the three armies that make up a formal array of such armed forces:
ZUO Xuan 12.2.1 (597 B.C.); Ya2ng Bo2ju4n 721; Wa2ng Sho3uqia1n 521; tr. Watson 1989:86; revised tr. CH
夏六月， In summer, in the sixth month,
晉師救鄭。 the Ji4n army came to the rescue of Zhe4ng.
荀林父將中軍， Xu2n Li2nfu3 led the central army,
先縠佐之； Xia1n Gu3 assisted him.
士會將上軍， Shi4 Hui4 led the upper army,
郤克佐之； an Xi4 Ke4 assisted him.
趙朔將下軍， Zha4o Shuo4 led the lower army,
欒書佐之。 Lua2n Shu1 assisted him..
- Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge
(
PILLON 1850)
p.
no.374
Words
師 shī OC: sril MC: ʂi 130 Attributions
Shī 師 refers generally to troops a military force on a campaign, not necessarily a complete army. ZUO Ding 4.1.6 commentators quantify an armed force as consisting of 2500 men, in one exceptional context. One often speaks of 三軍之師, never of 三師之軍. One asks for troops 請／乞師, and not for jūn 軍 which would be asking for the whole army of a friendly state. The troops of another state one uses are always shī 師 (e.g. 衛人以燕師伐鄭), one's own troops can be described as jūn 軍 or shī 師 almost indifferently. One offers food to the enemy shī 師, not to their jūn 軍. (HF 23.27:01) There are ruì shī 銳師 "crack troops" but no ruì jūn 銳軍 "crack army". Similarly, 楚師之良. The shī 師 may be said to hear about something 師聞之, not the jūn 軍. [GENERAL], [MOBILE], [PERSONIFIED!]
- Word relations
- Epithet: 銳/SHARP
Ruì 銳 refers to sharpness as pointedness, and typically a sign of excellence. - Assoc: 旅/ARMY
Lu# 旅 is an archaic word for armed forces in any combatant or non-combatant function, and in ZUO Ding 4.1.6 it is quantified to consist of 500 men, and . [ARCHAIC], [SMALL] - Assoc: 軍/ARMY
Jūn 軍 is a complete army as a unit, from Spring and Autumn times onwards, normally attached to an army camp. Complete parts of an army are always jūn 軍, rarely shī 師. Hence the expressions sān jūn 三軍, zhōng jūn 中軍, shàng jūn 上軍, xià jūn 下軍. An army is counted by the number of jūn 軍 in it, where each jūn 軍 is said to be 10 000 men, at least in the Qi system. Systems have varied in different states. For detals of the early history see the monograph by KOLB. [IMPERSONAL], [LARGE], [OFFICIAL] - Synon: 軍/ARMY
Jūn 軍 is a complete army as a unit, from Spring and Autumn times onwards, normally attached to an army camp. Complete parts of an army are always jūn 軍, rarely shī 師. Hence the expressions sān jūn 三軍, zhōng jūn 中軍, shàng jūn 上軍, xià jūn 下軍. An army is counted by the number of jūn 軍 in it, where each jūn 軍 is said to be 10 000 men, at least in the Qi system. Systems have varied in different states. For detals of the early history see the monograph by KOLB. [IMPERSONAL], [LARGE], [OFFICIAL]
- Syntactic words
- n(post-N)the army of the contextually determinate N; army; OBI: military camp, encampment. Troops, armed force, division of the armed forces, regular armed forces; (obsolescent after Qin) HF 1.2: (several hundred thousand) organised armed personnel (should probably be npost-N)
- n-Nan army or section of an army (of so-and-so many men or of such-and-such a place)
- n=Nprarmy Npr
- n[post-N]one's (own) army, the army of the subject of the clause in which the word occurs (Note that this use is particularly common in object position: n[post-N.]post-Vt
- nabautonymarmy
- nadV師行to move with an army; to travel like marching with army ??
