HINDER  阻礙阻

STOP from ACT:doing what someone or something INTENDS to ACT:do.
PREVENTHAMPEROBSTRUCTIMPEDEINHIBITRETARDBALKPREVENTTHWARTFOILCURBDELAYARRESTINTERFERE WITHSET BACKSLOW DOWNHOBBLEHOLD BACKHOLD UPSTOPHALTRESTRICTRESTRAINCONSTRAINBLOCKCHECKCURTAILFRUSTRATECRAMPHANDICAPCRIPPLEHAMSTRINGINFORMAL STYMIETHROW A WRENCH IN THE WORKS
Antonym
  • CAUSE TOMOVE in SUCH a way that THEREFORE someone or something else CHANGES.
    • HELPTRY to PROFIT someone OR to CAUSE a person TO ACHIEVE something one BELIEVES is DIFFICULT for that person.
      Hypernym
      • STOPACT so as NOT to CONTINUE NOW:present ACTION.
        • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision.
          • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION.
            • CHANGEEVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2....
      See also
      • FORBIDCOMMAND NOT to ACT:do something.
        Hyponym
        • BLOCK　HINDER something by PUTTING something in a PLACE where it CAUSES THINGS which NORMALLY CAN MOVE in that PLACE NOT TO MOVE there.
          • SHUT　BLOCK a DOOR OR A GATE in an ORDINARY WAY.
        • FEND OFF　HINDER someone who ATTACKS so as to CAUSE him TO LEAVE.
          • GATE　MOBILE TIMBER HINDER:barrier IN a BIG HOLE THROUGH WHICH ONE WALKS so as to ENTER something.
            • PASS　GATE IN LANDSCAPE THROUGH WHICH TRAFFIC HAS TO ENTER.
          • RESTRAIN　HINDER from being UNRESTRAINED.
            • PUNISH　RESTRAIN OR DAMAGE a CULPRIT BECAUSE of his/her CRIMES....
            • MODERATION　CULTIVATE ONESELF so as to cause oneself to BE ENDURINGLY RESTRAINED....
          Old Chinese Criteria
          1. The current general word for putting obstacles in the way of something or someone is zǔ 阻 (ant. zhù 助 "help"). See also BLOCK

          2. Jǔ 沮 (ant. quàn 勸 "encourage") refers to failing to support someone else and dissuading him from pursuing an intended course of action.

          3. Zhàng 障 refers to putting a permanent hindrance in the way of something.

          4. Ài 礙 refers to an action designed to prevent another action, but the word gained currency quite late.

          5. Jù 距 / 拒 refers to an action designed to counteract another action that has been undertaken.

          Modern Chinese Criteria
          阻礙

          妨礙

          障礙

          干礙

          關礙

          阻扰

          打扰

          阻止

          礙事

          礙

          妨

          絆

          掣

          擋

          攔

          rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

          • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 19.59

          • “孟子”同義詞研究 ( MENGZI TONGYI 2002) p. 101

          • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 116

          • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 116

          • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.210.171

            DIFFICULTE.OBSTACLE.EMPECHEMENT

          • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.304

          • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 173

          Words

          沮  jǔ OC: sɡaʔ MC: dzi̯ɤ 13 AttributionsWD

          Jǔ 沮(ant. quàn 勸 "encourage") refers to failing to support someone else and dissuading him from pursuing an intended course of action.

            Syntactic words
          • vt[oN]hinder [evil]
          • vtoNhinder, discourage, dissuade
          • vtoNpassivebe hindered; be stopped; be halted; feel prevented/discouraged
          阻  zǔ OC: skraʔ MC: ʈʂi̯ɤ 13 AttributionsWD

          The current general word for putting obstacles in the way of something or someone is zǔ 阻 (ant. zhù 助 "help"). See also BLOCK

            Syntactic words
          • nnatural hindrance like rivers or mountains which prevent convenient transportation
          • nabsocialcountable: impedimentsCH
          • vtoNto impede, to hinder; block
          • vtoNmiddle voicebe blocked; be impeded
          障  zhàng OC: kjaŋs MC: tɕi̯ɐŋ 11 AttributionsWD

          Zhàng 障 refers to putting a permanent hindrance in the way of something.

            Word relations
          • Assoc: 塞/BLOCK Sè 塞 (ant. tōng 通 "be unblocked") is the standard word for blocking the progress of something, or for blocking up an opening, and the word specifically refers to the blocking of things from getting out of something. [GENERAL]

            Syntactic words
          • nblock; hindrance
          • nabpsychBUDDH: mental hindrance; psychological obstruction
          • nadNfigurativeinhibiting
          • vt+prep+Nimpede something
          • vtoNobstruct; block; keep at bay
          • vtoNpassivebe blocked from seeing things
          止  zhǐ OC: kljɯʔ MC: tɕɨ 10 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vt(oN)
          • vt[oN]hinder what should be hindered, typically crimes (禁止 "prohibitions hinder [illegal deeds]")LZ
          • vtoNstop, hinder, prevent
          • vtoNpassive
          妨  fāng OC: phaŋ MC: phi̯ɐŋ 7 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vt+prep+Nbe in the way of
          • vt+V[0]be a hindrance to V
          • vtoNpassivemiddle voice, figurative: be blocked from viewCH
          • vtoNpsychhinder (oneself)
          • vtoNstativebe in the way of, be a hindrance to, prevent
          • vttoN.+V[0]hinder somebody to V
          撓  náo OC: mɢreewʔ MC: ɳɣɛu 6 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNinterfere with; confuse and stand in the way of
          • vtoNcausativeprovoke (somebody N) to perform an action that he/she does not want to perform at the moment
          防  fáng OC: baŋ MC: bi̯ɐŋ 6 AttributionsWD

            Word relations
          • Assoc: 禁/FORBID The current dominant general word referring to public prohibition is jìn 禁 (ant. quàn 勸 "encourage").

            Syntactic words
          • vtoNguard against; prevent
          • vtoNimperativehinder!
          要  yāo OC: qew MC: ʔiɛu 4 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vt(oN)intercept; to block (a contextually determinate object); prevent (a contextually determinate object) moving further
          • vtoNhinder, stand in the way of; intercept
          御  yù OC: ŋas MC: ŋi̯ɤ 3 AttributionsWD

            Word relations
          • Object: 寒/COLD The standard current word referring to coldness is hán 寒 (ant. standardly shǔ 暑, but also wēn 溫, rè 熱 "warm").

            Syntactic words
          • vistand in the way, be in the way, be a hindrance
          • vt(oN)stand in the way/hinder the contextually determinate N
          • vtoNstand in the way of
          滯  zhì OC: dads MC: ɖiɛi 3 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • nobstacle which clogs things (typically waterways)
          • vt(oN)stop or impede the contextually determinate N
          • vtoNpassiveget bogged down with, get stuck with
          礙  ài OC: ŋɡɯɯs MC: ŋəi 3 AttributionsWD

          Ài 礙 refers to an action designed to prevent another action, but the word gained currency quite late.

            Syntactic words
          • nabfeatureobstacle, hindrance
          • nabfigurativeobstruction
          • vtoNLIE: to obstruct, impede
          距  jù OC: ɡaʔ MC: gi̯ɤ 3 AttributionsWD

          Jù 距/拒 refers to an action designed to counteract another action that has been undertaken.