- nccarmy 二師 "the two armies"
- ncollectivearmy; section of an army; the members of the army (traditionally 2500 men)
- npost-NprNpr=statethe army of NprCH
- npost-V{NUM}army as a counted unit
- vtoNmarshall (an army division)
兵 bīng OC: praŋ MC: pɣaŋ 59 Attributions
Bīng 兵 "armed force" focusses on the weapons ready for use and may refer to any military grouping. [GENERAL]
- Word relations
- Object: 休/REST
Xiū 休 (ant. láo 勞 "work hard") refers to brief break in a working process. - Object: 發/MOBILISE
Fā 發 refers to a political act of deploying a military force that is all ready to be deployed. - Object: 舉/MOBILISE
Jǔ 舉 always refers to an administrative official act of raising an army of some size and/or deploying this force. - Object: 起/MOBILISE
The current general term for raising an army was qǐ 起. The army may be of any size, and the person raising the army may or may not be raising the army in an official capacity. - Assoc: 甲/ARMOUR
The dominant general term is jiǎ 甲 and this armour is typically made of rhinoceros leather. [GENERAL]
- Syntactic words
- n(post-N)the army of the contextually determinate NLZ
- n[post-N]one's army; his armyCH
- nmtroops, an armed force, armed forces; military force
- nm[post-N]one's own armyCH
- nmpost-NN's armyDS
- npost-N{PLACE}army of NDS
軍 jūn OC: kun MC: ki̯un 55 Attributions
Jūn 軍 is a complete army as a unit, from Spring and Autumn times onwards, normally attached to an army camp. Complete parts of an army are always jūn 軍, rarely shī 師. Hence the expressions sān jūn 三軍, zhōng jūn 中軍, shàng jūn 上軍, xià jūn 下軍. An army is counted by the number of jūn 軍 in it, where each jūn 軍 is said to be 10 000 men, at least in the Qi system. Systems have varied in different states. For detals of the early history see the monograph by KOLB. [IMPERSONAL], [LARGE], [OFFICIAL]
- Word relations
- Object: 引/LEAD
Jiāng 將 and yǐn 引refer to leading an informal group, large or small, occasionally even a single person. - Epithet: 三/THREE
The general word for "three" is sān 三 and this word has great syntactic flexibility, and only in a small minority of such usages can the graph be replaced by 參. - Assoc: 師/ARMY
Shī 師 refers generally to troops a military force on a campaign, not necessarily a complete army. ZUO Ding 4.1.6 commentators quantify an armed force as consisting of 2500 men, in one exceptional context. One often speaks of 三軍之師, never of 三師之軍. One asks for troops 請／乞師, and not for jūn 軍 which would be asking for the whole army of a friendly state. The troops of another state one uses are always shī 師 (e.g. 衛人以燕師伐鄭), one's own troops can be described as jūn 軍 or shī 師 almost indifferently. One offers food to the enemy shī 師, not to their jūn 軍. (HF 23.27:01) There are ruì shī 銳師 "crack troops" but no ruì jūn 銳軍 "crack army". Similarly, 楚師之良. The shī 師 may be said to hear about something 師聞之, not the jūn 軍. [GENERAL], [MOBILE], [PERSONIFIED!] - Assoc: 旅/ARMY
Lu# 旅 is an archaic word for armed forces in any combatant or non-combatant function, and in ZUO Ding 4.1.6 it is quantified to consist of 500 men, and . [ARCHAIC], [SMALL] - Synon: 師/ARMY
Shī 師 refers generally to troops a military force on a campaign, not necessarily a complete army. ZUO Ding 4.1.6 commentators quantify an armed force as consisting of 2500 men, in one exceptional context. One often speaks of 三軍之師, never of 三師之軍. One asks for troops 請／乞師, and not for jūn 軍 which would be asking for the whole army of a friendly state. The troops of another state one uses are always shī 師 (e.g. 衛人以燕師伐鄭), one's own troops can be described as jūn 軍 or shī 師 almost indifferently. One offers food to the enemy shī 師, not to their jūn 軍. (HF 23.27:01) There are ruì shī 銳師 "crack troops" but no ruì jūn 銳軍 "crack army". Similarly, 楚師之良. The shī 師 may be said to hear about something 師聞之, not the jūn 軍. [GENERAL], [MOBILE], [PERSONIFIED!] - Relat: 帥/GENERAL
Shuài 帥 is sometimes used to refer to any officer in charge of a given army. - Oppos: 身/SELF
Shēn 身 typically refers to the subject in a contrastive way, and the word is often hard to distinguish from the nominal concept of a person. Adverbially, the word is different from PERSONALLY in that it does not connote distinction in the agent.
- Syntactic words
- narmyCH
- n(post-N)army of the contextually determinate N; his armyDS
- n[post-N](one's) armyCH
- nadNmilitary (law, equipment) 軍志 "military records"
- nccfrom Qin times onwards: regular army; overall armed forces (could consist of up to a million men) 一軍
- npost-Nthe armed forces of N; the army of NCH
- viactform an army
中軍 zhōng jūn OC: krluŋ kun MC: ʈuŋ ki̯un 26 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NPCentral Army (often commandeered by the ruler or the duke); Central Army Command
三軍 sān jūn OC: saam kun MC: sɑm ki̯un 20 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NP{vadN}the combined military forces of a state (composed of three constituent forces)
上軍 shàng jūn OC: ɡljaŋs kun MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ ki̯un 13 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NPUpper Army
下軍 xià jūn OC: ɢraaʔ kun MC: ɦɣɛ ki̯un 12 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NPLower Army; Rear Army
軍旅 jūn lǚ OC: kun raʔ MC: ki̯un li̯ɤ 12 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NPadNmilitary
- NPadVin the army
- NPpluralthe troops
- NP{N1=N2}actmilitary pursuits; military affairs in general; the conduct of military work
眾 zhòng OC: tjuŋs MC: tɕuŋ 9 Attributions
- Word relations
- Object: 帥 / 率/LEAD
Shuài 率/帥 places stronger emphasis on leadership in a certain campaign than on general guidance.
- Syntactic words
- npluralOBI: hosts; numerous armed forces; the numerous armes forces; also: armed forces of an individual household
戎 róng OC: njuŋ MC: ȵuŋ 8 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nadNmilitary, pertaining to warfare
- nadVin the military manner (dressing up etc); in military style
- nmmilitary force
旅 lǚ OC: raʔ MC: li̯ɤ 8 Attributions
Lu# 旅 is an archaic word for armed forces in any combatant or non-combatant function, and in ZUO Ding 4.1.6 it is quantified to consist of 500 men, and . [ARCHAIC], [SMALL]
- Word relations
- Assoc: 師/ARMY
Shī 師 refers generally to troops a military force on a campaign, not necessarily a complete army. ZUO Ding 4.1.6 commentators quantify an armed force as consisting of 2500 men, in one exceptional context. One often speaks of 三軍之師, never of 三師之軍. One asks for troops 請／乞師, and not for jūn 軍 which would be asking for the whole army of a friendly state. The troops of another state one uses are always shī 師 (e.g. 衛人以燕師伐鄭), one's own troops can be described as jūn 軍 or shī 師 almost indifferently. One offers food to the enemy shī 師, not to their jūn 軍. (HF 23.27:01) There are ruì shī 銳師 "crack troops" but no ruì jūn 銳軍 "crack army". Similarly, 楚師之良. The shī 師 may be said to hear about something 師聞之, not the jūn 軍. [GENERAL], [MOBILE], [PERSONIFIED!] - Assoc: 軍/ARMY
Jūn 軍 is a complete army as a unit, from Spring and Autumn times onwards, normally attached to an army camp. Complete parts of an army are always jūn 軍, rarely shī 師. Hence the expressions sān jūn 三軍, zhōng jūn 中軍, shàng jūn 上軍, xià jūn 下軍. An army is counted by the number of jūn 軍 in it, where each jūn 軍 is said to be 10 000 men, at least in the Qi system. Systems have varied in different states. For detals of the early history see the monograph by KOLB. [IMPERSONAL], [LARGE], [OFFICIAL]
- Syntactic words
- narmed forces; army (of 500 soldiers?)