            Syntactic words
          • vtoNstave off; block and keep away, hinder and keep at a distance
          隔  gé OC: kreeɡ MC: kɣɛk 3 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNobstruct, get in the way of, get between
          • vtoN.adVhindered by, separated by; with N inbetween
          • vtoNfigurativebe obstructed; be hindered
          勿使  wù shǐ OC: mɯd srɯʔ MC: mi̯ut ʂɨ 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtt(oN.)+V[0]prevent the contextually determinate N from V-ing; ensure that N does not V
          障礙  zhāng ài OC: kjaŋ ŋɡɯɯs MC: tɕi̯ɐŋ ŋəi 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPhindrance, obstacle
          險阻  xiǎn zǔ OC: qhromʔ skraʔ MC: hiɛm ʈʂi̯ɤ 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPobstacle; hindrance; strategic natural hindrance
          • NPadNdefensiveCH
          塞  sāi 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • nabstativehindranceLZ
          • vtoNmiddle voicebe prevented from functioning properly, be impededCH
          傺  chì OC: khrleds MC: ʈhiɛi 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNhinder; detain
          • vtoNpassivebe hindered; detained
          堙  yīn OC: qin MC: ʔin 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNhinder the flow of, dam up
          戶  hù OC: ɡlaaʔ MC: ɦuo̝
          扈  hù OC: ɡlaaʔ MC: ɦuo̝ 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNhinder, dissuade
          閡  ài OC: ŋɡɯɯɡs MC: ŋəi 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • nhindrance, blockageCH
          • vtoNobstruct; hinder (LIE) ??
          前卻  qián què OC: dzeen khaɡ MC: dzen khi̯ɐk 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPtoNpassivebe interfered with
          卻滯  què zhì OC: khaɡ dads MC: khi̯ɐk ɖiɛi 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPt(oN)block up, hinder the free flow of
          夭閼  yāo è OC: qrow qaad MC: ʔiɛu ʔɑt 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPtoNstand in the way of
          妨廢  fāng fèi OC: phaŋ pods MC: phi̯ɐŋ pi̯ɐi 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPtoNhinder and lead to the abandonment of
          為難  wéi nán OC: ɢʷal mɢlaan MC: ɦiɛ nɑn 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPtpost.vt+Ncause trouble for 與N為難
          罣礙  guà ài OC: kʷrees ŋɡɯɯs MC: kɣɛ ŋəi 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPabfigurativehindrance, obstruction
          • VPtoNfigurativehinder, obstruct
          防護  fáng hù OC: baŋ ɢʷaaɡs MC: bi̯ɐŋ ɦuo̝ 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPtoNhinder; keep abay; keep away
          阻礙  zǔ ài OC: skraʔ ŋɡɯɯs MC: ʈʂi̯ɤ ŋəi 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPhindrance
          障塞  zhàng sāi OC: kjaŋs sɯɯɡ MC: tɕi̯ɐŋ sək 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPtoNpassivebe blocked
          障隔  zhāng gé OC: kjaŋ kreeɡ MC: tɕi̯ɐŋ kɣɛk 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPabfigurativehinrance, obstacle
          胠  qū MC: -- OC: khaLZ 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vt prep N= qu1 阹: get stuck at the place N, become stranded at the place NLZ
          滯留  zhì liú MC: drjejH ljuw OC: dads b-ruLZ 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPabhindranceLZ
          險塞  xiǎn sài MC: xjemX sojH OC: qhromʔ sɯɯɡsCH 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPobstaclesCH
          禁御  jìn yù MC: kimH ngjoH OC: krɯms ŋasCH 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPt(oN)stop the contextually determinate N doing what they are doingCH
          左  zuǒ OC: skaalʔ MC: tsɑ 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNab{S}be in the way of; oppose
          礙  ài OC: ŋɡɯɯɡs MC: ŋəi 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNhinder; obstruct (LIE)
          輅  lù OC: ɡ-raaɡs MC: luo̝ 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNread yà intercept
          錮  gù OC: kaaɡs MC: kuo̝ 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNbar from taking office; bar from employment
          阻絕  zǔ jué OC: skraʔ dzod MC: ʈʂi̯ɤ dziɛt 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPtoNpassivebe impeded
          不通  bù tōng MC: pjut thuwng OC: pɯʔ kh-looŋCH 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPtoNcausativecause not to proceed efficientlyCH

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