- n[post-N]one's military troopDS
師旅 shī lǚ OC: sril raʔ MC: ʂi li̯ɤ 6 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NP{N1=N2}pluralarmed forces, armies
拒 jù OC: ɡaʔ MC: gi̯ɤ 5 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nvan; part of a battle formation
行 háng OC: ɢaaŋ MC: ɦɑŋ 5 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- ndivision in an army of Jìn, one on the right, one on the left, one in the middle
卒 zú OC: skuud MC: tsuot 4 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nbatallion of 100 men; personal troops (of king)
兵革 bīng gé OC: praŋ krɯɯɡ MC: pɣaŋ kɣɛk 4 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NP{N1&N2}armed forces
甲兵 jiǎ bīng OC: kraab praŋ MC: kɣap pɣaŋ 4 Attributions
- 古辭辨 Gu ci bian
(
WANG FENGYANG 1993)
p.
139.2
- Syntactic words
- NPmarmed forces, military forces
右 yòu OC: ɢʷɯʔ MC: ɦɨu 3 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nright wing of an army; Army of the Right
隊 duì OC: ɡ-luuls MC: duo̝i 3 Attributions
Duì 隊 is common in Han texts and refers to a division in the army, the size of this division could vary, but did not exceed the hundreds. [SMALL]
- Syntactic words
- nregular military formation; group within an army
左 zuǒ OC: skaalʔ MC: tsɑ 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nleft wing of an army; Army of the Left
左師 zuǒ shī OC: skaalʔ sril MC: tsɑ ʂi 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NPLeft Army
簡師 jiǎn shī OC: kreenʔ sril MC: kɣɛn ʂi 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NParmy of chosen crack troops
兵刃 bīng rèn OC: praŋ njins MC: pɣaŋ ȵin 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NPmcollectivearmed force, army in general
兵戎 bīng róng OC: praŋ njuŋ MC: pɣaŋ ȵuŋ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NPnonreferentialarmed forces
卒伍 zú wǔ OC: skuud ŋaaʔ MC: tsuot ŋuo̝ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NPordinary army unit; rank and file
右師 yòu shī OC: ɢʷɯʔ sril MC: ɦɨu ʂi 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NPRight Army
軍師 jūn shī OC: kun sril MC: ki̯un ʂi 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NParmy
軍眾 jūn zhòng OC: kun tjuŋs MC: ki̯un tɕuŋ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NPsoldiers of the army
軍陣 jūn zhèn OC: kun ɡrliŋs MC: ki̯un ɖin 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NParmy; army in action
師兵 shī bīng MC: srij pjaeng OC: sril praŋCH 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NP[post-N]one's encamped armyCH
大軍 dà jūn MC: dajH kjun OC: daads kunDS 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NP(post-N)our big armyDS
乘白 shèng bái MC: -- baek OC: ɢjɯŋs braaɡLZ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NP= sheng4bó 乘伯: troops of various size, various kinds of troopsLZ
分數 fēn shù MC: pjun srjuH OC: pɯn sqrosDS 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NPsubdivisions in the organisation of military troops, see HDCDS
儀 yí OC: ŋral MC: ŋiɛ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nXUN, jundao: straight column
臿 chā OC: skhreeb MC: ʈʂhɣɛp 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nvanguard (of an army)
鋒 fēng OC: phoŋ MC: phi̯oŋ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- ncollectivevanguard of a military formation
鴈 yàn OC: ŋraans MC: ŋɣan
雁 yàn OC: ŋraans MC: ŋɣan 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nadVin a military goose formation
驅 qū OC: kho MC: khi̯o 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- ncolumn of an army (ZUO)
Click here to add pinyin MC: OC: CH 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NP[post-N]one's encamped armyCH
Existing SW for
Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database: